{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T00:31:53Z","timestamp":1790641913779,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,27]],"date-time":"2023-04-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682553600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,27]],"date-time":"2023-04-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682553600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-023-06045-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,27]],"date-time":"2023-04-27T10:02:06Z","timestamp":1682589726000},"page":"3083-3095","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["The evolution of mechanism of accommodation and a novel hypothesis"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"261","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1638-0629","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guanghong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qian","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andy L.","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chao","family":"Qu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"6045_CR1","unstructured":"Kepler J (1611) Dioptrice, Augsburg"},{"key":"6045_CR2","unstructured":"Scheiner C ((1619)) Oculus, Innsbruck"},{"key":"6045_CR3","unstructured":"Descartes R ((1677)) Trait\u00e9 de l\u2019homme, Paris"},{"key":"6045_CR4","unstructured":"Lob\u00e9 JP ((1742)) Dissertatio de oculo humano. Lugd Batav:119"},{"key":"6045_CR5","first-page":"23","volume":"92","author":"T Young","year":"1801","unstructured":"Young T (1801) On the mechanism of the eye. Philos Trans 92:23\u201388","journal-title":"Philos Trans"},{"key":"6045_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02720789","volume":"1","author":"H von Helmholtz","year":"1855","unstructured":"von Helmholtz H (1855) \u00dcber die akommodation des auges. Albrecht Von Graefes Arch Klin Exp Ophthalmol 1:1\u201389","journal-title":"Albrecht Von Graefes Arch Klin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"6045_CR7","first-page":"160","volume-title":"Physiological optics","author":"M Tscherning","year":"1904","unstructured":"Tscherning M (1904) Physiological optics. Keystone, Philadelphia, pp 160\u2013189"},{"issue":"2","key":"6045_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1097\/00004397-200104000-00004","volume":"41","author":"RA Schachar","year":"2001","unstructured":"Schachar RA, Bax AJ (2001) Mechanism of accommodation. Int Ophthalmol Clin 41(2):17\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00004397-200104000-00004","journal-title":"Int Ophthalmol Clin"},{"issue":"3","key":"6045_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1097\/00004397-200604630-00006","volume":"46","author":"RA Schachar","year":"2006","unstructured":"Schachar RA (2006) The mechanism of accommodation and presbyopia. Int Ophthalmol Clin 46(3):39\u201361. Epub 2006\/08\/25. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00004397-200604630-00006","journal-title":"Int Ophthalmol Clin"},{"issue":"discussion 16-9","key":"6045_CR10","first-page":"401","volume":"91","author":"RS Wilson","year":"1993","unstructured":"Wilson RS (1993) A new theory of human accommodation: cilio-zonular compression of the lens equator. Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc 91(discussion 16-9):401\u2013416 Epub 1993\/01\/01","journal-title":"Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc"},{"key":"6045_CR11","first-page":"379","volume":"21","author":"Br\u00fccke v.","year":"1846","unstructured":"Br\u00fccke v. (1846) Uber das verhalter der optischen medien des auges gegen die Sonnenstrahlen. der Gesellschaft der Naturforscheden Freunde 21:379\u2013382","journal-title":"der Gesellschaft der Naturforscheden Freunde"},{"key":"6045_CR12","unstructured":"Listing JB (1853) Wagner\u2019s handw\u0151rterbuch. d Physiologie, Braunschweig, p 498"},{"issue":"12","key":"6045_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1167\/10.12.16","volume":"10","author":"DA Atchison","year":"2010","unstructured":"Atchison DA, Charman WN (2010) Thomas Young\u2019s contribution to visual optics: the Bakerian lecture \u201con the mechanism of the eye\u201d. J Vis 10(12):16. Epub 2010\/11\/05. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1167\/10.12.16","journal-title":"J Vis"},{"issue":"3","key":"6045_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1251","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.05-1086","volume":"47","author":"EA Mallen","year":"2006","unstructured":"Mallen EA, Kashyap P, Hampson KM (2006) Transient axial length change during the accommodation response in young adults. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 47(3):1251\u20131254. Epub 2006\/03\/01. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1167\/iovs.05-1086","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"6045_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.visres.2012.09.009","volume":"72","author":"EC Woodman","year":"2012","unstructured":"Woodman EC, Read SA, Collins MJ (2012) Axial length and choroidal thickness changes accompanying prolonged accommodation in myopes and emmetropes. Vision Res 72:34\u201341. Epub 2012\/09\/29. