{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T18:21:33Z","timestamp":1779906093099,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,8]],"date-time":"2018-09-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1536364800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"name":"CooperVision S.L. Spain"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-018-4115-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,8]],"date-time":"2018-09-08T04:06:43Z","timestamp":1536379603000},"page":"207-215","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Binocular and accommodative function in the controlled randomized clinical trial MiSight\u00ae Assessment Study Spain (MASS)"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"257","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8318-5914","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alicia","family":"Ruiz-Pomeda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bel\u00e9n","family":"P\u00e9rez-S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pilar","family":"Ca\u00f1adas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francisco Luis","family":"Prieto-Garrido","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ram\u00f3n","family":"Guti\u00e9rrez-Ortega","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C\u00e9sar","family":"Villa-Collar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"4115_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.85.7.855","volume":"85","author":"SM Saw","year":"2001","unstructured":"Saw SM, Wu HM, Seet B, Wong TY, Yap E, Chia KS, Lee L (2001) Academic achievement, close up work parameters, and myopia in Singapore military conscripts. Br J Ophthalmol 85:855\u2013860","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"4115_CR2","first-page":"3633","volume":"43","author":"DO Mutti","year":"2002","unstructured":"Mutti DO, Mitchell GL, Moeschberger ML, Jones LA, Zadnik K (2002) Parental myopia, near work, school achievement, and children\u2019s refractive error. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 43:3633\u20133640","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"4115_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2903","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.07-0804","volume":"49","author":"JM Ip","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ip JM, Saw S-M, Rose KA, Morgan IG, Kifley A, Wang JJ, Mitchell P (2008) Role of near work in myopia: findings in a sample of Australian school children. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 49:2903\u20132910. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1167\/iovs.07-0804","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"4115_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2014.12.005","volume":"71","author":"A Fern\u00e1ndez-Montero","year":"2015","unstructured":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Montero A, Olmo-Jimenez JM, Olmo N, Bes-Rastrollo M, Moreno-Galarraga L, Moreno-Monta\u00f1\u00e9s J, Mart\u00ednez-Gonz\u00e1lez MA (2015) The impact of computer use in myopia progression: a cohort study in Spain. Prev Med 71:67\u201371. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ypmed.2014.12.005","journal-title":"Prev Med"},{"key":"4115_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2012.04.020","volume":"119","author":"JC Sherwin","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sherwin JC, Reacher MH, Keogh RH, Khawaja AP, Mackey DA, Foster PJ (2012) The association between time spent outdoors and myopia in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ophthalmology 119:2141\u20132151. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ophtha.2012.04.020","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"4115_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2856","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.11-9091","volume":"53","author":"JA Guggenheim","year":"2012","unstructured":"Guggenheim JA, Northstone K, McMahon G, Ness AR, Deere K, Mattocks C, Williams C (2012) Time outdoors and physical activity as predictors of incident myopia in childhood: a prospective cohort study. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 53:2856\u20132865. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1167\/iovs.11-9091","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"4115_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2016.12.007","volume":"15","author":"H Torii","year":"2017","unstructured":"Torii H, Kurihara T, Seko Y, Negishi K, Ohnuma K, Inaba T, Tsubota K (2017) Violet light exposure can be a preventive strategy against myopia progression. Ebiomedicine 15:210\u2013219. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ebiom.2016.12.007","journal-title":"Ebiomedicine"},{"key":"4115_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1279","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2007.12.019","volume":"115","author":"KA Rose","year":"2008","unstructured":"Rose KA, Morgan IG, Ip J, Kifley A, Huynh S, Smith W, Mitchell P (2008) Outdoor activity reduces the prevalence of myopia in children. Ophthalmology 115:1279\u20131285. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ophtha.2007.12.019","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"4115_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0000000000000808","volume":"93","author":"TA Aller","year":"2016","unstructured":"Aller TA, Liu M, Wildsoet CF (2016) Myopia control with bifocal contact lenses: a randomized clinical trial. Optom Vis Sci 93:344\u2013352. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/opx.0000000000000808","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"key":"4115_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1078","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.10-5716","volume":"52","author":"Y Liu","year":"2011","unstructured":"Liu Y, Wildsoet C (2011) The effect of two-zone concentric bifocal spectacle lenses on refractive error development and eye growth in young chicks. