{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T04:18:11Z","timestamp":1791346691231,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,22]],"date-time":"2023-07-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1689984000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,22]],"date-time":"2023-07-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1689984000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002839","name":"Charit\u00e9 - Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002839","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>To analyse differences in the retinal microvasculature in eyes with cytomegalovirus (CMV)-positive Posner-Schlossman syndrome (PSS) compared to the non-affected eyes using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>In this monocentric, observational prospective case series, 25 patients with unilateral CMV-positive PSS were included. We compared the vessel area densities (VAD) in the macula, optic disc, and peripapillary region in PSS-affected and non-affected eyes using OCTA. We compared the visual fields (VF) of the affected and healthy eyes of each patient. The mean deviation (MD) of the VF was analysed together with the retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) thickness to evaluate the strength of correlation with the VAD parameters.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The VAD of the peripapillary superficial vascular complex (SVC) is significantly reduced in CMV-positive PSS-affected eyes (46.1 \u00b1 9.3% versus 50.1 \u00b1 6.3%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.008, adjusted <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.048). The VAD of the deeper macular, papillary, and peripapillary layers showed no differences between the affected and non-affected eyes. The mean deviation and the retinal nerve fibre layer thickness had correlations with the VAD of the macula (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic> = 0.451, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.001, <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic> = 0.553, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001), the peripapillary SCV (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic> = 0.430, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.002, <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic> = 0.723, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001), and the papillary region (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic> = 0.512, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001, <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic> = 0.292, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.039). Patients receiving systemic antiviral therapy (SAT) showed better VAD of the peripapillary choriocapillary layer (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.001, no therapy: 31.4 \u00b1 1.9%, SAT: 35.0 \u00b1 1.6%), and choroidal layer (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.009, no therapy: 34.2 \u00b1 0.3%, SAT: 36.3 \u00b1 1.8%) compared to those with no SAT.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A lower peripapillary VAD in the SVC might indicate vascular dysfunction as a sign of glaucomatous damage. SAT might have positive effects on the microcirculation in the deep retinal and choroidal layers.<\/jats:p>\n                \n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Trial registration<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>TRN: DRKS00028266, <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.drks.de\/drks_web\/\">https:\/\/www.drks.de\/drks_web\/<\/jats:ext-link>.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-023-06171-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,22]],"date-time":"2023-07-22T09:01:38Z","timestamp":1690016498000},"page":"3263-3274","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Cytomegalovirus-positive Posner-Schlossman syndrome: to compare differences in retinal vessel area density between the affected and non-affected eye using optical coherence tomography angiography"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"261","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2008-3942","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patricia","family":"H\u00fclse","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emanuel","family":"Reitemeyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6202-1710","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anne","family":"R\u00fcbsam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5569-1473","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Uwe","family":"Pleyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8095-0254","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna-Karina B.","family":"Maier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"6171_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1948.00900020525007","volume":"39","author":"A Posner","year":"1948","unstructured":"Posner A, Schlossman A (1948) Syndrome of unilateral recurrent attacks of glaucoma with cyclitic symptoms. Arch Ophthalmol 39:517\u2013535. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/archopht.1948.00900020525007","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"6171_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2016.12.005","volume":"62","author":"R Megaw","year":"2017","unstructured":"Megaw R, Agarwal PK (2017) Posner-Schlossman syndrome. Surv Ophthalmol 62:277\u2013285. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.survophthal.2016.12.005","journal-title":"Surv Ophthalmol"},{"key":"6171_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2021.03.060","volume":"228","author":"DA Jabs","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jabs DA, Caspers L, Chee SP, Goldstein D, McCluskey P, Murray P, Oden N, Palestine AG, Rosenbaum JT, Thorne JE, Trusko BE (2021) Classification criteria for cytomegalovirus anterior uveitis. Am J Ophthalmol 228:89\u201395. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajo.2021.03.060","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"6171_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00136737","volume":"11","author":"E Bloch-Michel","year":"1987","unstructured":"Bloch-Michel E, Dussaix E, Cerqueti P, Patarin D (1987) Possible role of cytomegalovirus infection in the etiology of the Posner-Schlossmann syndrome. Int Ophthalmol 11:95\u201396. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF00136737","journal-title":"Int Ophthalmol"},{"key":"6171_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1358","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2006.09.035","volume":"114","author":"LA van Boxtel","year":"2007","unstructured":"van Boxtel LA, van der Lelij A, van der Meer J, Los LI (2007) Cytomegalovirus as a cause of anterior uveitis in immunocompetent patients.\u00a0Ophthalmology\u00a0114:1358\u20131362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ophtha.2006.09.035","journal-title":"Ophthalmol"},{"key":"6171_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2008.09.001","volume":"146","author":"SP Chee","year":"2008","unstructured":"Chee SP, Jap A (2008) Presumed fuchs heterochromic iridocyclitis and Posner-Schlossman syndrome: comparison of cytomegalovirus-positive and negative eyes. Am J Ophthalmol 146:883\u2013889.e881. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajo.2008.09.001","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"6171_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-013-2535-9","volume":"252","author":"B Sobolewska","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sobolewska B, Deuter C, Doycheva D, Zierhut M (2014) Long-term oral therapy with valganciclovir in patients with Posner-Schlossman syndrome. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 252:117\u2013124. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00417-013-2535-9","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"6171_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"852","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2005.086546","volume":"90","author":"I de Schryver","year":"2006","unstructured":"de Schryver I, Rozenberg F, Cassoux N, Michelson S, Kestelyn P, Lehoang P, Davis JL, Bodaghi B (2006) Diagnosis and treatment of cytomegalovirus iridocyclitis without retinal necrosis. Br J Ophthalmol 90:852\u2013855. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bjo.2005.086546","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"6171_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.2147\/opth.S30476","volume":"6","author":"VW Wong","year":"2012","unstructured":"Wong VW, Chan CK, Leung DY, Lai TY (2012) Long-term results of oral valganciclovir for treatment of anterior segment inflammation secondary to cytomegalovirus infection. Clin Ophthalmol 6:595\u2013600. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/opth.S30476","journal-title":"Clin Ophthalmol"},{"key":"6171_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1666","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2020-317044","volume":"105","author":"MOM Wong","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wong MOM, Yu AHY, Chan CKM (2021) Efficacy and safety of oral valganciclovir in cytomegalovirus anterior uveitis with uncontrolled intraocular pressure. Br J Ophthalmol 105:1666\u20131671. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2020-317044","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"6171_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2021.12.015","volume":"237","author":"M Lenglinger","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lenglinger M, Schick T, Pohlmann D, Pleyer U (2022) Cytomegalovirus positive Posner-Schlossman Syndrome: impact on corneal endothelial cell loss and retinal nerve fiber layer thinning. Am J Ophthalmol 237:290\u2013298. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajo.2021.12.015","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"6171_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2008.156422","volume":"94","author":"M Miyanaga","year":"2010","unstructured":"Miyanaga M, Sugita S, Shimizu N, Morio T, Miyata K, Maruyama K, Kinoshita S, Mochizuki M (2010) A significant association of viral loads with corneal endothelial cell damage in cytomegalovirus anterior uveitis. Br J Ophthalmol 94:336\u2013340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bjo.2008.156422","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"6171_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e10","DOI":"10.1097\/ijg.0000000000001094","volume":"28","author":"P Garala","year":"2019","unstructured":"Garala P, Bansal A (2019) Acute secondary optic neuropathy as a complication of a single episode of acutely raised intraocular pressure: a case series. J Glaucoma 28:e10\u2013e13. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/ijg.0000000000001094","journal-title":"J Glaucoma"},{"key":"6171_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1016\/s0161-6420(01)00551-6","volume":"108","author":"A Jap","year":"2001","unstructured":"Jap A, Sivakumar M, Chee SP (2001) Is Posner Schlossman syndrome benign?