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.visres.2012.09.009","journal-title":"Vision Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"6045_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.63.3.12","volume":"63","author":"RPJ Hughes","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hughes RPJ, Read SA, Collins MJ, Vincent SJ (2022) Axial elongation during short-term accommodation in myopic and nonmyopic children. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 63(3):12. Epub 2022\/03\/12. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1167\/iovs.63.3.12","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"6045_CR17","first-page":"128","volume":"2","author":"JE Purkinje","year":"1823","unstructured":"Purkinje JE (1823) Beobachtungen u. Versuche z. . Physiologie d Sinne 2:128","journal-title":"Versuche z. . Physiologie d Sinne"},{"key":"6045_CR18","unstructured":"Bruecke VE (1846) Arch Anat Physiol Wiss Med:370"},{"key":"6045_CR19","first-page":"62","volume-title":"And on the structure of the retina","author":"W Bowman","year":"1849","unstructured":"Bowman W (1849) And on the structure of the retina. Lectures on the Parts Concerned in the Operations on the Eye, London, p 62"},{"key":"6045_CR20","unstructured":"Cramer A (1853) Het accommodatie-Vermogen Physiologisch toegelicht, Haarlem"},{"key":"6045_CR21","first-page":"204","volume-title":"Accommodation and refraction of the eye","author":"FC Donders","year":"1864","unstructured":"Donders FC (1864) Accommodation and refraction of the eye. New Sydenham Society, London, pp 204\u2013215"},{"issue":"12","key":"6045_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1698","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2006.094888","volume":"91","author":"RA Schachar","year":"2007","unstructured":"Schachar RA, Fygenson DK (2007) Topographical changes of biconvex objects during equatorial traction: an analogy for accommodation of the human lens. Br J Ophthalmol 91(12):1698\u20131703. Epub 2006\/07\/14. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bjo.2006.094888","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"6045_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-3768.1964.tb03627.x","volume":"42","author":"A Huggert","year":"1964","unstructured":"Huggert A (1964) The intracapsular mechanism of accommodation. Acta Ophthalmol (Copenh) 42:389\u2013397. Epub 1964\/01\/01. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1755-3768.1964.tb03627.x","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol (Copenh)"},{"issue":"2","key":"6045_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.5935\/0004-2749.20180035","volume":"81","author":"FB Morais","year":"2018","unstructured":"Morais FB (2018) Vision and the Nobel Prize. Arq Bras Oftalmol 81(2):161\u2013165. Epub 2018\/05\/31. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5935\/0004-2749.20180035","journal-title":"Arq Bras Oftalmol"},{"issue":"6","key":"6045_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"924","DOI":"10.1016\/s0002-9394(02)01856-1","volume":"134","author":"S Ninomiya","year":"2002","unstructured":"Ninomiya S, Fujikado T, Kuroda T et al (2002) Changes of ocular aberration with accommodation. Am J Ophthalmol 134(6):924\u2013926. Epub 2002\/12\/10. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0002-9394(02)01856-1","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"2","key":"6045_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1097\/00006324-200302000-00011","volume":"80","author":"CA Hazel","year":"2003","unstructured":"Hazel CA, Cox MJ, Strang NC (2003) Wavefront aberration and its relationship to the accommodative stimulus-response function in myopic subjects. Optom Vis Sci 80(2):151\u2013158. Epub 2003\/02\/25. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00006324-200302000-00011","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"6045_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1167\/5.5.7","volume":"5","author":"S Plainis","year":"2005","unstructured":"Plainis S, Ginis HS, Pallikaris A (2005) The effect of ocular aberrations on steady-state errors of accommodative response. J Vis 5(5):466\u2013477. Epub 2005\/08\/16. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1167\/5.5.7","journal-title":"J Vis"},{"key":"6045_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kasthurirangan S, Markwell EL, Atchison DA, Pope JM (2011) MRI study of the changes in crystalline lens shape with accommodation and aging in humans. J Vis 11(3)","DOI":"10.1167\/11.3.19"},{"issue":"6","key":"6045_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2531","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.07-1443","volume":"49","author":"S Kasthurirangan","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kasthurirangan S, Markwell EL, Atchison DA, Pope JM (2008) In vivo study of changes in refractive index distribution in the human crystalline lens with age and accommodation. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 49(6):2531\u20132540. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1167\/iovs.07-1443","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"41","key":"6045_CR30","first-page":"3280","volume":"93","author":"SL Zheng","year":"2013","unstructured":"Zheng SL, Zhang A, Shi JJ, Zhou YX (2013) Magnetic resonance imaging study of effects of accommodation on human lens morphological characters. Natl Med J China 93(41):3280\u20133283 Epub 2014\/01\/10","journal-title":"Natl Med J China"},{"issue":"6","key":"6045_CR31","first-page":"1162","volume":"40","author":"SA Strenk","year":"1999","unstructured":"Strenk SA, Semmlow JL, Strenk LM, Munoz P, Gronlund-Jacob J, DeMarco JK (1999) Age-related changes in human ciliary muscle and lens: a magnetic resonance imaging study. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 40(6):1162\u20131169 Epub 1999\/05\/11","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"6045_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1272","DOI":"10.1364\/BOE.9.001272","volume":"9","author":"A Khan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Khan A, Pope JM, Verkicharla PK, Suheimat M, Atchison DA (2018) Change in human lens dimensions, lens refractive index distribution and ciliary body ring diameter with accommodation. Biomed Opt Express 9(3):1272\u20131282. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/BOE.9.001272","journal-title":"Biomed Opt Express"},{"issue":"1","key":"6045_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.05-0890","volume":"47","author":"A Glasser","year":"2006","unstructured":"Glasser A, Wendt M, Ostrin L (2006) Accommodative changes in lens diameter in rhesus monkeys. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 47(1):278\u2013286. Epub 2005\/12\/31. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1167\/iovs.05-0890","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci."},{"key":"6045_CR34","first-page":"701","volume":"7","author":"L Fu-ming","year":"2013","unstructured":"Fu-ming L (2013) A novel concept of accommodation: human eyes optical system based on hyperfocal distance-micro zoom. Chin J Exp Ophthalmol 7:701\u2013710","journal-title":"Chin J Exp Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"10","key":"6045_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1141","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6989(84)90168-8","volume":"24","author":"JF Koretz","year":"1984","unstructured":"Koretz JF, Handelman GH, Brown NP (1984) Analysis of human crystalline lens curvature as a function of accommodative state and age. Vision Res 24(10):1141\u20131151. Epub 1984\/01\/01. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0042-6989(84)90168-8","journal-title":"Vision Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"6045_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/0047-6374(92)90057-k","volume":"62","author":"S Tamm","year":"1992","unstructured":"Tamm S, Tamm E, Rohen JW (1992) Age-related changes of the human ciliary muscle. A quantitative morphometric study. Mech Ageing Dev 62(2):209\u2013221. Epub 1992\/02\/01. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0047-6374(92)90057-k","journal-title":"Mech Ageing Dev"},{"key":"6045_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2018.11.004","volume":"71","author":"K Wang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wang K, Pierscionek BK (2019) Biomechanics of the human lens and accommodative system: functional relevance to physiological states. Prog Retin. Eye Res 71:114\u2013131. Epub 2018\/11\/16. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2018.11.004","journal-title":"Eye Res"},{"key":"6045_CR38","first-page":"269","volume-title":"Step by step innovations in presbyopia management","author":"A Hipsley","year":"2006","unstructured":"Hipsley A, Dementiev D (2006) VisioDynamics theory: a biomechanical model for the aging ocular organ. In: Ashok G, Urzua G, Dementiev D, Pinelli R (eds) Step by step innovations in presbyopia management. Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers, New Delhi, pp 269\u2013315"},{"issue":"4","key":"6045_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1475-1313.1995.9500020e.x","volume":"15","author":"DA Atchison","year":"1995","unstructured":"Atchison DA (1995) Accommodation and presbyopia. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 15(4):255\u2013272 Epub 1995\/07\/01","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Physiol Opt"},{"issue":"2","key":"6045_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1097\/00004397-200104000-00007","volume":"41","author":"RA Schachar","year":"2001","unstructured":"Schachar RA (2001) The correction of presbyopia. Int Ophthalmol Clin 41(2):53\u201370. Epub 2001\/04\/06. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00004397-200104000-00007","journal-title":"Int Ophthalmol Clin"},{"issue":"1","key":"6045_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1990.01070030075032","volume":"108","author":"MW Neider","year":"1990","unstructured":"Neider MW, Crawford K, Kaufman PL, Bito LZ (1990) In vivo videography of the rhesus monkey accommodative apparatus. Age-related loss of ciliary muscle response to central stimulation. Arch Ophthalmol 108(1):69\u201374. Epub 1990\/01\/01. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/archopht.1990.01070030075032","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"4","key":"6045_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1885","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.15-18533","volume":"57","author":"LJ Lister","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lister LJ, Suheimat M, Verkicharla PK, Mallen EAH, Atchison DA (2016) Influence of gravity on ocular lens position. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 57(4):1885\u20131891. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1167\/iovs.15-18533","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"6045_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"790","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2006.110791","volume":"91","author":"RA Schachar","year":"2007","unstructured":"Schachar RA, Davila C, Pierscionek BK, Chen W, Ward WW (2007) The effect of human in vivo accommodation on crystalline lens stability. Br J Ophthalmol 91(6):790\u2013793. Epub 2007\/01\/12. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bjo.2006.110791","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"10","key":"6045_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2066","DOI":"10.1016\/s0161-6420(03)00910-2","volume":"110","author":"RA Schachar","year":"2003","unstructured":"Schachar RA, Lewis FL (2003) Error tolerance in Helmholtzian accommodation. Ophthalmology 110(10):2066\u20132067. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0161-6420(03)00910-2","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"5","key":"6045_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-1313.2007.00514.x","volume":"27","author":"RA Schachar","year":"2007","unstructured":"Schachar RA (2007) Letter to the editor: the lens is stable during accommodation. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 27(5):520\u2013521; author reply 2-3. Epub 2007\/08\/28. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1475-1313.2007.00514.x","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Physiol Opt"},{"issue":"2","key":"6045_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-017-3843-2","volume":"256","author":"A Grzybowski","year":"2018","unstructured":"Grzybowski A, Schachar RA, Gaca-Wysocka M, Schachar IH, Kamangar F, Pierscionek BK (2018) Mechanism of accommodation assessed by change in precisely registered ocular images associated with concurrent change in auto-refraction. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 256(2):395\u2013402. Epub 2017\/11\/18. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00417-017-3843-2","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"6045_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1625","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S144238","volume":"11","author":"RA Schachar","year":"2017","unstructured":"Schachar RA, Mani M, Schachar IH (2017) Image registration reveals central lens thickness minimally increases during accommodation. Clin Ophthalmol 11:1625\u20131636. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/OPTH.S144238","journal-title":"Clin Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"3","key":"6045_CR48","first-page":"65","volume":"26","author":"RA Schachar","year":"1994","unstructured":"Schachar RA, Cudmore DP (1994) The effect of gravity on the amplitude of accommodation. Ann Ophthalmol 26(3):65\u201370 Epub 1994\/05\/01","journal-title":"Ann Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"1","key":"6045_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1167\/8.1.18","volume":"8","author":"P Rosales","year":"2008","unstructured":"Rosales P, Wendt M, Marcos S, Glasser A (2008) Changes in crystalline lens radii of curvature and lens tilt and decentration during dynamic accommodation in rhesus monkeys. J Vis 8(1):18","journal-title":"J Vis"},{"issue":"7","key":"6045_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"836","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-005-0126-0","volume":"244","author":"O Stachs","year":"2006","unstructured":"Stachs O, Martin H, Behrend D, Schmitz KP, Guthoff R (2006) Three-dimensional ultrasound biomicroscopy, environmental and conventional scanning electron microscopy investigations of the human zonula ciliaris for numerical modelling of accommodation. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 244(7):836\u2013844. Epub 2005\/10\/06. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00417-005-0126-0","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"6045_CR51","first-page":"1","volume":"8","author":"E Fincham","year":"1937","unstructured":"Fincham E (1937) The mechanism of accommodation. Br J Ophthalmol Monogr Suppl 8:1\u201380","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol Monogr Suppl"},{"issue":"discussion 7-70","key":"6045_CR52","first-page":"261","volume":"95","author":"RS Wilson","year":"1997","unstructured":"Wilson RS (1997) Does the lens diameter increase or decrease during accommodation? Human accommodation studies: a new technique using infrared retro-illumination video photography and pixel unit measurements. Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc 95(discussion 7-70):261\u2013267 Epub 1997\/01\/01","journal-title":"Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc"},{"issue":"5","key":"6045_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2008.01.022","volume":"86","author":"M Wendt","year":"2008","unstructured":"Wendt M, Croft MA, McDonald J, Kaufman PL, Glasser A (2008) Lens diameter and thickness as a function of age and pharmacologically stimulated accommodation in rhesus monkeys. Exp Eye Res 86(5):746\u2013752. Epub 2008\/03\/18. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.exer.2008.01.022","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res"},{"key":"6045_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Schachar RA, Schachar IH (2020) Intralenticular hydrostatic pressure increases during ciliary muscle contraction: a finding consistent with the schachar mechanism of accommodation. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 61(6). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1167\/IOVS.61.6.34","DOI":"10.1167\/IOVS.61.6.34"},{"issue":"13","key":"6045_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4416","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.19-27794","volume":"60","author":"Y Chen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chen Y, Gao J, Li L et al (2019) The ciliary muscle and zonules of zinn modulate lens intracellular hydrostatic pressure through transient receptor potential vanilloid channels. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 60(13):4416\u20134424. Epub 2019\/10\/23. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1167\/iovs.19-27794","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci."},{"issue":"5","key":"6045_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.12056\/j.issn.1006-2785.2020.42.5.2018-856","volume":"42","author":"Z Ai","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ai Z, Huilian Z, Jianjing S, Yunxin Z, Wei C (2020) Study on the lens accommodation theory of young people based on magnetic resonance imaging technique. Med Zhejiang 42(5):454\u2013457. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12056\/j.issn.1006-2785.2020.42.5.2018-856","journal-title":"Med Zhejiang"},{"issue":"2","key":"6045_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.eye.6701838","volume":"20","author":"RA Schachar","year":"2006","unstructured":"Schachar RA, Kamangar F (2006) Computer image analysis of ultrasound biomicroscopy of primate accommodation. Eye (Lond) 20(2):226\u2013233. Epub 2005\/04\/09. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/sj.eye.6701838","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"issue":"4","key":"6045_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2005.01.017","volume":"39","author":"CH Chien","year":"2006","unstructured":"Chien CH, Huang T, Schachar RA (2006) Analysis of human crystalline lens accommodation. J Biomech. 39(4):672\u2013680. Epub 2005\/07\/19. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2005.01.017","journal-title":"J Biomech."},{"issue":"4","key":"6045_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2072","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00636.2002","volume":"89","author":"JL Demer","year":"2003","unstructured":"Demer JL, Kono R, Wright W (2003) Magnetic resonance imaging of human extraocular muscles in convergence. J Neurophysiol. 89(4):2072\u20132085. Epub 2003\/04\/11. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jn.00636.2002","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol."},{"issue":"4","key":"6045_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1097\/00003226-200305000-00007","volume":"22","author":"T Buehren","year":"2003","unstructured":"Buehren T, Collins MJ, Loughridge J, Carney LG, Iskander DR (2003) Corneal topography and accommodation. Cornea. 22(4):311\u2013316. Epub 2003\/06\/07. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00003226-200305000-00007","journal-title":"Cornea."},{"issue":"2","key":"6045_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4835(74)90034-7","volume":"19","author":"N Brown","year":"1974","unstructured":"Brown N (1974) The change in lens curvature with age. Exp Eye Res. 19(2):175\u2013183. Epub 1974\/08\/01. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0014-4835(74)90034-7","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res."