{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]],"date-time":"2026-03-02T22:19:56Z","timestamp":1772489996857,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,24]],"date-time":"2021-04-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619222400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,24]],"date-time":"2021-04-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619222400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Ministry of Education, Science and Culture of Japan","award":["a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research 15K10893"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research 15K10893"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Our previous 1-year pilot study evaluated the efficacy of intravitreally injected activated protein C (APC) in 10 eyes with ischemic central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO). The reperfusion of the areas of retinal nonperfusion (RNP) exceeded 50% of the baseline in five (50%) eyes 1\u00a0year after the APC injection. The current study evaluated the long-term efficacy and safety of intravitreal APC.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The 10 eyes in the pilot study were included in this study. Other treatments were administered at the physicians\u2019 discretion after the pilot study. We evaluated visual acuity (VA), central retinal thickness (CRT) and perfusion status, and adverse events and severity over the long term.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The median follow-up was 60\u00a0months (range, 48\u201368\u00a0months). Compared with baseline, the post-treatment VA improved significantly (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) from 1.39 to 1.06 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution. The CRT improved significantly (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) from 1090 to 195\u00a0\u03bcm at the last visit. The RNP areas decreased from an average 29.7 disc areas (DAs) at baseline to an average 16.5 DAs at the last examination (mean, 40\u2009\u00b1\u20096.5\u00a0months after the first APC treatment). No adverse events were related to intravitreal APC.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>No complications were associated with intravitreal APC, the clinical course improved, and improved RNP was maintained for the long term, suggesting that intravitreal APC may be an alternative treatment for CRVO.<\/jats:p>\n                \n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-021-05072-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,25]],"date-time":"2021-04-25T06:47:05Z","timestamp":1619333225000},"page":"2919-2927","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Long-term outcomes of intravitreal activated protein C injection for ischemic central retinal vein occlusion: an extension trial"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"259","author":[{"given":"Chikako","family":"Hara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7666-6456","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Motohiro","family":"Kamei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hirokazu","family":"Sakaguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nagakazu","family":"Matsumura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Susumu","family":"Sakimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mihoko","family":"Suzuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kentaro","family":"Nishida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yoko","family":"Fukushima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kohji","family":"Nishida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"5072_CR1","volume":"5","author":"T Braithwaite","year":"2014","unstructured":"Braithwaite T, Nanji AA, Lindsley K, Greenberg PB (2014) Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor for macular oedema secondary to central retinal vein occlusion. 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Dr. Hara affiliate Endowed department (Menicon) has received lecture fees from Alcon Pharma, Bayer, Santen, Pfizer, and Senju. Dr. Kamei has received grants and lecture fees from HOYA, AMO, Pfizer, Novartis (Alcon Pharma), Kowa, Santen, Senju, Ootsuka, RE Medical, Alcon, Bayer and NIDECK, grants from Handaya, Ellex, and Bausch & Lomb, and consulting fee from Astellas and Senju. Dr. Sakaguchi affiliate Endowed department (Menicon) and has lecture fees from Alcon Pharma, lecture fees from Nihon Alcon, personal fees from Santen, outside the submitted work. Dr. Kohji Nishida has received lecture fees from Alcon, Carl Zeiss, Otsuka, Pfizer, Santen, and Senju, and grants from HOYA and Santen. Dr. Matsumura, Dr. Kentaro Nishida, Dr. Suzuki Dr. Sakimoto and Dr. Fukushima have no disclosures.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"The Institutional Review Board approved the study protocol and the procedures conformed to the tenets of the World Medical Association\u2019s Declaration of Helsinki. Ten eyes of nine patients who had completed the previous 1-year prospective pilot study (UMIN000008976) were included.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"All patients provided informed consent after they received an adequate explanation of the procedures to be performed.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"The code during and\/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Code availability"}}]}}