\u00a0Ophthalmology\u00a0108:913\u2013918. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0161-6420(01)00551-6","journal-title":"Ophthalmol"},{"key":"6171_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"H183","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00461.2012","volume":"304","author":"RB Gombos","year":"2013","unstructured":"Gombos RB, Brown JC, Teefy J, Gibeault RL, Conn KL, Schang LM, Hemmings DG (2013) Vascular dysfunction in young, mid-aged and aged mice with latent cytomegalovirus infections. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 304:H183\u2013H194. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajpheart.00461.2012","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol"},{"key":"6171_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1437","DOI":"10.1134\/s0006297918120027","volume":"83","author":"AM Lebedeva","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lebedeva AM, Shpektor AV, Vasilieva EY, Margolis LB (2018) Cytomegalovirus infection in cardiovascular diseases.\u00a0Biochem (Mosc)\u00a083:1437\u20131447. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1134\/s0006297918120027","journal-title":"Biochem"},{"key":"6171_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"772","DOI":"10.1128\/cvi.00011-12","volume":"19","author":"PJ van de Berg","year":"2012","unstructured":"van de Berg PJ, Yong SL, Remmerswaal EB, van Lier RA, ten Berge IJ (2012) Cytomegalovirus-induced effector T cells cause endothelial cell damage. Clin Vaccine Immunol 19:772\u2013779. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/cvi.00011-12","journal-title":"Clin Vaccine Immunol"},{"key":"6171_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-16638-0_6","volume-title":"High resolution imaging in microscopy and ophthalmology: new frontiers in biomedical optics","author":"R Rocholz","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rocholz R (2019) OCT Angiography (OCTA) in retinal diagnostics. In: Bille JF (ed) High resolution imaging in microscopy and ophthalmology: new frontiers in biomedical optics. Springer Copyright 2019, Cham (CH), pp 135\u2013160"},{"key":"6171_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1097\/ijg.0000000000001463","volume":"29","author":"HL Rao","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rao HL, Pradhan ZS, Suh MH, Moghimi S, Mansouri K, Weinreb RN (2020) Optical coherence tomography angiography in glaucoma. J Glaucoma 29:312\u2013321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/ijg.0000000000001463","journal-title":"J Glaucoma"},{"key":"6171_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1159\/000442768","volume":"56","author":"G Coscas","year":"2016","unstructured":"Coscas G, Lupidi M, Coscas F (2016) Heidelberg spectralis optical coherence tomography angiography: technical aspects. Dev Ophthalmol 56:1\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000442768","journal-title":"Dev Ophthalmol"},{"key":"6171_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1222","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2020.12.027","volume":"128","author":"D WuDunn","year":"2021","unstructured":"WuDunn D, Takusagawa HL, Sit AJ, Rosdahl JA, Radhakrishnan S, Hoguet A, Han Y, Chen TC (2021) OCT angiography for the diagnosis of glaucoma: a report by the American Academy of Ophthalmology.\u00a0Ophthalmology\u00a0128:1222\u20131235. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ophtha.2020.12.027","journal-title":"Ophthalmol"},{"key":"6171_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23136","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-02296-x","volume":"11","author":"R Shen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Shen R, Wang YM, Cheung CY, Chan PP, Tham CC (2021) Comparison of optical coherence tomography angiography metrics in primary angle-closure glaucoma and normal-tension glaucoma. Sci Rep 11:23136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-021-02296-x","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"6171_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1080\/09273948.2022.2061518","volume":"31","author":"J Chen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chen J, Chen X, Yao Y, Zhu Y (2022) Optical coherence tomography angiography in Posner-Schlossman syndrome - a preliminary study. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 31:891\u2013899. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/09273948.2022.2061518","journal-title":"Ocul Immunol Inflamm"},{"key":"6171_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"886871","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2022.886871","volume":"13","author":"D Liu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Liu D, Fan C, Zhang E, Yang J, Zhang Y, Jiang J (2022) Evaluation of macular and peripapillary blood flow in response to intraocular pressure reduction in patients with Posner-Schlossman syndrome. Front Physiol 13:886871. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphys.2022.886871","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"key":"6171_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-022-02563-z","volume":"22","author":"XJ Guo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Guo XJ, Chen D, Zhou LJ, Luo SK, Lu Y, Guo JJ (2022) Evaluation of macular microvascular density using optical coherence tomography angiography in patients with Posner-Schlossman syndrome. BMC Ophthalmol 22:339. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12886-022-02563-z","journal-title":"BMC Ophthalmol"},{"key":"6171_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-009-1239-7","volume":"248","author":"PC Ruokonen","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ruokonen PC, Metzner S, Ucer A, Torun N, Hofmann J, Pleyer U (2010) Intraocular antibody synthesis against rubella virus and other microorganisms in Fuchs' heterochromic cyclitis. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 248:565\u2013571. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00417-009-1239-7","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"6171_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2005.09.017","volume":"141","author":"JD De Groot-Mijnes","year":"2006","unstructured":"De Groot-Mijnes JD, Rothova A, Van Loon AM, Schuller M, Ten Dam-Van Loon NH, De Boer JH, Schuurman R, Weersink AJ (2006) Polymerase chain reaction and Goldmann-Witmer coefficient analysis are complimentary for the diagnosis of infectious uveitis. Am J Ophthalmol 141:313\u2013318. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajo.2005.09.017","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"6171_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.3390\/v15010185","volume":"15","author":"J Zhang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhang J, Kamoi K, Zong Y, Yang M, Ohno-Matsui K (2023) Cytomegalovirus anterior uveitis: clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment, and immunological mechanisms. Viruses 15:185. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/v15010185","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"6171_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1080\/09273948.2020.1776883","volume":"30","author":"L Wang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wang L, Wang Z, Ma J, Li Q, Chen X, Chen Y, Sun X (2022) Comparison of intraocular antibody measurement, quantitative pathogen PCR, and metagenomic deep sequencing of aqueous humor in secondary glaucoma associated with anterior segment uveitis. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 30:153\u2013159. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/09273948.2020.1776883","journal-title":"Ocul Immunol Inflamm"},{"issue":"1","key":"6171_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-022-02356-4","volume":"22","author":"A Gershoni","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gershoni A, Barayev E, Vainer I, Allon R, Yavnieli R, Shapira Y, Mimouni M, Geffen N, Nemet AY, Segal O (2022) Thickness measurements taken with the spectralis OCT increase with decreasing signal strength. BMC Ophthalmol 22(1):148. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12886-022-02356-4","journal-title":"BMC Ophthalmol"},{"key":"6171_CR31","unstructured":"Engineering H (2023) Hight-resolution, non-invasive vascular imaging. https:\/\/business-lounge.heidelbergengineering.com\/us\/en\/products\/spectralis\/oct-angiography-module\/. Accessed 08 March 2023"},{"key":"6171_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.4103\/joco.joco_326_21","volume":"34","author":"A Khallouli","year":"2022","unstructured":"Khallouli A, Oueslati Y, Gouider D, Bouchoucha S, Maalej A, Rannen R (2022) Diagnostic accuracy and relationship between optical coherence tomography angiography vessel density and structural\/functional parameters in healthy, preperimetric, and manifest glaucoma eyes. J Curr Ophthalmol 34:173\u2013179. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/joco.joco_326_21","journal-title":"J Curr Ophthalmol"},{"key":"6171_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xops.2022.100120","volume":"2","author":"K Hirasawa","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hirasawa K, Yamaguchi J, Nagano K, Kanno J, Kasahara M, Shoji N (2022) Structure-function relationships and glaucoma detection with magnification correction of OCT angiography. Ophthalmol Sci 2:100120. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.xops.2022.100120","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Sci"},{"key":"6171_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1097\/ijg.0000000000001447","volume":"29","author":"RC Penteado","year":"2020","unstructured":"Penteado RC, Bowd C, Proudfoot JA, Moghimi S, Manalastas PIC, Ghahari E, Hou H, Shoji T, Zangwill LM, Weinreb RN (2020) Diagnostic ability of optical coherence tomography angiography macula vessel density for the diagnosis of glaucoma using difference scan sizes. J Glaucoma 29:245\u2013251. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/ijg.0000000000001447","journal-title":"J Glaucoma"},{"key":"6171_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"866","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2018.1627","volume":"136","author":"KH Wan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wan KH, Lam AKN, Leung CK (2018) Optical coherence tomography angiography compared with optical coherence tomography macular measurements for detection of glaucoma. JAMA Ophthalmol 136:866\u2013874. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2018.1627","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol"},{"key":"6171_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.2089","volume":"9","author":"CA Schneider","year":"2012","unstructured":"Schneider CA, Rasband WS, Eliceiri KW (2012) NIH image to ImageJ: 25 years of image analysis. Nat Methods 9:671\u2013675. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nmeth.2089","journal-title":"Nat Methods"},{"key":"6171_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-021-05321-x","volume":"260","author":"A Cornelius","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cornelius A, Pilger D, Riechardt A, Reitemeyer E, R\u00fcbsam A, Winterhalter S, Maier AB (2021) Macular, papillary and peripapillary perfusion densities measured with optical coherence tomography angiography in primary open angle glaucoma and pseudoexfoliation glaucoma. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 260:957\u2013965. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00417-021-05321-x","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"6171_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1965","DOI":"10.1097\/iae.0000000000003547","volume":"42","author":"S Chen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chen S, Zheng G, Yu X, Jiang Y, Lin Z, Lin G, Chen W, Shen M, Lu F (2022) Impact of penetration and image analysis in optical coherence tomography on the measurement of choroidal vascularity parameters. Retin 42:1965\u20131974. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/iae.0000000000003547","journal-title":"Retin"},{"key":"6171_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1994","DOI":"10.21037\/qims-20-340","volume":"10","author":"R Laiginhas","year":"2020","unstructured":"Laiginhas R, Cabral D, Falc\u00e3o M (2020) Evaluation of the different thresholding strategies for quantifying choriocapillaris using optical coherence tomography angiography. Quant Imaging Med Surg 10:1994\u20132005. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21037\/qims-20-340","journal-title":"Quant Imaging Med Surg"},{"key":"6171_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1167\/tvst.11.9.7","volume":"11","author":"IG Freedman","year":"2022","unstructured":"Freedman IG, Li E, Hui L, Adelman RA, Nwanyanwu K, Wang JC (2022) The impact of image processing algorithms on optical coherence tomography angiography metrics and study conclusions in diabetic retinopathy. Transl Vis Sci Technol 11:7. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1167\/tvst.11.9.7","journal-title":"Transl Vis Sci Technol"},{"key":"6171_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17251","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-22091-6","volume":"12","author":"E Reitemeyer","year":"2022","unstructured":"Reitemeyer E, Pahlitzsch M, Cornelius A, Pilger D, Winterhalter S, Maier AB (2022) Stabilization of macular, peripapillary and papillary vascular parameters after XEN and trabeculectomy visualized by the optical coherence tomography angiography. Sci Rep 12:17251. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-022-22091-6","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"6171_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2735","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-019-04491-z","volume":"257","author":"YS Goker","year":"2019","unstructured":"Goker YS, Ozdal PC, Erol YO, K\u0131z\u0131ltoprak H, Karatepe MS (2019) Evaluation of radial peripapillary capillary density in patients with Fuchs uveitis syndrome. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 257:2735\u20132742. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00417-019-04491-z","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"6171_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1103","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2019-314789","volume":"104","author":"S Moghimi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Moghimi S, SafiZadeh M, Xu BY, Fard MA, Khatibi N, Rao HL, Weinreb RN (2020) Vessel density and retinal nerve fibre layer thickness following acute primary angle closure. Br J Ophthalmol 104:1103\u20131108. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2019-314789","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"6171_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1167\/tvst.7.6.21","volume":"7","author":"GM Richter","year":"2018","unstructured":"Richter GM, Chang R, Situ B, Chu Z, Burkemper B, Reznik A, Bedrood S, Kashani AH, Varma R, Wang RK (2018) Diagnostic performance of macular versus peripapillary vessel parameters by optical coherence tomography angiography for glaucoma. Transl Vis Sci Technol 7:21. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1167\/tvst.7.6.21","journal-title":"Transl Vis Sci Technol"},{"key":"6171_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1097\/ijg.0000000000001125","volume":"28","author":"VCH Yip","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yip VCH, Wong HT, Yong VKY, Lim BA, Hee OK, Cheng J, Fu H, Lim C, Tay ELT, Loo-Valdez RG, Teo HY, Lim PHA, Yip LWL (2019) Optical coherence tomography angiography of optic disc and macula vessel density in glaucoma and healthy eyes. J Glaucoma 28:80\u201387. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/ijg.0000000000001125","journal-title":"J Glaucoma"},{"key":"6171_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1179","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-018-3930-z","volume":"256","author":"H Xu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Xu H, Zhai R, Zong Y, Kong X, Jiang C, Sun X, He Y, Li X (2018) Comparison of retinal microvascular changes in eyes with high-tension glaucoma or normal-tension glaucoma: a quantitative optic coherence tomography angiographic study. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 256:1179\u20131186. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00417-018-3930-z","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"6171_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1217","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-020-04643-6","volume":"258","author":"YS Goker","year":"2020","unstructured":"Goker YS, K\u0131z\u0131ltoprak H (2020) Quantitative analysis of radial peripapillary capillary plexuses in patients with clinically unilateral pseudoexfoliation syndrome. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 258:1217\u20131225. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00417-020-04643-6","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"6171_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5409837","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/5409837","volume":"2019","author":"X Zhu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhu X, Zeng W, Wu S, Chen X, Zheng T, Ke M (2019) Measurement of retinal changes in primary acute angle closure glaucoma under different durations of symptoms. J Ophthalmol 2019:5409837. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2019\/5409837","journal-title":"J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"6171_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2019.05.024","volume":"207","author":"L Liu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Liu L, Edmunds B, Takusagawa HL, Tehrani S, Lombardi LH, Morrison JC, Jia Y, Huang D (2019) Projection-resolved optical coherence tomography angiography of the peripapillary retina in glaucoma. Am J Ophthalmol 207:99\u2013109. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajo.2019.05.024","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"6171_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1018","DOI":"10.1080\/02713683.2020.1849728","volume":"46","author":"X Wang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wang X, Chen J, Kong X, Sun X (2021) Quantification of retinal microvascular density using optic coherence tomography angiography in primary angle closure disease. Curr Eye Res 46:1018\u20131024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/02713683.2020.1849728","journal-title":"Curr Eye Res"},{"key":"6171_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2389","DOI":"10.1007\/s10792-021-01793-2","volume":"41","author":"L Nie","year":"2021","unstructured":"Nie L, Xu J, Fu L, Ye Y, Chan YK, Li T, Pan W, Lu P (2021) Changes in circumpapillary retinal vessel density after acute primary angle closure episode via OCT angiography. Int Ophthalmol 41:2389\u20132397. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10792-021-01793-2","journal-title":"Int Ophthalmol"},{"key":"6171_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.18-25915","volume":"60","author":"S Moghimi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Moghimi S, SafiZadeh M, Fard MA, Motamed-Gorji N, Khatibi N, Chen R, Weinreb RN (2019) Changes in optic nerve head vessel density after acute primary angle closure episode. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 60:552\u2013558. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1167\/iovs.18-25915","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"6171_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8909714","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/8909714","volume":"2018","author":"JH In","year":"2018","unstructured":"In JH, Lee SY, Cho SH, Hong YJ (2018) Peripapillary vessel density reversal after trabeculectomy in glaucoma. J Ophthalmol 2018:8909714. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2018\/8909714","journal-title":"J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"6171_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2007.125187","volume":"92","author":"B Siesky","year":"2008","unstructured":"Siesky B, Harris A, Cantor LB, Kagemann L, Weitzman Y, McCranor L, Marques C, Werne A, Stefansson E (2008) A comparative study of the effects of brinzolamide and dorzolamide on retinal oxygen saturation and ocular microcirculation in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma. Br J Ophthalmol 92:500\u2013504. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bjo.2007.125187","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"6171_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1293","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2005.067637","volume":"89","author":"G Fuchsj\u00e4ger-Mayrl","year":"2005","unstructured":"Fuchsj\u00e4ger-Mayrl G, Wally B, Rainer G, Buehl W, Aggermann T, Kolodjaschna J, Weigert G, Polska E, Eichler HG, Vass C, Schmetterer L (2005) Effect of dorzolamide and timolol on ocular blood flow in patients with primary open angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension. Br J Ophthalmol 89:1293\u20131297. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bjo.2005.067637","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"6171_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102611","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2021.102611","volume":"37","author":"A Naderi Beni","year":"2022","unstructured":"Naderi Beni A, Imani Z, Ghanbari H (2022) Comparison of peripapillary and macular vascular density in primary open-angle glaucoma, pseudoexfoliation glaucoma, and normal control eyes. Photodiagn Photodyn Ther 37:102611. