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The HIE population was divided into three subgroups, based on the degree of encephalopathy according to Sarnat score and the treatment with therapeutic hypothermia (TH): Sarnat score I not treated with hypothermia, Sarnat score II-III treated with TH and Sarnat score II-III not subjected to TH. Total macular thickness, individual retinal layers and peripapillary nerve fibre layer thickness were measured with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. Clinical data of perinatal period of HIE children were collected: APGAR score, pH and base excess of funiculus blood at birth, apnoea duration, brain ultrasound, cerebral MRI ischaemic lesions and blood chemistry tests.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Children with Sarnat score I did not show a reduction of peripapillary nerve fibres and ganglion cell layer compared to the control group (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.387, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.316). Peripapillary nerve fibre layer was 109.06\u2009\u00b1\u20097.79\u00a0\u03bcm in children with Sarnat score II-III treated with TH, 108.31\u2009\u00b1\u20097.83\u00a0\u03bcm in subjects with Sarnat score II-III not subjected to TH and 114.27\u2009\u00b1\u20096.81\u00a0\u03bcm in the control group (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.028, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.007). Ganglion cell layer was thinner in children with Sarnat score II-III treated with TH (50.31\u2009\u00b1\u20095.13\u00a0\u03bcm) compared to the control group (54.04\u2009\u00b1\u20092.81\u00a0\u03bcm) (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.01). Inner retinal layers damage correlated with C-reactive protein and lactate dehydrogenase increase, while higher levels of total bilirubin were protective against retinal impairment (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Cerebral oedema was related to peripapillary nerve fibre layer damage (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.046).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Thickness reduction of inner retinal layer and peripapillary nerve fibre impairment was related to encephalopathy severity. Ocular damage was associated with inflammation and cerebral oedema following hypoxic\u2013ischaemic damage.<\/jats:p>\n                \n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-020-04996-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,3]],"date-time":"2020-11-03T10:02:46Z","timestamp":1604397766000},"page":"1343-1355","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Spectral-domain OCT changes in retina and optic nerve in children with hypoxic\u2013ischaemic encephalopathy"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"259","author":[{"given":"L.","family":"Grego","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Pignatto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Busolini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"Rassu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Samassa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Prosperi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Pittini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Cattarossi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3746-141X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paolo","family":"Lanzetta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"4996_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Martin JR, Fanaroff AA, Walsh MC (2011) Fanaroff and Martin\u2019s neonatal-perinatal medicine E-book: diseases of the fetus and infant, 9th. 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All authors, except PL, certify that they have no affiliations with or involvement in any organisation or entity with any financial interest (such as honoraria; educational grants; participation in speakers\u2019 bureaus; membership, employment, consultancies, stock ownership, or other equity interest and expert testimony or patent-licencing arrangements), or non-financial interest (such as personal or professional relationships, affiliations, knowledge or beliefs) in the subject matter or materials discussed in this manuscript.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"All procedures performed in the study involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the regional ethics committee (CEUR) and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"Informed consent was obtained from parents and tutors of all individual participants included in the study.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}}]}}