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Although the most common cause of extraocular muscle enlargement is thyroid eye disease, a range of other inflammatory, infective, neoplastic, and vascular conditions can alter the size and shape of the extraocular muscles. Imaging with computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging plays an essential role in the workup of these conditions. This article provides an image-rich review of the wide range of pathology that can cause enlargement of the extraocular muscles.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-022-05727-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,17]],"date-time":"2022-06-17T09:10:07Z","timestamp":1655457007000},"page":"3419-3435","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["Extraocular muscle enlargement"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"260","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5986-6621","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Khizar","family":"Rana","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valerie","family":"Juniat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandy","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dinesh","family":"Selva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"5727_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1097\/00004728-197903060-00019","volume":"3","author":"DR Enzmann","year":"1979","unstructured":"Enzmann DR, Donaldson SS, Kriss JP (1979) Appearance of Graves\u2019 disease on orbital computed tomography. 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