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The aim of our study was to observe changes in optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) that would be attributed to TES treatment.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A total of 73 eyes were included: 43 eyes of 22 subjects (11 \u2640, 11 \u2642) suffering from RP were examined at baseline (BL), after first stimulation (TS), 1\u00a0week (1W), and 6\u00a0months (6M) after treatment initiation and were compared with 30 control eyes of 15 subjects (8 \u2640, 7 \u2642). TES was performed simultaneously on both eyes for 30\u00a0min weekly. OCTA scans of 9\u2009\u00d7\u200915\u00a0mm were recorded with a PLEX Elite 9000 swept-source OCTA device (Carl Zeiss Meditec AG, Jena). Vascular density metrics such as perfusion density (PD) and vessel density (VD) were calculated automatically for the macular area by using standardised extended early treatment diabetic retinopathy study (ETDRS) grids centred around the fovea. In addition, the capillary perfusion density (CPD) and the capillary flux index (CFI) of the peripapillary nerve fibre layer microvasculature in all four quadrants of an annulus centred at the optic disc were measured. All parameters were determined over all retinal layers and separately for the superficial (SCP) and deep capillary plexus (DCP). ANOVA-based linear mixed-effects models were calculated with SPSS\u00ae.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Throughout the course of TES treatment, the macular VD and PD of all retinal layers in all subsections showed a slight decrement without reaching statistical significance, also when analysed separately in the SCP and DCP (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&gt;\u20090.08). In analogy, the average CPD and CFI also presented with a slight decrement (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&gt;\u20090.20). However, when compared with controls, most OCTA parameters showed a significant decrement (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). When analysed systematically in all subsections of the extended ETDRS grid, the temporal macular subsections within the outer ring (radius 1.5\u20133\u00a0mm) and also of the peripheral C1, C2, and C3 rings (radius 3\u20137.5\u00a0mm) showed lower VD and PD values when compared with the other subsections (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Vascular density metrics in the macular region and the peripapillary microvasculature appear to remain unaffected by continuous TES treatment within a period of 6\u00a0months.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-020-04963-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,10]],"date-time":"2020-10-10T06:03:01Z","timestamp":1602309781000},"page":"1167-1177","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Optical coherence tomography angiography findings in patients undergoing transcorneal electrical stimulation for treating retinitis pigmentosa"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"259","author":[{"given":"Olga","family":"Zabek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanna","family":"Camenzind Zuche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ursula","family":"M\u00fcller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hendrik P. 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Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd.; Novartis Pharma AG (CORE); and Retinagenix LLC. Dr. Scholl is a paid consultant of Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co, Gerson Lehrman Group, and Guidepoint.Dr. Scholl is member of the Data Monitoring and Safety Board\/Committee of ReNeuron Group Plc\/Ora Inc. and member of the Steering Committee of Novo Nordisk (FOCUS trial).Dr. Scholl is co-director of the Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel (IOB) which is constituted as a non-profit foundation and receives funding from the University of Basel, the University Hospital Basel, Novartis, and the government of Basel-Stadt.These arrangements have been reviewed and approved by the Johns Hopkins University in accordance with its conflict of interest policies. Johns Hopkins University and Bayer Pharma AG have an active research collaboration and option agreement. These arrangements have also been reviewed and approved by the University of Basel (Universit\u00e4tsspital Basel, USB) in accordance with its conflict of interest policies.Dr. Hendrik Scholl is a principal investigator of grants at the USB sponsored by the following entity: IVERIC bio (Ophthotech Corporation), Kinarus AG, and Novartis Pharma AG. Grants at USB are negotiated and administered by the institution (USB) which receives them on its proper accounts. Individual investigators who participate in the sponsored project(s) are not directly compensated by the sponsor but may receive salary or other support from the institution to support their effort on the project(s).All other authors certify that they have no affiliations with or involvement in any organisation or entity with any financial interest (such as honoraria; educational grants; participation in speakers\u2019 bureaus; membership, employment, consultancies, stock ownership, or other equity interest; and expert testimony or patent-licencing arrangements) or non-financial interest (such as personal or professional relationships, affiliations, knowledge, or beliefs) in the subject matter or materials discussed in this manuscript.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and\/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"Written informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}},{"value":"The sponsor had no role in the design or conduct of this research.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Disclaimer"}}]}}