},{"issue":"12","key":"6045_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2111","DOI":"10.1364\/josaa.9.002111","volume":"9","author":"G Smith","year":"1992","unstructured":"Smith G, Atchison DA, Pierscionek BK (1992) Modeling the power of the aging human eye. J Opt Soc Am A 9(12):2111\u20132117. Epub 1992\/12\/01. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/josaa.9.002111","journal-title":"J Opt Soc Am A"},{"issue":"6","key":"6045_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1006\/exer.1996.0252","volume":"64","author":"BK Pierscionek","year":"1997","unstructured":"Pierscionek BK (1997) Refractive index contours in the human lens. Exp Eye Res. 64(6):887\u2013893. Epub 1997\/06\/01. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1006\/exer.1996.0252","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res."},{"issue":"11","key":"6045_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1991","DOI":"10.1016\/s0042-6989(98)00283-1","volume":"39","author":"A Glasser","year":"1999","unstructured":"Glasser A, Campbell MC (1999) Biometric, optical and physical changes in the isolated human crystalline lens with age in relation to presbyopia. Vision Res 39(11):1991\u20132015. Epub 1999\/05\/27. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0042-6989(98)00283-1","journal-title":"Vision Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"6045_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1097\/00006324-199404000-00004","volume":"71","author":"AP Beers","year":"1994","unstructured":"Beers AP, Van der Heijde GL (1994) Presbyopia and velocity of sound in the lens. Optom Vis Sci 71(4):250\u2013253. Epub 1994\/04\/01. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00006324-199404000-00004","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"issue":"Pt 6","key":"6045_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.1988.119","volume":"2","author":"RF Fisher","year":"1988","unstructured":"Fisher RF (1988) The mechanics of accommodation in relation to presbyopia. Eye (Lond) 2(Pt 6):646\u2013649. Epub 1988\/01\/01. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/eye.1988.119","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"issue":"11","key":"6045_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.46.11.660","volume":"46","author":"RA Weale","year":"1962","unstructured":"Weale RA (1962) Presbyopia. Br J Ophthalmol 46(11):660\u2013668. Epub 1962\/11\/01. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bjo.46.11.660","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"1","key":"6045_CR68","first-page":"109","volume":"14","author":"W Baolin","year":"1983","unstructured":"Baolin W, Guangqi H, Chaoyou Z et al (1983) Observation on vascular casts of uvea newborns by scanning electron microscopy. Acta Anatomica Sinica 14(1):109\u2013113","journal-title":"Acta Anatomica Sinica"},{"key":"6045_CR69","volume-title":"Chinese ophthalmology","author":"L Fengming","year":"2014","unstructured":"Fengming L, Lixin X (2014) In: Lezheng W, Shizhou H (eds) Chinese ophthalmology, vol 3. People's Medical Publishing House, Bei Jing"},{"key":"6045_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100902","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2020.100902","volume":"82","author":"S Bassnett","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bassnett S (2021) Zinn\u2019s zonule. Prog Retin Eye Res 82:100902. Epub 2020\/09\/28. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2020.100902","journal-title":"Prog Retin Eye Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"6045_CR71","first-page":"133","volume":"18","author":"JW Rohen","year":"1979","unstructured":"Rohen JW (1979) Scanning electron microscopic studies of the zonular apparatus in human and monkey eyes. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 18(2):133\u2013144 Epub 1979\/02\/01","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"}],"container-title":["Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00417-023-06045-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00417-023-06045-w\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00417-023-06045-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,19]],"date-time":"2023-10-19T09:03:16Z","timestamp":1697706196000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00417-023-06045-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,27]]},"references-count":71,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]}},"alternative-id":["6045"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00417-023-06045-w","relation":{},"ISSN":["0721-832X","1435-702X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0721-832X","type":"print"},{"value":"1435-702X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"11 July 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 January 2023","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 March 2023","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 April 2023","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}