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Manifest refractive and anterior corneal astigmatism, and ocular residual astigmatism which is mainly derived from internal optics were examined preoperatively, at approximately 2\u00a0months postoperatively (baseline) and at 5\u2009~\u200910\u00a0years postbaseline. The astigmatism was decomposed to vertical\/horizontal (Rx) and oblique components (Ry), which was compared between baseline and 5\u2009~\u200910\u00a0years postbaseline.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>In the eyes having ATR astigmatism, the mean Rx and Ry of the manifest refractive and corneal astigmatism significantly changed toward ATR astigmatism between the baseline and 5\u2009~\u200910\u00a0years postbaseline (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009\u2264\u20090.0304), but those of ocular residual astigmatism did not change significantly between the 2 time points. In the eyes having WTR astigmatism, the Rx and Ry of refractive, corneal, and ocular residual astigmatism did not change significantly between the 2 time points. Double-angle plots revealed an ATR shift in refractive and corneal astigmatism and no marked change in the ocular residual astigmatism in the eyes with ATR astigmatism, and there is no change in this astigmatism in the eyes with WTR astigmatism.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The long-term changes with age in the effect of a toric IOL significantly deteriorated due to an ATR shift of corneal astigmatism in the eyes having ATR astigmatism, while it was maintained in eyes having WTR astigmatism, suggesting that ATR astigmatism should be overcorrected.<\/jats:p>\n                \n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-021-05406-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,8]],"date-time":"2021-09-08T04:02:43Z","timestamp":1631073763000},"page":"509-519","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Long-term changes in the refractive effect of a toric intraocular lens on astigmatism correction"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"260","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7297-1477","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ken","family":"Hayashi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Motoaki","family":"Yoshida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shunsuke","family":"Hayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akira","family":"Hirata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"5406_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1004","DOI":"10.1001\/archophthalmol.2011.178","volume":"129","author":"M Goggin","year":"2011","unstructured":"Goggin M, Moore S, Esterman A (2011) Toric intraocular lens outcome using the manufacturer\u2019s prediction of corneal plane equivalent intraocular lens cylinder power. 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