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Visual acuity, corneal tomography, anterior segment optical coherence tomography, in vivo corneal confocal microscopy (IVCM), and endothelial cell count (ECC) were performed preoperatively and 5\u00a0years postoperatively.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Sixty-eight patients with a mean age of (24.3\u2009\u00b1\u20093.8) years were included, 34 for each group. After CXL, UCVA or BCVA remained stable, while the spherical diopter, cylinder diopter, spherical equivalent, and <jats:italic>K<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub> significantly decreased at 1, 2, and 3\u00a0years in both groups than baseline (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). No significant differences were found in any refractive or tomographic parameters as well as the minimal corneal thickness between groups during follow-up. At 5\u00a0years, <jats:italic>K<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub> was slightly higher in EI-CXL group (58.16\u2009\u00b1\u20096.28) than that of C-CXL group (57.46\u2009\u00b1\u20094.98). At 3 and 5\u00a0years, the minimal corneal thickness in C-CXL group was still significantly lower than baseline (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). IVCM demonstrated the demarcation zone at a mean depth of (302.0\u2009\u00b1\u200941.7) \u03bcm after C-CXL, and at (251.2\u2009\u00b1\u200928.1) \u03bcm after EI-CXL (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Keratocyte repopulation was detectable at all follow-up timepoint in both groups. Postoperative complications including progression were recorded in 6 patients (11.7%) after C-CXL and 3 patients (8.8%) after EI-CXL. ECC remained stable in both groups.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>EI-CXL showed approximate efficacy with C-CXL in stabilizing progressive keratoconus in adults. EI-CXL has the potential to be a preferable transepithelial protocol.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-020-04861-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,28]],"date-time":"2020-07-28T23:06:52Z","timestamp":1595977612000},"page":"239-246","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Transepithelial corneal cross-linking assisted by two continuous cycles of iontophoresis for progressive keratoconus in adults: retrospective 5-year analysis"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"259","author":[{"given":"Huping","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shunrong","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xie","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xumin","family":"Shang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhiwen","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xianwen","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8201-4902","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhirong","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zuguo","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"4861_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.5301\/ejo.5000916","volume":"27","author":"DPS O'Brart","year":"2017","unstructured":"O'Brart DPS (2017) Corneal collagen crosslinking for corneal ectasias: a review. 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