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 52:1078\u20131086. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1167\/iovs.10-5716","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"4115_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5085","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.12-9628","volume":"53","author":"Y Liu","year":"2012","unstructured":"Liu Y, Wildsoet C (2012) The effective add inherent in 2-zone negative lenses inhibits eye growth in myopic young chicks. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 53:5085\u20135093. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1167\/iovs.12-9628","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"4115_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6765","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.14-14524","volume":"55","author":"A Benavente-Perez","year":"2014","unstructured":"Benavente-Perez A, Nour A, Troilo D (2014) Axial eye growth and refractive error development can be modified by exposing the peripheral retina to relative myopic or hyperopic defocus. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 55:6765\u20136773. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1167\/iovs.14-14524","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"4115_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1097\/00006324-199806000-00023","volume":"75","author":"EL Smith 3rd","year":"1998","unstructured":"Smith EL 3rd (1998) Spectacle lenses and emmetropization: the role of optical defocus in regulating ocular development. Optom Vis Sci 75:388\u2013398","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"key":"4115_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1097\/00006324-200203000-00011","volume":"79","author":"JR Jimenez","year":"2002","unstructured":"Jimenez JR, Durban JJ, Anera RG (2002) Maximum disparity with acuvue bifocal contact lenses with changes in illumination. Optom Vis Sci 79:170\u2013174","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"key":"4115_CR15","volume-title":"Clinical management of binocular vision: heterophoric, accommodative, and eye movement disorders","author":"M Scheiman","year":"2008","unstructured":"Scheiman M, Wick B (2008) Clinical management of binocular vision: heterophoric, accommodative, and eye movement disorders. Wolters Kluwer Health\/lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia"},{"key":"4115_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1097\/00006324-194909000-00002","volume":"26","author":"M Alpern","year":"1949","unstructured":"Alpern M (1949) Accommodation and convergence with contact lenses. Am J Optom Arch Am Acad Optom 26:379\u2013387","journal-title":"Am J Optom Arch Am Acad Optom"},{"key":"4115_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"860","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9394(67)92228-3","volume":"64","author":"DM Robertson","year":"1967","unstructured":"Robertson DM, Ogle KN, Dyer JA (1967) Influence of contact lenses on accommodation: theoretic considerations and clinical study. Am J Ophthalmol 64:860\u2013871","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"4115_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1097\/00006324-197709000-00003","volume":"54","author":"LG Carney","year":"1977","unstructured":"Carney LG, Woo GC (1977) Comparison of accommodation with rigid and flexible contact lenses. Am J Optom Physiol Optic 54:595\u2013597","journal-title":"Am J Optom Physiol Optic"},{"key":"4115_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clae.2006.08.004","volume":"29","author":"OA Hunt","year":"2006","unstructured":"Hunt OA, Wolffsohn JS, Garc\u00eda-Res\u00faa C (2006) Ocular motor triad with single vision contact lenses compared to spectacle lenses. Cont Lens Anterior Eye 29:239\u2013245","journal-title":"Cont Lens Anterior Eye"},{"key":"4115_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-010-1570-z","volume":"249","author":"R Jimenez","year":"2011","unstructured":"Jimenez R, Martinez-Almeida L, Salas C, Ortiz C (2011) Contact lenses vs spectacles in myopes: is there any difference in accommodative and binocular function? Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 249:925\u2013935. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00417-010-1570-z","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"4115_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1475-1313.2003.00094.x","volume":"23","author":"GW Fulk","year":"2003","unstructured":"Fulk GW, Cyert LA, Parker DE, West RW (2003) The effect of changing from glasses to soft contact lenses on myopia progression in adolescents. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 23:71\u201377","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Physiol Opt"},{"key":"4115_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-016-3554-0","volume":"255","author":"G Felipe-Marquez","year":"2017","unstructured":"Felipe-Marquez G, Nombela-Palomo M, Palomo-Alvarez C, Cacho I, Nieto-Bona A (2017) Binocular function changes produced in response to overnight orthokeratology. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 255:179\u2013188. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00417-016-3554-0","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"4115_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-014-2865-2","volume":"253","author":"G Felipe-Marquez","year":"2015","unstructured":"Felipe-Marquez G, Nombela-Palomo M, Cacho I, Nieto-Bona A (2015) Accommodative changes produced in response to overnight orthokeratology. Graefe\u2019s Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 253:619\u2013626. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00417-014-2865-2.","journal-title":"Graefe\u2019s Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"4115_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ruiz-Pomeda A, Perez-Sanchez B, Valls I, Prieto-Garrido FL, Gutierrez-Ortega R, Villa-Collar C (2018) MiSight Assessment Study Spain (MASS). A 2-year randomized clinical trial. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00417-018-3906-z","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-018-3906-z"},{"key":"4115_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2010.10.035","volume":"118","author":"NS Anstice","year":"2011","unstructured":"Anstice NS, Phillips JR (2011) Effect of dual-focus soft contact lens wear on axial myopia progression in children. Ophthalmology 118:1152\u20131161. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ophtha.2010.10.035","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"4115_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ruiz-Pomeda A, P\u00e9rez-S\u00e1nchez B, Prieto-Garrido FL, Guti\u00e9rrez-Ortega R, Villa-Collar C (2018) MiSight Assessment Study Spain: adverse events, tear film osmolarity, and discontinuations. Eye Contact Lens. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/ICL.0000000000000484","DOI":"10.1097\/ICL.0000000000000484"},{"key":"4115_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Pomeda AR, P\u00e9rez-S\u00e1nchez B, Ca\u00f1adas Su\u00e1rez MDP, Prieto Garrido FL, Guti\u00e9rrez-Ortega R, Villa-Collar C (2017) MiSight Assessment Study Spain: a comparison of vision-related quality-of-life measures between MiSight contact lenses and single-vision spectacles. Eye Contact Lens. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/ICL.0000000000000413","DOI":"10.1097\/ICL.0000000000000413"},{"key":"4115_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-1313.2004.00234.x","volume":"24","author":"R Jim\u00e9nez","year":"2004","unstructured":"Jim\u00e9nez R, P\u00e9rez MA, Garc\u00eda JA, Gonz\u00e1lez MD (2004) Statistical normal values of visual parameters that characterize binocular function in children. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 24:528\u2013542","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Physiol Opt"},{"key":"4115_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1097\/00006324-200303000-00011","volume":"80","author":"M Scheiman","year":"2003","unstructured":"Scheiman M, Gallaway M, Frantz KA, Peters RJ, Hatch S, Cuff M et al (2003) Nearpoint of convergence: test procedure, target selection, and normative data. Optom Vis Sci 80:214\u2013225","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"key":"4115_CR30","first-page":"690","volume":"34","author":"J Gwiazda","year":"1993","unstructured":"Gwiazda J, Thorn F, Bauer J, Held R (1993) Myopic children show insufficient accommodative response to blur. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 34:690\u2013694","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"4115_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1007\/s10384-004-0175-7","volume":"49","author":"C Nakatsuka","year":"2005","unstructured":"Nakatsuka C, Hasebe S, Nonaka F, Ohtsuki H (2005) Accommodative lag under habitual seeing conditions: comparison between myopic and emmetropic children. Jpn J Ophthalmol 49:189\u2013194","journal-title":"Jpn J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"4115_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clae.2015.09.004","volume":"39","author":"P Kang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kang P, Wildsoet CF (2016) Acute and short-term changes in visual function with multifocal soft contact lens wear in young adults. Cont Lens Anterior Eye 39:133\u2013140. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clae.2015.09.004","journal-title":"Cont Lens Anterior Eye"},{"key":"4115_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0b013e3180339f44","volume":"84","author":"WC Maples","year":"2007","unstructured":"Maples WC, Hoenes R (2007) Near point of convergence norms measured in elementary school children. Optom Vis Sci 84:224\u2013228","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"key":"4115_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1475-1313.1999.00437.x","volume":"19","author":"J Gwiazda","year":"1999","unstructured":"Gwiazda J, Grice K, Thorn F (1999) Response AC\/A ratios are elevated in myopic children. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 19:173\u2013179","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Physiol Opt"},{"key":"4115_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-1313.1997.tb00062.x","volume":"17","author":"KJ Ciuffreda","year":"1997","unstructured":"Ciuffreda KJ, Rosenfield M, Chen HW (1997) The AC\/a ratio, age and presbyopia. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 17:307\u2013315","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Physiol Opt"},{"key":"4115_CR36","first-page":"2469","volume":"41","author":"DO Mutti","year":"2000","unstructured":"Mutti DO, Jones LA, Moeschberger ML, Zadnik K (2000) AC\/A ratio, age, and refractive error in children. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 41:2469\u20132478","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"4115_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-010-1570-z","volume":"249","author":"R Jim\u00e9nez","year":"2011","unstructured":"Jim\u00e9nez R, Mart\u00ednez-Almeida L, Salas C, Ort\u00edz C (2011) Contact lenses vs spectacles in myopes: is there any difference in accommodative and binocular function? Graefe\u2019s Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 249:925\u2013935. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00417-010-1570-z","journal-title":"Graefe\u2019s Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"4115_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1475-1313.2002.00015.x","volume":"22","author":"AH Chen","year":"2002","unstructured":"Chen AH, O\u2019Leary DJ (2002) Are there age differences in the accommodative response curve between 3 and 14 years of age? Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 22:119\u2013125","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Physiol Opt"},{"key":"4115_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.09-3653","volume":"51","author":"HA Anderson","year":"2010","unstructured":"Anderson HA, Glasser A, Manny RE, Stuebing KK (2010) Age-related changes in accommodative dynamics from preschool to adulthood. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 51:614\u2013622. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1167\/iovs.09-3653","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"4115_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-1313.2010.00818.x","volume":"31","author":"V Sreenivasan","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sreenivasan V, Irving EL, Bobier WR (2011) Effect of near adds on the variability of accommodative response in myopic children. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 31:145\u2013154. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1475-1313.2010.00818.x","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Physiol Opt"},{"key":"4115_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1643","DOI":"10.1016\/S0042-6989(97)00336-2","volume":"38","author":"JA Mordi","year":"1998","unstructured":"Mordi JA, Ciuffreda KJ (1998) Static aspects of accommodation: age and presbyopia. Vis Res 38:1643\u20131653","journal-title":"Vis Res"},{"key":"4115_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-1313.2008.00611.x","volume":"29","author":"WN Charman","year":"2009","unstructured":"Charman WN, Radhakrishnan H (2009) Accommodation, pupil diameter and myopia. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 29:72\u201379. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1475-1313.2008.00611.x","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Physiol Opt"},{"key":"4115_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/S0275-5408(97)00072-0","volume":"18","author":"ML Abbott","year":"1998","unstructured":"Abbott ML, Schmid KL, Strang NC (1998) Differences in the accommodation stimulus response curves of adult myopes and emmetropes. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 18:13\u201320","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Physiol Opt"},{"key":"4115_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1475-1313.1999.00433.x","volume":"19","author":"TT Norton","year":"1999","unstructured":"Norton TT, Gamlin PD (1999) The near response, emmetropia and myopia. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 19:79\u201380","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Physiol Opt"},{"key":"4115_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.05-0888","volume":"47","author":"DO Mutti","year":"2006","unstructured":"Mutti DO, Mitchell GL, Hayes JR, Jones LA, Moeschberger ML, Cotter SA et al (2006) Accommodative lag before and after the onset of myopia. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 47:837\u2013846","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"4115_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0000000000001044","volume":"94","author":"CR Gong","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gong CR, Troilo D, Richdale K (2017) Accommodation and phoria in children wearing multifocal contact lenses. Optom Vis Sci 94:353\u2013360. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/OPX.0000000000001044.","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"key":"4115_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1097\/ICL.0000000000000222","volume":"42","author":"J Paune","year":"2016","unstructured":"Paune J, Thivent S, Armengol J, Quevedo L, Faria-Ribeiro M, Gonzalez-Meijome JM (2016) Changes in peripheral refraction, higher-order aberrations, and accommodative lag with a radial refractive gradient contact lens in young myopes. Eye Contact Lens 42:380\u2013387. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/icl.0000000000000222","journal-title":"Eye Contact Lens"},{"key":"4115_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1097\/00006324-198602000-00009","volume":"63","author":"DA Goss","year":"1986","unstructured":"Goss DA (1986) Effect of bifocal lenses on the rate of childhood myopia progression. Am J Optom Physiol Optic 63:135\u2013141","journal-title":"Am J Optom Physiol Optic"},{"key":"4115_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1097\/00006324-199008000-00015","volume":"67","author":"DA Goss","year":"1990","unstructured":"Goss DA, Grosvenor T (1990) Rates of childhood myopia progression with bifocals as a function of nearpoint phoria: consistency of three studies. Optom Vis Sci 67:637\u2013640","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"key":"4115_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1097\/00006324-200008000-00006","volume":"77","author":"GW Fulk","year":"2000","unstructured":"Fulk GW, Cyert LA, Parker DE (2000) A randomized trial of the effect of single-vision vs. bifocal lenses on myopia progression in children with esophoria. Optom Vis Sci 77:395\u2013401","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"}],"container-title":["Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00417-018-4115-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00417-018-4115-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00417-018-4115-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,7]],"date-time":"2019-09-07T19:26:29Z","timestamp":1567884389000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00417-018-4115-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,8]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]}},"alternative-id":["4115"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00417-018-4115-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["0721-832X","1435-702X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0721-832X","type":"print"},{"value":"1435-702X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"12 June 2018","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 July 2018","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 August 2018","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 September 2018","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and\/or national research committee (CEI-R, Regional Research Ethics Committee of the Community of Madrid, Spain) and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}}]}}