{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]],"date-time":"2026-04-24T03:52:16Z","timestamp":1777002736336,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630454400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630454400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004702","name":"Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Genova","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004702","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The aim of this study is to evaluate the changes in macular blood flow index (BFI) in patients with moderate to severe thyroid-associated orbitopathy (TAO) before and after pulse therapy and their relationship with clinical features and disease activity using angio-OCT technology.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We analyzed twenty-four eyes. Every patient underwent a complete eye examination and angio-OCT analysis (OCT Topcon ImageNet 6; DRI OCT Triton, Topcon Corporation) before (T0) and two months (T2) after pulse therapy. We analyzed macular vascular blood flow in four angiographic levels: superficial plexus (SP), deep plexus (DP), external retina (ER), and choriocapillaris (CC). We used the clinical activity score (CAS) score to define TAO as moderate or severe.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Macular BFI significantly increased at T2 in the DP, ER, and CC (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01). CAS score (5.8\u2009\u00b1\u20090.8 vs. 3.9\u2009\u00b1\u20090.9, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01) and Hertel exophthalmometry values (22.6\u2009\u00b1\u20092.3\u00a0mm vs. 21.2\u2009\u00b1\u20092,5\u00a0mm, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01) improved for all patients at T2 compared T0. Mean IOP increased from 13.3\u2009\u00b1\u20092.8\u00a0mmHg to 14.3\u2009\u00b1\u20092.1\u00a0mmHg (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01). No correlation was found between CAS score and macular BFI in all the analyzed levels.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Pulse therapy treatment can change macular BFI. In particular, two months alter pulse therapy, all the patients show an increase in macular vascular blood flow in each angiographic level. According to our results, angio-OCT analysis of the macular BFI may be a useful tool in the follow-up of TAO patients after pulse therapy.<\/jats:p>\n                \n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-021-05336-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T06:02:43Z","timestamp":1630476163000},"page":"571-576","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Evaluation of macular blood flow after intermittent intravenous infusion of high-dose corticosteroids (pulse therapy) in patients with thyroid-associated orbitopathy (TAO) using angio-OCT"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"260","author":[{"given":"Chiara","family":"Del Noce","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matilde","family":"Roda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Ferro Desideri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carlo E.","family":"Traverso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9346-9267","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aldo","family":"Vagge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"5336_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2010.0417","volume":"21","author":"RS Bahn Chair","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bahn Chair RS, Burch HB, Cooper DS et al (2011) American Thyroid Association and American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists Hyperthyroidism and other causes of thyrotoxicosis: management guidelines of the American Thyroid Association and American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists. 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