{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T04:02:40Z","timestamp":1790740960914,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]],"date-time":"2023-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685577600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]],"date-time":"2023-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685577600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-023-06121-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]],"date-time":"2023-06-01T10:02:27Z","timestamp":1685613747000},"page":"3231-3239","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Changes in the preoperative ocular surface flora with an increase in patient age: A surveillance analysis of bacterial diversity and resistance to fluoroquinolone"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"261","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2671-0073","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Toshihiro","family":"Sakisaka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takuya","family":"Iwasaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takashi","family":"Ono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Koji","family":"Ueda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryohei","family":"Nejima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yosai","family":"Mori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yukari","family":"Noguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akiko","family":"Yagi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nobuyuki","family":"Shoji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazunori","family":"Miyata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"6121_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5408","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.10-6939","volume":"52","author":"Q Dong","year":"2011","unstructured":"Dong Q, Brulc JM, Iovieno A et al (2011) Diversity of bacteria at healthy human conjunctiva. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 52:5408\u20135413. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1167\/iovs.10-6939","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"6121_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ozkan J, Nielsen S, Diez-Vives C, Coroneo M, Thomas T, Willcox M (2017) Temporal stability and composition of the ocular surface microbiome. Sci Rep 7:9880. s41598-017-10494-9","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-10494-9"},{"key":"6121_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Singer TR, Isenberg SJ, Apt L (1988) Conjunctival anaerobic and aerobic bacterial flora in paediatric versus adult subjects. Br J Ophthalmol 72:448\u2013451. bjo.72.6.448","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.72.6.448"},{"key":"6121_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.eye.6701899","volume":"20","author":"EF Rubio","year":"2006","unstructured":"Rubio EF (2006) Influence of age on conjunctival bacteria of patients undergoing cataract surgery. Eye (Lond) 20:447\u2013454. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/sj.eye.6701899","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"key":"6121_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2007.12.028","volume":"34","author":"Y Hori","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hori Y, Maeda N, Sakamoto M et al (2008) Fluoroquinolone-resistant bacteria and methicillin-resistant staphylococci from normal preoperative conjunctiva. J Cataract Refract Surg 34:711\u2013712. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcrs.2007.12.028","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"6121_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2009.218","volume":"24","author":"ME Fern\u00e1ndez-Rubio","year":"2010","unstructured":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Rubio ME, Rebolledo-Lara L, Martinez-Garc\u00eda M, Alarc\u00f3n-Tom\u00e1s M, Cort\u00e9s-Vald\u00e9s C (2010) The conjunctival bacterial pattern of diabetics undergoing cataract surgery. Eye (Lond) 24:825\u2013834. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/eye.2009.218","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"key":"6121_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Rubio ME, Cuesta-Rodr\u00edguez T, Urcelay-Segura JL, Cort\u00e9s-Vald\u00e9s C (2013) Pathogenic conjunctival bacteria associated with systemic co-morbidities of patients undergoing cataract surgery. Eye (Lond) 27:915\u2013923. eye.2013.103","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2013.103"},{"key":"6121_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Speaker MG, Milch FA, Shah MK, Eisner W, Kreiswirth BN (1991) Role of external bacterial flora in the pathogenesis of acute postoperative endophthalmitis. Ophthalmology 98:639\u2013649; discussion 650. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0161-6420(91)32239-5","DOI":"10.1016\/s0161-6420(91)32239-5"},{"key":"6121_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1997.01100150359008","volume":"115","author":"TL Bannerman","year":"1997","unstructured":"Bannerman TL, Rhoden DL, McAllister SK, Miller JM, Wilson LA (1997) The source of coagulase-negative staphylococci in the Endophthalmitis Vitrectomy Study. A comparison of eyelid and intraocular isolates using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Arch Ophthalmol 115:357\u2013361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/archopht.1997.01100150359008","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"6121_CR10","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2015) Global action plan on antimicrobial resistance. https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/9789241509763 (Accessed 15 November 2022)"},{"key":"6121_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1038\/nature06516","volume":"451","author":"W Lutz","year":"2008","unstructured":"Lutz W, Sanderson W, Scherbov S (2008) The coming acceleration of global population ageing. Nature 451:716\u2013719. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nature06516","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"6121_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)61461-6","volume":"385","author":"JR Beard","year":"2015","unstructured":"Beard JR, Bloom DE (2015) Towards a comprehensive public health response to population ageing. Lancet 385:658\u2013661. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)61461-6","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"6121_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3351","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-021-05351-5","volume":"259","author":"K Ueda","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ueda K, Iwasaki T, Ono T et al (2021) Age factor in the fluoroquinolone susceptibility of gram-positive cocci isolates from bacterial keratitis cases between 2008 and 2016. Graefe\u2019s Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 259:3351\u20133357. