{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T11:23:08Z","timestamp":1791890588545,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,29]],"date-time":"2023-06-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1687996800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,29]],"date-time":"2023-06-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1687996800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82171039"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82171039"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008410","name":"Shanghai Municipal Population and Family Planning Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["201840239"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["201840239"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008410","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>\u00a0To analyze and compare the visual performance and patient satisfaction following the implantation of toric multifocal intraocular lenses (TMIOLs) in adult patients with different types of developmental cataracts (DC) accompanied by corneal astigmatism (CA).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>\u00a0This is a prospective observational cohort study. Patients diagnosed with DC aged 18\u201330\u00a0years were divided into three groups according to the anatomic location of the lens opacity: cortical, nuclear, and posterior subcapsular (PSC) groups, and implanted with TMIOLs. Visual acuity (VA), postoperative refractive astigmatism (RA), intraocular lens (IOL) rotation, high-order aberrations (HOAs), modulation transfer function (MTF) curve, and Strehl ratio were compared. The functional vision and incidence of photic phenomena were surveyed using questionnaires.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>\u00a0Fifty-five eyes of 37 patients were enrolled and completed a 1-year follow-up. The mean CA was 2.06\u2009\u00b1\u20090.79 D preoperatively, and the mean RA was 0.29\u2009\u00b1\u20090.30 D 3-month postoperatively. The IOL rotation was 2.48\u00b0\u2009\u00b1\u20091.89\u00b0, with no deviation\u2009&gt;\u200910\u00b0. At 12\u00a0months, mean uncorrected distance VA improved from 0.93\u2009\u00b1\u20090.41 preoperatively to 0.08\u2009\u00b1\u20090.08 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR), mean uncorrected near VA increased from 0.45\u2009\u00b1\u20090.30 preoperatively to 0.12\u2009\u00b1\u20090.11 logMAR, and mean uncorrected intermediate VA was 0.14\u2009\u00b1\u20090.08 logMAR. The cortical and nuclear groups displayed better improvements in uncorrected near and intermediate VA than that in the PSC group. Similar results were observed in the 3-month defocus curves, HOAs, MTF curve, halo incidence, and near vision satisfaction.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>In adult patients with DC accompanied by CA, TMIOLs implantation achieved good postoperative visual outcomes and significantly reduced glasses dependency. Patients with cortical or nuclear lens opacity showed better whole-course VA and quality of vision, while patients with PSC opacity showed unsatisfactory near vision and suffered more photic phenomena.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-023-06148-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,29]],"date-time":"2023-06-29T10:02:07Z","timestamp":1688032927000},"page":"3521-3530","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Comparison of visual outcomes in adult patients with different types of developmental cataracts after toric multifocal intraocular lenses implantation"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"261","author":[{"given":"Jiying","family":"Shen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dongmei","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Limei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haike","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3556-0046","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jin","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,29]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"6148_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1160","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2016.156","volume":"30","author":"S Sheeladevi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sheeladevi S, Lawrenson JG, Fielder AR, Suttle CM (2016) Global prevalence of childhood cataract: a systematic review. Eye (Lond) 30(9):1160\u20131169. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/eye.2016.156","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"issue":"7","key":"6148_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e020234","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-020234","volume":"8","author":"D Lin","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lin D, Liu Z, Cao Q et al (2018) Clinical characteristics of young adult cataract patients: a 10-year retrospective study of the Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center. BMJ Open 8(7):e020234. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-020234","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"1","key":"6148_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1444-0938.2007.00112.x","volume":"90","author":"SA Read","year":"2007","unstructured":"Read SA, Collins MJ, Carney LG (2007) A review of astigmatism and its possible genesis. Clin Exp Optom 90(1):5\u201319. