{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T11:32:10Z","timestamp":1781523130674,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,3]],"date-time":"2020-01-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1578009600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,3]],"date-time":"2020-01-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1578009600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009880","name":"Regione Lazio","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["grant n. A0114-2017-13715"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["grant n. A0114-2017-13715"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009880","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,4]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-019-04595-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,20]],"date-time":"2020-10-20T08:04:01Z","timestamp":1603181041000},"page":"829-834","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Comparison between standard and transepithelial corneal crosslinking using a theranostic UV-A device"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"258","author":[{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Lombardo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sebastiano","family":"Serrao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8842-7102","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Lombardo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"4595_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.15-18651","volume":"57","author":"M Lombardo","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lombardo M, Micali N, Villari V et al (2016) All-optical method to assess stromal concentration of riboflavin in conventional and accelerated UV-A irradiation of the human cornea. Invest Opthalmol Vis Sci 57:476\u2013483","journal-title":"Invest Opthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"4595_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2017.03.026","volume":"43","author":"G Lombardo","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lombardo G, Micali NL, Villari V et al (2017) Assessment of stromal riboflavin concentration-depth profile in nanotechnology-based transepithelial corneal cross-linking. J Cataract Refract Surg 43:680\u2013686","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"4595_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7908","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.15-17569","volume":"56","author":"DM Gore","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gore DM, O'Brart DP, French P et al (2015) Comparison of different corneal iontophoresis protocols for promoting transepithelial riboflavin penetration. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 56:7908\u20137914","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"4595_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e201800028","DOI":"10.1002\/jbio.201800028","volume":"11","author":"G Lombardo","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lombardo G, Villari V, Micali N et al (2018) Non-invasive optical method for real-time assessment of intracorneal riboflavin concentration and efficacy of corneal crosslinking. J Biophotonics 11:e201800028","journal-title":"J Biophotonics"},{"key":"4595_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2018.07.062","volume":"45","author":"M Lombardo","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lombardo M, Lombardo G (2019) Non-invasive and real time assessment of riboflavin consumption in standard and accelerated corneal crosslinking. J Cataract Refract Surg 45:80\u201386","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"4595_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2016.01.040","volume":"42","author":"E Rosenblat","year":"2016","unstructured":"Rosenblat E, Hersh PS (2016) Intraoperative corneal thickness change and clinical outcomes after corneal collagen crosslinking: standard crosslinking versus hypotonic riboflavin. J Cataract Refract Surg 42:596\u2013605","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"4595_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0b013e31821e4286","volume":"31","author":"V Kaya","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kaya V, Utine CA, Y\u0131lmaz \u00d6F (2012) Intraoperative corneal thickness measurements during corneal collagen cross-linking with hypoosmolar riboflavin solution in thin corneas. Cornea 31:486\u2013490","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"4595_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0000000000000486","volume":"92","author":"N Soeters","year":"2015","unstructured":"Soeters N, Tahzib NG (2015) Standard and hypoosmolar corneal crosslinking in various pachymetry groups. Optom Vis Sci 92:329\u2013336","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"key":"4595_CR9","first-page":"754182","volume":"2014","author":"S Gu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gu S, Fan Z, Wang L et al (2014) Corneal collagen crosslinking with hypoosmolar riboflavin solution in keratoconic corneas. Biomed Res Int 2014:754182","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"key":"4595_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2014.12.013","volume":"41","author":"M Lombardo","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lombardo M, Pucci G, Barberi R et al (2015) Interaction of ultraviolet light with the cornea: clinical implications for corneal crosslinking. J Cataract Refract Surg 41:446\u2013459","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"4595_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2009.01.009","volume":"35","author":"S Baiocchi","year":"2009","unstructured":"Baiocchi S, Mazzotta C, Cerretani D et al (2009) Corneal crosslinking: riboflavin concentration in corneal stroma exposed with and without epithelium. J Cataract Refract Surg 35:893\u2013899","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"4595_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2283","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2015.11.007","volume":"41","author":"M Lombardo","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lombardo M, Micali N, Villari V et al (2015) Ultraviolet a - visible spectral absorbance of the human cornea after transepithelial soaking with dextran-enriched and dextran-free riboflavin 0.1% ophthalmic solutions. J cataract refract Surg 41:2283\u20132290","journal-title":"J cataract refract Surg"},{"key":"4595_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2013.03.026","volume":"39","author":"A Caporossi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Caporossi A, Mazzotta C, Paradiso AL et al (2013) Transepithelial corneal collagen crosslinking for progressive keratoconus: 24-month clinical results. J Cataract Refract Surg 39:1157\u20131163","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"4595_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2015.02.005","volume":"159","author":"N Soeters","year":"2015","unstructured":"Soeters N, Wisse RP, Godefrooij DA et al (2015) Transepithelial versus epithelium-off corneal cross-linking for the treatment of progressive keratoconus: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Ophthalmol 159:821\u20138.e3","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"4595_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2014.230","volume":"29","author":"Z Shalchi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Shalchi Z, Wang X, Nanavaty MA (2015) Safety and efficacy of epithelium removal and transepithelial corneal collagen crosslinking for keratoconus. Eye (Lond) 29:15\u201329","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"key":"4595_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1706","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2014.04.024","volume":"40","author":"M Lombardo","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lombardo M, Serrao S, Rosati M et al (2014) Biomechanical changes of the human cornea following transepithelial corneal cross-linking using iontophoresis. J Cataract Surg 40:1706\u20131715","journal-title":"J Cataract Surg"},{"key":"4595_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2013.11.018","volume":"157","author":"L Mastropasqua","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mastropasqua L, Nubile M, Calienno E et al (2014) Corneal crosslinking: intrastromal riboflavin concentration in iontophoresis-assisted imbibition versus traditional and transepithelial techniques. Am J Ophthalmol 157:623\u201330.e1","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"4595_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.13-12595","volume":"57","author":"M Cassagne","year":"2016","unstructured":"Cassagne M, Laurent C, Rodrigues M et al (2016) Iontophoresis transcorneal delivery technique for transepithelial corneal collagen crosslinking with riboflavin in a rabbit model. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 57:594\u2013603","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"4595_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2014.07.031","volume":"41","author":"M Lombardo","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lombardo M, Serrao S, Carbone G et al (2015) Corneal light backscattering following transepithelial corneal cross-linking using iontophoresis in donor human corneal tissues. J Cataract Refract Surg 41:635\u2013643","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"4595_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1002\/andp.18591841002","volume":"108","author":"RW Bunsen","year":"1859","unstructured":"Bunsen RW, Roscoe HE (1859) Photochemische untersuchungen. Ann Phys 108(2):193","journal-title":"Ann Phys"},{"key":"4595_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1086\/140669","volume":"11","author":"K Schwarzschild","year":"1900","unstructured":"Schwarzschild K (1900) On the law of reciprocity for bromide of silver gelatine. Astrophys J 11:89\u201391","journal-title":"Astrophys J"},{"key":"4595_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1040","DOI":"10.3109\/02713683.2010.506969","volume":"35","author":"E Spoerl","year":"2010","unstructured":"Spoerl E, Raiskup F, Kampik D et al (2010) Correlation between UV absorption and riboflavin concentration in different depths of the corneal and CXL. Curr Eye Res 35:1040\u20131041","journal-title":"Curr Eye Res"},{"key":"4595_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2360","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.11-9385","volume":"53","author":"P Kamaev","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kamaev P, Friedman MD, Sherr E, Muller D (2012) Photochemical kinetics of corneal cross-linking with riboflavin. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 53:2360\u20132367","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"4595_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2439","DOI":"10.1096\/fasebj.6.7.1348714","volume":"6","author":"K Reiser","year":"1992","unstructured":"Reiser K, McCormick RJ, Rucker RB (1992) Enzymatic and nonenzymatic cross-linking of collagen and elastin. FASEB J 6:2439\u20132449","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"4595_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.09-3738","volume":"51","author":"AS McCall","year":"2010","unstructured":"McCall AS, Kraft S, Edelhauser HF et al (2010) Mechanisms of corneal tissue cross-linking in response to treatment with topical riboflavin and long-wavelength ultraviolet radiation (UVA). Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 51:129\u2013138","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"4595_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0175002","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0175002","volume":"12","author":"J-T Lin","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lin J-T, Cheng D-C (2017) Modeling the efficacy profiles of UV-light activated corneal collagen crosslinking. PLoS One 12(4):e0175002","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"4595_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.17-23414","volume":"59","author":"J-T Lin","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lin J-T (2018) A proposed concentration-controlled new protocol for optimal corneal crosslinking efficacy in the anterior stroma. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 59:431\u2013432","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"4595_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e109","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.12884","volume":"94","author":"S Hayes","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hayes S, Morgan SR, O'Brart DP et al (2016) A study of stromal riboflavin absorption in ex vivo porcine corneas using new and existing delivery protocols for corneal cross-linking. Acta Ophthalmol 94:e109\u2013e117","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol"},{"key":"4595_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.3928\/1081597X-20100604-01","volume":"27","author":"HP Iseli","year":"2010","unstructured":"Iseli HP, Popp M, Seiler T et al (2010) Laboratory measurement of the absorption coefficient of riboflavin for ultraviolet light (365 nm). J Refract Surg 27:195\u2013201","journal-title":"J Refract Surg"},{"key":"4595_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2017.01.040","volume":"124","author":"M Lombardo","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lombardo M, Giannini D, Lombardo G et al (2017) Randomized controlled trial comparing transepithelial corneal cross-linking using iontophoresis with the Dresden protocol in progressive keratoconus. Ophthalmology 124:804\u2013812","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"4595_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.3928\/1081597X-20160629-02","volume":"32","author":"P Vinciguerra","year":"2016","unstructured":"Vinciguerra P, Romano V, Rosetta P et al (2016) Transepithelial Iontophoresis versus standard corneal collagen cross-linking: 1-year results of a prospective clinical study. J Refract Surg 32:672\u2013678","journal-title":"J Refract Surg"},{"key":"4595_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e600","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.13032","volume":"94","author":"G Bikbova","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bikbova G, Bikbov M (2016) Standard corneal collagen crosslinking versus transepithelial iontophoresis-assisted corneal crosslinking, 24 months follow-up: randomized control trial. Acta Ophthalmol 94:e600\u2013e606","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"7","key":"4595_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"992","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2019.01.026","volume":"45","author":"M Lombardo","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lombardo M, Serrao S, Lombardo G et al (2019) Two years outcomes of a randomized controlled trial of transepithelial corneal cross-linking with iontophoresis for keratoconus. J Cataract Refract Surg 45(7):992\u20131000","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"}],"container-title":["Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00417-019-04595-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00417-019-04595-6\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00417-019-04595-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,23]],"date-time":"2022-11-23T23:48:03Z","timestamp":1669247283000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00417-019-04595-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,3]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,4]]}},"alternative-id":["4595"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00417-019-04595-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["0721-832X","1435-702X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0721-832X","type":"print"},{"value":"1435-702X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"29 August 2019","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 December 2019","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 December 2019","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 January 2020","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"Marco Lombardo and Giuseppe Lombardo declare that they are co-inventors on an issued patent (IT102016000007349) and a pending patent application (WO2017130043A1) related to this work and that they are shareholders of Vision Engineering Italy srl. Sebastiano Serrao declares that he has no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}}]}}