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00417-021-05351-5","journal-title":"Graefe\u2019s Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"6121_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2251","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S108532","volume":"10","author":"N Tou","year":"2016","unstructured":"Tou N, Nejima R, Ikeda Y et al (2016) Clinical utility of antimicrobial susceptibility measurement plate covering formulated concentrations of various ophthalmic antimicrobial drugs. Clin Ophthalmol 10:2251\u20132257. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/OPTH.S108532","journal-title":"Clin Ophthalmol"},{"key":"6121_CR15","unstructured":"Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (2010) Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing; twenty-first informational supplement. CLSI document M100\u2013S20. Wayne, PA"},{"key":"6121_CR16","unstructured":"Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (2015) Methods for Antimicrobial Dilution and Disk Susceptibility Testing of Infrequently Isolated or Fastidious Bacteria. CLSI document M45 3rd. Wayne, PA"},{"key":"6121_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"730","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2004.10.007","volume":"139","author":"H Mi\u00f1o de Kasper","year":"2005","unstructured":"Mi\u00f1o de Kasper H, Koss MJ, He L, Blumenkranz MS, Ta CN (2005) Antibiotic susceptibility of preoperative normal conjunctival bacteria. Am J Ophthalmol 139:730\u2013733. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajo.2004.10.007","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"6121_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2012.06.024","volume":"155","author":"HY Hsu","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hsu HY, Lind JT, Tseng L, Miller D (2013) Ocular flora and their antibiotic resistance patterns in the Midwest. Am J Ophthalmol 155:36\u201344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajo.2012.06.024","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"6121_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1439","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2016.143","volume":"30","author":"S Hoshi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hoshi S, Hashida M, Urabe K (2016) Risk factors for aerobic bacterial conjunctival flora in preoperative cataract patients. Eye (Lond) 30:1439\u20131446. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/eye.2016.143","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"key":"6121_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2017.06.037","volume":"43","author":"T Ono","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ono T, Nejima R, Iwasaki T et al (2017) Long-term effects of cataract surgery with topical levofloxacin on ocular bacterial flora. J Cataract Refract Surg 43:1129\u20131134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcrs.2017.06.037","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"6121_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1388","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2005.02.028","volume":"112","author":"ES West","year":"2005","unstructured":"West ES, Behrens A, McDonnell PJ, Tielsch JM, Schein OD (2005) The incidence of endophthalmitis after cataract surgery among the U.S. Medicare population increased between 1994 and 2001. Ophthalmology 112:1388\u20131394. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ophtha.2005.02.028","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"6121_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-022-02398-8","volume":"22","author":"A Di Zazzo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Di Zazzo A, De Piano M, Coassin M, Mori T, Balzamino BO, Micera A (2022) Ocular surface toll like receptors in ageing. BMC Ophthalmol 22:185. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12886-022-02398-8","journal-title":"BMC Ophthalmol"},{"key":"6121_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2021.09.004","volume":"129","author":"S Zafar","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zafar S, Dun C, Srikumaran D, Wang P, Schein OD, Makary M, Woreta F (2022) Endophthalmitis rates among Medicare beneficiaries undergoing cataract surgery between 2011\u20132019. Ophthalmology 129:250\u2013257. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ophtha.2021.09.004","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"6121_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.122.3.369","volume":"122","author":"SE Moss","year":"2004","unstructured":"Moss SE, Klein R, Klein BEK (2004) Incidence of dry eye in an older population. Arch Ophthalmol 122:369\u2013373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/archopht.122.3.369","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"6121_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2022.06.004","volume":"25","author":"K Kitazawa","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kitazawa K, Inomata T, Shih K et al (2022) Impact of aging on the pathophysiology of dry eye disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ocul Surf 25:108\u2013118. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jtos.2022.06.004","journal-title":"Ocul Surf"},{"key":"6121_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2008.06.003","volume":"146","author":"Y Hori","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hori Y, Maeda N, Sakamoto M, Koh S, Inoue T, Tano Y (2008) Bacteriologic profile of the conjunctiva in the patients with dry eye. Am J Ophthalmol 146:729\u2013734. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajo.2008.06.003","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"6121_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2013.12.026","volume":"157","author":"AE Kuriyan","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kuriyan AE, Weiss KD, Flynn HW, Smiddy WE, Berrocal AM, Albini TA, Miller D (2014) Endophthalmitis caused by streptococcal species: clinical settings, microbiology, management, and outcomes. Am J Ophthalmol 157:774\u2013780. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajo.2013.12.026","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"6121_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00101-13","volume":"27","author":"MJ Walker","year":"2014","unstructured":"Walker MJ, Barnett TC, McArthur JD et al (2014) Disease manifestations and pathogenic mechanisms of group A Streptococcus. Clin Microbiol Rev 27:264\u2013301. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/CMR.00101-13","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"6121_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00205","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00205-20","volume":"34","author":"S Heilbronner","year":"2021","unstructured":"Heilbronner S, Foster TJ (2021) Staphylococcus lugdunensis: a skin commensal with invasive pathogenic potential. Clin Microbiol Rev 34:e00205\u2013e00220. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/CMR.00205-20","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"6121_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01626-07","volume":"46","author":"B Luca-Harari","year":"2008","unstructured":"Luca-Harari B, Ekelund K, van der Linden M, Staum-Kaltoft M, Hammerum AM, Jasir A (2008) Clinical and epidemiological aspects of invasive Streptococcus pyogenes infections in Denmark during 2003 and 2004. J Clin Microbiol 46:79\u201386. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/JCM.01626-07","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"6121_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1957","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.69.3.1957-1960.2001","volume":"69","author":"M Otto","year":"2001","unstructured":"Otto M, Echner H, Welter W, G\u00f6tz F (2001) Pheromone cross-inhibition between Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Infect Immun 69:1957\u20131960. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/IAI.69.3.1957-1960.2001","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"6121_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09074","volume":"465","author":"T Iwase","year":"2010","unstructured":"Iwase T, Uehara Y, Shinji H et al (2010) Staphylococcus epidermidis Esp inhibits Staphylococcus aureus biofilm formation and nasal colonization. Nature 465:346\u2013349. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nature09074","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"6121_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ico.0000227889.11500.6f","volume":"25","author":"S Den","year":"2006","unstructured":"Den S, Shimizu K, Ikeda T, Tsubota K, Shimmura S, Shimazaki J (2006) Association between meibomian gland changes and aging, sex, or tear function. Cornea 25:651\u2013655. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/01.ico.0000227889.11500.6f","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"6121_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01741-07","volume":"46","author":"H Eguchi","year":"2008","unstructured":"Eguchi H, Kuwahara T, Miyamoto T, Nakayama-Imaohji H, Ichimura M, Hayashi T, Shiota H (2008) High-level fluoroquinolone resistance in ophthalmic clinical isolates belonging to the species Corynebacterium macginleyi. J Clin Microbiol 46:527\u2013532. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/JCM.01741-07","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"6121_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1018","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2014.07.038","volume":"158","author":"A Kuriyan","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kuriyan A, Sridhar J, Flynn HW Jr et al (2014) Endophthalmitis caused by Enterococcus faecalis: clinical features, antibiotic sensitivities, and outcomes. Am J Ophthalmol 158:1018\u20131023. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajo.2014.07.038","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"6121_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1770","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.26.6.1770","volume":"26","author":"Q Qiao","year":"2003","unstructured":"Qiao Q, Hu G, Tuomilehto J, The DECODA study group et al (2003) Age- and sex-specific prevalence of diabetes and impaired glucose regulation in 11 Asian cohorts. Diabetes Care 26:1770\u20131780. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/diacare.26.6.1770","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"6121_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1482","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2011.300616","volume":"102","author":"CJ Caspersen","year":"2012","unstructured":"Caspersen CJ, Thomas GD, Boseman LA, Beckles GLA, Albright AL (2012) Aging, diabetes, and the public health system in the United States. Am J Public Health 102:1482\u20131497. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2105\/AJPH.2011.300616","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"6121_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.26867-0","volume":"150","author":"E Schmutz","year":"2004","unstructured":"Schmutz E, Hennig S, Li SM, Heide L (2004) Identification of a topoisomerase IV in actinobacteria: purification and characterization of ParYR and GyrBR from the coumermycin A1 producer Streptomyces rishiriensis DSM 40489. Microbiology (Reading) 150:641\u2013647. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1099\/mic.0.26867-0","journal-title":"Microbiology (Reading)"},{"key":"6121_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1714","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.49.5.1714-1719.2005","volume":"49","author":"JM Sierra","year":"2005","unstructured":"Sierra JM, Martinez-Martinez L, V\u00e1zquez F, Giralt E, Vila J (2005) Relationship between mutations in the gyrA gene and quinolone resistance in clinical isolates of Corynebacterium striatum and Corynebacterium amycolatum. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 49:1714\u20131719. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/AAC.49.5.1714-1719.2005","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"6121_CR40","unstructured":"Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (2006) Analysis and presentation of cumulative antimicrobial susceptibility test data, 2nd ed. CLSI, Wayne, PA"}],"container-title":["Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00417-023-06121-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00417-023-06121-1\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00417-023-06121-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,19]],"date-time":"2023-10-19T09:05:24Z","timestamp":1697706324000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00417-023-06121-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]}},"alternative-id":["6121"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00417-023-06121-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["0721-832X","1435-702X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0721-832X","type":"print"},{"value":"1435-702X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"19 December 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 May 2023","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 May 2023","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 June 2023","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This surveillance study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Miyata Eye Hospital (Miyazaki, Japan). The identifier was CS-288_012. It was performed following the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"Written informed consent was obtained from all participants.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"Written informed consent was obtained from all participants.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to publish"}},{"value":"None.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}