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1444-0938.2007.00112.x","journal-title":"Clin Exp Optom"},{"issue":"5","key":"6148_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2011-300539","volume":"96","author":"D Pascolini","year":"2012","unstructured":"Pascolini D, Mariotti SP (2012) Global estimates of visual impairment: 2010. Br J Ophthalmol 96(5):614\u2013618. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2011-300539","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"8","key":"6148_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1793","DOI":"10.1364\/josaa.18.001793","volume":"18","author":"J Porter","year":"2001","unstructured":"Porter J, Guirao A, Cox IG, Williams DR (2001) Monochromatic aberrations of the human eye in a large population. J Opt Soc Am A Opt Image Sci Vis 18(8):1793\u20131803. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/josaa.18.001793","journal-title":"J Opt Soc Am A Opt Image Sci Vis"},{"issue":"1","key":"6148_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-020-01794-2","volume":"21","author":"X Han","year":"2021","unstructured":"Han X, Fan Q, Hua Z, Qiu X, Qian D, Yang J (2021) Analysis of corneal astigmatism and aberration in chinese congenital cataract and developmental cataract patients before cataract surgery. BMC Ophthalmol 21(1):34. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12886-020-01794-2","journal-title":"BMC Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"3","key":"6148_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2010.09.022","volume":"37","author":"JS Wolffsohn","year":"2011","unstructured":"Wolffsohn JS, Bhogal G, Shah S (2011) Effect of uncorrected astigmatism on vision. J Cataract Refract Surg 37(3):454\u2013460. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcrs.2010.09.022","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"issue":"8","key":"6148_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1352","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2012.03.032","volume":"38","author":"H Kobashi","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kobashi H, Kamiya K, Shimizu K, Kawamorita T, Uozato H (2012) Effect of axis orientation on visual performance in astigmatic eyes. J Cataract Refract Surg 38(8):1352\u20131359. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcrs.2012.03.032","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"issue":"8","key":"6148_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1102","DOI":"10.1097\/j.jcrs.0000000000000283","volume":"46","author":"V Vasavada","year":"2020","unstructured":"Vasavada V, Shastri L, Vasavada AR et al (2020) Visual outcomes after toric intraocular lens implantation in pediatric eyes undergoing cataract surgery. J Cataract Refract Surg 46(8):1102\u20131107. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/j.jcrs.0000000000000283","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"6148_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e95","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.13220","volume":"95","author":"J Ram","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ram J, Singh R, Gupta R, Bhutani G, Gupta PC, Sukhija J (2017) Toric intraocular lens implantation in children with developmental cataract and preexisting corneal astigmatism. Acta Ophthalmol 95(2):e95\u2013e100. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/aos.13220","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"11","key":"6148_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2034","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2011.05.041","volume":"37","author":"N Visser","year":"2011","unstructured":"Visser N, Nuijts RM, de Vries NE, Bauer NJ (2011) Visual outcomes and patient satisfaction after cataract surgery with toric multifocal intraocular lens implantation. J Cataract Refract Surg 37(11):2034\u20132042. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcrs.2011.05.041","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"6148_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5320105","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/5320105","volume":"2016","author":"JS Chang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Chang JS, Chan VK, Ng JC, Law AK (2016) Visual performance after bilateral implantation of a four-haptic diffractive toric multifocal intraocular lens in high myopes. J Ophthalmol 2016:5320105. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2016\/5320105","journal-title":"J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"8","key":"6148_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1097\/j.jcrs.0000000000000560","volume":"47","author":"SC Schallhorn","year":"2021","unstructured":"Schallhorn SC, Hettinger KA, Pelouskova M et al (2021) Effect of residual astigmatism on uncorrected visual acuity and patient satisfaction in pseudophakic patients. J Cataract Refract Surg 47(8):991\u2013998. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/j.jcrs.0000000000000560","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"issue":"14","key":"6148_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6396","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.16-21074","volume":"57","author":"MB Datiles","year":"2016","unstructured":"Datiles MB, Hejtmancik JF (2016) Congenital cataracts: classification and association with anterior segment abnormalities. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 57(14):6396. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1167\/iovs.16-21074","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"6148_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/s0039-6257(02)00462-9","volume":"48","author":"L Amaya","year":"2003","unstructured":"Amaya L, Taylor D, Russell-Eggitt I, Nischal KK, Lengyel D (2003) The morphology and natural history of childhood cataracts. Surv Ophthalmol 48(2):125\u2013144. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0039-6257(02)00462-9","journal-title":"Surv Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"12","key":"6148_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1811","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-018-0176-2","volume":"32","author":"S Sheeladevi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sheeladevi S, Lawrenson JG, Fielder A, Kekunnaya R, Ali R, Borah RR, Suttle C (2018) Delay in presentation to hospital for childhood cataract surgery in India. Eye (Lond) 32(12):1811\u20131818. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41433-018-0176-2","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"issue":"10","key":"6148_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1507","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2013.04.036","volume":"39","author":"R Bellucci","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bellucci R, Bauer NJ, Daya SM, Visser N, Santin G, Cargnoni M, Nuijts RM, Lisa Toric Study Group (2013) Visual acuity and refraction with a diffractive multifocal toric intraocular lens. J Cataract Refract Surg 39(10):1507\u20131518. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcrs.2013.04.036","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"issue":"10","key":"6148_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1485","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2013.04.034","volume":"39","author":"EH Frieling-Reuss","year":"2013","unstructured":"Frieling-Reuss EH (2013) Comparative analysis of the visual and refractive outcomes of an aspheric diffractive intraocular lens with and without toricity. J Cataract Refract Surg 39(10):1485\u20131493. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcrs.2013.04.034","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"issue":"10","key":"6148_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.3928\/1081597X-20170718-04","volume":"33","author":"X Shao","year":"2017","unstructured":"Shao X, Zhou KJ, Pan AP et al (2017) Age-Related Changes in Corneal Astigmatism. J Refract Surg 33(10):696\u2013703. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3928\/1081597X-20170718-04","journal-title":"J Refract Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"6148_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2010.04.009","volume":"118","author":"E Perea-Milla","year":"2011","unstructured":"Perea-Milla E, Vidal S, Briones E et al (2011) Development and validation of clinical scores for visual outcomes after cataract surgery. Ophthalmology 118(1):9-16.e163. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ophtha.2010.04.009","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"6","key":"6148_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1091","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-019-04270-w","volume":"257","author":"A Grzybowski","year":"2019","unstructured":"Grzybowski A, Kanclerz P, Muzyka-Wo\u017aniak M (2019) Methods for evaluating quality of life and vision in patients undergoing lens refractive surgery. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 257(6):1091\u20131099. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00417-019-04270-w","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"44","key":"6148_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e8301","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000008301","volume":"96","author":"Y Zhao","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zhao Y, Yang K, Li J, Huang Y, Zhu S (2017) Comparison of hydrophobic and hydrophilic intraocular lens in preventing posterior capsule opacification after cataract surgery: an updated meta-analysis. Medicine 96(44):e8301. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MD.0000000000008301","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"6148_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2020.07.019","volume":"220","author":"D Schartm\u00fcller","year":"2020","unstructured":"Schartm\u00fcller D, Schwarzenbacher L, Meyer EL, Schriefl S, Leydolt C, Menapace R (2020) Comparison of long-term rotational stability of three commonly implanted intraocular lenses. Am J Ophthalmol 220:72\u201381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajo.2020.07.019","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"2","key":"6148_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1444-0938.2010.00535.x","volume":"94","author":"JA Mart\u00ednez-Roda","year":"2011","unstructured":"Mart\u00ednez-Roda JA, Vilaseca M, Ondategui JC, Giner A, Burgos FJ, Cardona G, Pujol J (2011) Optical quality and intraocular scattering in a healthy young population. Clin Exp Optom 94(2):223\u2013229. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1444-0938.2010.00535.x","journal-title":"Clin Exp Optom"},{"issue":"2","key":"6148_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0117587","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0117587","volume":"10","author":"CC Xu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Xu CC, Xue T, Wang QM, Zhou YN, Huang JH, Yu AY (2015) Repeatability and reproducibility of a double-pass optical quality analysis device. PLoS One 10(2):e0117587. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0117587","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"6148_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5645752","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/5645752","volume":"2022","author":"J Shen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Shen J, Zhang L, Ni S, Cai L, Guo H, Yang J (2022) Comparison of Visual Outcomes and Quality of Life in Patients with High Myopic Cataract after Implantation of AT LISA Tri 839MP and LS-313 MF30 Intraocular Lenses. J Ophthalmol 2022:5645752. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2022\/5645752","journal-title":"J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"3","key":"6148_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1097\/IJG.0b013e318285ff13","volume":"24","author":"M Tetz","year":"2015","unstructured":"Tetz M, Koerber N, Shingleton BJ, von Wolff K, Bull H, Samuelson TW, Lewis RA (2015) Phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation before, during, or after canaloplasty in eyes with open-angle glaucoma: 3-year results. J Glaucoma 24(3):187\u2013194. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/IJG.0b013e318285ff13","journal-title":"J Glaucoma"},{"issue":"12","key":"6148_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"CD003169","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003169.pub4","volume":"12","author":"SR de Silva","year":"2016","unstructured":"de Silva SR, Evans JR, Kirthi V, Ziaei M, Leyland M (2016) Multifocal versus monofocal intraocular lenses after cataract extraction. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 12(12):CD003169. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.CD003169.pub4","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"9","key":"6148_CR29","first-page":"1586","volume":"19","author":"Q Wu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wu Q, Wang CY, Li Y, Tang L (2019) Study on visual quality and patient satisfaction after astigmatic multifocal intraocular lens implantation. Int Eye Sci 19(9):1586\u20131589","journal-title":"Int Eye Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"6148_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2017.03.037","volume":"43","author":"G Monaco","year":"2017","unstructured":"Monaco G, Gari M, Di Censo F, Poscia A, Ruggi G, Scialdone A (2017) Visual performance after bilateral implantation of 2 new presbyopia-correcting intraocular lenses: Trifocal versus extended range of vision. J Cataract Refract Surg 43(6):737\u2013747. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcrs.2017.03.037","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"6148_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2008-1035379","volume":"207","author":"A Liekfeld","year":"1995","unstructured":"Liekfeld A, Pham DT, Wollensak J (1995) Functional results in bilateral implantation of a foldable refractive multifocal posterior chamber lens. Klin Monbl Augenheilkd 207(5):283\u2013286. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-2008-1035379","journal-title":"Klin Monbl Augenheilkd"},{"issue":"8","key":"6148_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1346","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2012.04.029","volume":"38","author":"RH Osher","year":"2012","unstructured":"Osher RH, Golnik KC, Barrett G, Shimizu K (2012) Intentional extreme anisometropic pseudophakic monovision: new approach to the cataract patient with longstanding diplopia. J Cataract Refract Surg 38(8):1346\u20131351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcrs.2012.04.029","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"6148_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1177\/112067211002000112","volume":"20","author":"C Mesci","year":"2010","unstructured":"Mesci C, Erbil H, Ozdoker L, Karakurt Y, Bilge AD (2010) Visual acuity and contrast sensitivity function after accommodative and multifocal intraocular lens implantation. Eur J Ophthalmol 20(1):90\u2013100. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/112067211002000112","journal-title":"Eur J Ophthalmol"}],"container-title":["Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00417-023-06148-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00417-023-06148-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00417-023-06148-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,24]],"date-time":"2023-11-24T04:32:01Z","timestamp":1700800321000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00417-023-06148-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,29]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]}},"alternative-id":["6148"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00417-023-06148-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["0721-832X","1435-702X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0721-832X","type":"print"},{"value":"1435-702X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"9 October 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 June 2023","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 June 2023","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 June 2023","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards\u00a0"}},{"value":"All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were approved by the Institutional Review Board of the Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University and the Shanghai Heping Eye Hospital, and adhered to the tenets of the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}},{"value":"All authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflicts of interest"}},{"value":"Jiying Shen and Dongmei Ma are co-first authors. Jin Yang and Haike Guo are co-corresponding authors.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Disclosure"}}]}}