{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T09:32:37Z","timestamp":1781775157167,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,14]],"date-time":"2019-05-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1557792000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,14]],"date-time":"2019-05-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1557792000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-019-04326-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,14]],"date-time":"2019-05-14T06:35:41Z","timestamp":1557815741000},"page":"1393-1399","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Optical coherence tomography angiography analysis of the choriocapillary layer in treatment-na\u00efve diabetic eyes"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"257","author":[{"given":"Jingyuan","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erqian","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinyu","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Song","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingzhen","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7231-5058","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Youxin","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"4326_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.2337\/dc11-1909","volume":"35","author":"JW Yau","year":"2012","unstructured":"Yau JW, Rogers SL, Kawasaki R, Lamoureux EL, Kowalski JW, Bek T, Chen SJ, Dekker JM, Fletcher A, Grauslund J, Haffner S, Hamman RF, Ikram MK, Kayama T, Klein BE, Klein R, Krishnaiah S, Mayurasakorn K, O'Hare JP, Orchard TJ, Porta M, Rema M, Roy MS, Sharma T, Shaw J, Taylor H, Tielsch JM, Varma R, Wang JJ, Wang N, West S, Xu L, Yasuda M, Zhang X, Mitchell P, Wong TY (2012) Global prevalence and major risk factors of diabetic retinopathy. Diabetes Care 35:556\u2013564. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/dc11-1909","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"4326_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1227","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1005073","volume":"366","author":"DA Antonetti","year":"2012","unstructured":"Antonetti DA, Klein R, Gardner TW (2012) Diabetic retinopathy. N Engl J Med 366:1227\u20131239. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMra1005073","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"4326_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1016\/S1350-9462(01)00005-2","volume":"20","author":"SS Hayreh","year":"2001","unstructured":"Hayreh SS (2001) Blood flow in the optic nerve head and factors that may influence it. Prog Retin Eye Res 20:595\u2013624","journal-title":"Prog Retin Eye Res"},{"key":"4326_CR4","first-page":"3799","volume":"35","author":"DS McLeod","year":"1994","unstructured":"McLeod DS, Lutty GA (1994) High-resolution histologic analysis of the human choroidal vasculature. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 35:3799\u20133811","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"4326_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"Orsf81","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.13-12979","volume":"54","author":"GA Lutty","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lutty GA (2013) Effects of diabetes on the eye. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 54:Orsf81\u2013Orsf87. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1167\/iovs.13-12979","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"4326_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1369","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2007.136028","volume":"92","author":"A Takahashi","year":"2008","unstructured":"Takahashi A, Nagaoka T, Sato E, Yoshida A (2008) Effect of panretinal photocoagulation on choroidal circulation in the foveal region in patients with severe diabetic retinopathy. Br J Ophthalmol 92:1369\u20131373. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bjo.2007.136028","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"4326_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1080\/17434440.2016.1186540","volume":"13","author":"R Agrawal","year":"2016","unstructured":"Agrawal R, Xin W, Keane PA, Chhablani J, Agarwal A (2016) Optical coherence tomography angiography: a non-invasive tool to image end-arterial system. Expert Rev Med Devices 13:519\u2013521. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/17434440.2016.1186540","journal-title":"Expert Rev Med Devices"},{"key":"4326_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1435","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2014.01.034","volume":"121","author":"Y Jia","year":"2014","unstructured":"Jia Y, Bailey ST, Wilson DJ, Tan O, Klein ML, Flaxel CJ, Potsaid B, Liu JJ, Lu CD, Kraus MF, Fujimoto JG, Huang D (2014) Quantitative optical coherence tomography angiography of choroidal neovascularization in age-related macular degeneration. Ophthalmology 121:1435\u20131444. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ophtha.2014.01.034","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"4326_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000001250","volume":"37","author":"W Choi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Choi W, Waheed NK, Moult EM, Adhi M, Lee B, De Carlo T, Jayaraman V, Baumal CR, Duker JS, Fujimoto JG (2017) Ultrahigh speed swept source optical coherence tomography angiography of retinal and choriocapillaris alterations in diabetic patients with and without retinopathy. Retina (Philadelphia, Pa) 37:11\u201321. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/iae.0000000000001250","journal-title":"Retina (Philadelphia, Pa)"},{"key":"4326_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Conti FF, Qin VL, Rodrigues EB, Sharma S, Rachitskaya AV, Ehlers JP, Singh RP (2018) Choriocapillaris and retinal vascular plexus density of diabetic eyes using split-spectrum amplitude decorrelation spectral-domain optical coherence tomography angiography. Br J Ophthalmol 103:452\u2013456. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2018-311903","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2018-311903"},{"key":"4326_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"Bio307","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.17-21787","volume":"58","author":"PL Nesper","year":"2017","unstructured":"Nesper PL, Roberts PK, Onishi AC, Chai H, Liu L, Jampol LM, Fawzi AA (2017) Quantifying microvascular abnormalities with increasing severity of diabetic retinopathy using optical coherence tomography angiography. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 58:Bio307\u2013bio315. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1167\/iovs.17-21787","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"4326_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1007\/s00592-017-0996-8","volume":"54","author":"A Carnevali","year":"2017","unstructured":"Carnevali A, Sacconi R, Corbelli E, Tomasso L, Querques L, Zerbini G, Scorcia V, Bandello F, Querques G (2017) Optical coherence tomography angiography analysis of retinal vascular plexuses and choriocapillaris in patients with type 1 diabetes without diabetic retinopathy. Acta Diabetol 54:695\u2013702. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00592-017-0996-8","journal-title":"Acta Diabetol"},{"key":"4326_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12897","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-31321-9","volume":"8","author":"HB Lim","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lim HB, Kim YW, Kim JM, Jo YJ, Kim JY (2018) The importance of signal strength in quantitative assessment of retinal vessel density using optical coherence tomography angiography. Sci Rep 8:12897. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-018-31321-9","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"4326_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-150-9-200905050-00006","volume":"150","author":"AS Levey","year":"2009","unstructured":"Levey AS, Stevens LA, Schmid CH, Zhang YL, Castro AF 3rd, Feldman HI, Kusek JW, Eggers P, Van Lente F, Greene T, Coresh J (2009) A new equation to estimate glomerular filtration rate. Ann Intern Med 150:604\u2013612","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"4326_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1364\/BOE.7.000816","volume":"7","author":"M Zhang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zhang M, Hwang TS, Campbell JP, Bailey ST, Wilson DJ, Huang D, Jia Y (2016) Projection-resolved optical coherence tomographic angiography. Biomed Opt Express 7:816\u2013828. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/boe.7.000816","journal-title":"Biomed Opt Express"},{"key":"4326_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(14)70863-3","volume":"124","author":"I Fukushima","year":"1997","unstructured":"Fukushima I, McLeod DS, Lutty GA (1997) Intrachoroidal microvascular abnormality: a previously unrecognized form of choroidal neovascularization. Am J Ophthalmol 124:473\u2013487","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"4326_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(02)01323-5","volume":"133","author":"H Funatsu","year":"2002","unstructured":"Funatsu H, Yamashita H, Ikeda T, Nakanishi Y, Kitano S, Hori S (2002) Angiotensin II and vascular endothelial growth factor in the vitreous fluid of patients with diabetic macular edema and other retinal disorders. Am J Ophthalmol 133:537\u2013543","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"4326_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1453","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-016-3360-8","volume":"254","author":"D Melancia","year":"2016","unstructured":"Melancia D, Vicente A, Cunha JP, Abegao Pinto L, Ferreira J (2016) Diabetic choroidopathy: a review of the current literature. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 254:1453\u20131461. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00417-016-3360-8","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"4326_CR19","first-page":"356","volume":"23","author":"SK Paine","year":"2017","unstructured":"Paine SK, Mondal LK, Borah PK, Bhattacharya CK, Mahanta J (2017) Pro- and antiangiogenic VEGF and its receptor status for the severity of diabetic retinopathy. Mol Vis 23:356\u2013363","journal-title":"Mol Vis"},{"key":"4326_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2016.5877","volume":"135","author":"DSW Ting","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ting DSW, Tan GSW, Agrawal R, Yanagi Y, Sie NM, Wong CW, San Yeo IY, Lee SY, Cheung CMG, Wong TY (2017) Optical coherence tomographic angiography in type 2 diabetes and diabetic retinopathy. JAMA Ophthalmol 135:306\u2013312. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2016.5877","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol"},{"key":"4326_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0202103","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0202103","volume":"13","author":"DH Lee","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lee DH, Yi HC, Bae SH, Cho JH, Choi SW, Kim H (2018) Risk factors for retinal microvascular impairment in type 2 diabetic patients without diabetic retinopathy. PLoS One 13:e0202103. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0202103","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"4326_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2667","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.96.8.2667","volume":"96","author":"E Van Belle","year":"1997","unstructured":"Van Belle E, Rivard A, Chen D, Silver M, Bunting S, Ferrara N, Symes JF, Bauters C, Isner JM (1997) Hypercholesterolemia attenuates angiogenesis but does not preclude augmentation by angiogenic cytokines. Circulation 96:2667\u20132674","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"4326_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1111\/eci.12781","volume":"47","author":"BK Pedersen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Pedersen BK (2017) Anti-inflammatory effects of exercise: role in diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Eur J Clin Investig 47:600\u2013611. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/eci.12781","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Investig"},{"key":"4326_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2007.07.066","volume":"85","author":"T Ohno","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ohno T, Takamoto S, Motomura N (2008) Diabetic retinopathy and coronary artery disease from the cardiac surgeon\u2019s perspective. Ann Thorac Surg 85:681\u2013689. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2007.07.066","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"4326_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1177\/1074248413504994","volume":"19","author":"S Pant","year":"2014","unstructured":"Pant S, Deshmukh A, Gurumurthy GS, Pothineni NV, Watts TE, Romeo F, Mehta JL (2014) Inflammation and atherosclerosis--revisited. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther 19:170\u2013178. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1074248413504994","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"4326_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2017.5202","volume":"136","author":"YT Hsieh","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hsieh YT, Tsai MJ, Tu ST, Hsieh MC (2018) Association of abnormal renal profiles and proliferative diabetic retinopathy and diabetic macular edema in an Asian population with type 2 diabetes. JAMA Ophthalmol 136:68\u201374. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2017.5202","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol"},{"key":"4326_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1900\/RDS.2013.10.121","volume":"10","author":"YC Chang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Chang YC, Wu WC (2013) Dyslipidemia and diabetic retinopathy. Rev Diabet Stud 10:121\u2013132. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1900\/rds.2013.10.121","journal-title":"Rev Diabet Stud"},{"key":"4326_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e86976","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.86976","volume":"1","author":"KM Sas","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sas KM, Kayampilly P, Byun J, Nair V, Hinder LM, Hur J, Zhang H, Lin C, Qi NR, Michailidis G, Groop PH, Nelson RG, Darshi M, Sharma K, Schelling JR, Sedor JR, Pop-Busui R, Weinberg JM, Soleimanpour SA, Abcouwer SF, Gardner TW, Burant CF, Feldman EL, Kretzler M, Brosius FC 3rd, Pennathur S (2016) Tissue-specific metabolic reprogramming drives nutrient flux in diabetic complications. JCI Insight 1:e86976. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1172\/jci.insight.86976","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"4326_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.50.2.444","volume":"50","author":"I Suzuma","year":"2001","unstructured":"Suzuma I, Hata Y, Clermont A, Pokras F, Rook SL, Suzuma K, Feener EP, Aiello LP (2001) Cyclic stretch and hypertension induce retinal expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2: potential mechanisms for exacerbation of diabetic retinopathy by hypertension. Diabetes 50:444\u2013454","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"4326_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2012-302393","volume":"97","author":"S Sizmaz","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sizmaz S, Kucukerdonmez C, Pinarci EY, Karalezli A, Canan H, Yilmaz G (2013) The effect of smoking on choroidal thickness measured by optical coherence tomography. Br J Ophthalmol 97:601\u2013604. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2012-302393","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"4326_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.4274\/tjo.galenos.2018.80588","volume":"49","author":"K Teberik","year":"2019","unstructured":"Teberik K (2019) The effect of smoking on macular, choroidal, and retina nerve fiber layer thickness. Turk J Ophthalmol 49:20\u201324. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4274\/tjo.galenos.2018.80588","journal-title":"Turk J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"4326_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1275","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-018-5144-5","volume":"18","author":"T Remen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Remen T, Pintos J, Abrahamowicz M, Siemiatycki J (2018) Risk of lung cancer in relation to various metrics of smoking history: a case-control study in Montreal. BMC Cancer 18:1275. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12885-018-5144-5","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"}],"container-title":["Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00417-019-04326-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00417-019-04326-x\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00417-019-04326-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,12]],"date-time":"2020-05-12T23:11:39Z","timestamp":1589325099000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00417-019-04326-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,14]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]}},"alternative-id":["4326"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00417-019-04326-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["0721-832X","1435-702X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0721-832X","type":"print"},{"value":"1435-702X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"9 January 2019","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 April 2019","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 April 2019","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 May 2019","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"All applicable international, national, and\/or institutional guidelines for the care and use of animals were followed. All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and\/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}}]}}