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2021.102611","journal-title":"Photodiagn Photodyn Ther"},{"key":"6171_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2019.12.030","volume":"127","author":"H Hou","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hou H, Moghimi S, Proudfoot JA, Ghahari E, Penteado RC, Bowd C, Yang D, Weinreb RN (2020) Ganglion cell complex thickness and macular vessel density loss in primary open-angle glaucoma. Ophthalmol 127:1043\u20131052. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ophtha.2019.12.030","journal-title":"Ophthalmol"},{"key":"6171_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1080\/02713683.2018.1563195","volume":"44","author":"J Wu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wu J, Sebastian RT, Chu CJ, McGregor F, Dick AD, Liu L (2019) Reduced macular vessel density and capillary perfusion in glaucoma detected using OCT angiography. Curr Eye Res 44:533\u2013540. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/02713683.2018.1563195","journal-title":"Curr Eye Res"},{"key":"6171_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1589","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2017.06.002","volume":"124","author":"HL Takusagawa","year":"2017","unstructured":"Takusagawa HL, Liu L, Ma KN, Jia Y, Gao SS, Zhang M, Edmunds B, Parikh M, Tehrani S, Morrison JC, Huang D (2017) Projection-resolved optical coherence tomography angiography of macular retinal circulation in glaucoma. Ophthalmology 124:1589\u20131599. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ophtha.2017.06.002","journal-title":"Ophthalmol"},{"key":"6171_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2021.05.019","volume":"230","author":"KL Hong","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hong KL, Burkemper B, Urrea AL, Chang BR, Lee JC, LeTran VH, Chu Z, Zhou X, Xu BY, Wong BJ, Song BJ, Jiang X, Wang RK, Varma R, Richter GM (2021) Hemiretinal asymmetry in peripapillary vessel density in healthy, glaucoma suspect, and glaucoma eyes. Am J Ophthalmol 230:156\u2013165. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajo.2021.05.019","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"6171_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1858","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2012.03.044","volume":"119","author":"CK Leung","year":"2012","unstructured":"Leung CK, Yu M, Weinreb RN, Lai G, Xu G, Lam DS (2012) Retinal nerve fiber layer imaging with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography: patterns of retinal nerve fiber layer progression. Ophthalmology 119:1858\u20131866. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ophtha.2012.03.044","journal-title":"Ophthalmol"},{"key":"6171_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2498","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2016.08.041","volume":"123","author":"A Yarmohammadi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Yarmohammadi A, Zangwill LM, Diniz-Filho A, Suh MH, Yousefi S, Saunders LJ, Belghith A, Manalastas PI, Medeiros FA, Weinreb RN (2016) Relationship between optical coherence tomography angiography vessel density and severity of visual field loss in glaucoma. Ophthalmology 123:2498\u20132508. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ophtha.2016.08.041","journal-title":"Ophthalmol"},{"key":"6171_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2016.07.015","volume":"170","author":"Z Mammo","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mammo Z, Heisler M, Balaratnasingam C, Lee S, Yu DY, Mackenzie P, Schendel S, Merkur A, Kirker A, Albiani D, Navajas E, Beg MF, Morgan W, Sarunic MV (2016) Quantitative optical coherence tomography angiography of radial peripapillary capillaries in glaucoma, glaucoma suspect, and normal eyes. Am J Ophthalmol 170:41\u201349. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajo.2016.07.015","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"6171_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1955","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-021-05120-4","volume":"259","author":"Y Huo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Huo Y, Thomas R, Guo Y, Zhang W, Li L, Cao K, Wang H, Wang N (2021) Superficial macular vessel density in eyes with mild, moderate, and severe primary open-angle glaucoma. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 259:1955\u20131963. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00417-021-05120-4","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"6171_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1097\/ijg.0000000000000964","volume":"27","author":"RC Penteado","year":"2018","unstructured":"Penteado RC, Zangwill LM, Daga FB, Saunders LJ, Manalastas PIC, Shoji T, Akagi T, Christopher M, Yarmohammadi A, Moghimi S, Weinreb RN (2018) Optical coherence tomography angiography macular vascular density measurements and the central 10-2 visual field in glaucoma. J Glaucoma 27:481\u2013489. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/ijg.0000000000000964","journal-title":"J Glaucoma"},{"key":"6171_CR66","unstructured":"Okonkwo ON, Tripathy K (2022) Posner-Schlossman Syndrome. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing. Available from: https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK576412\/"},{"key":"6171_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1016\/s1369-5274(02)00334-x","volume":"5","author":"MA Jarvis","year":"2002","unstructured":"Jarvis MA, Nelson JA (2002) Human cytomegalovirus persistence and latency in endothelial cells and macrophages. Curr Opin Microbiol 5:403\u2013407. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s1369-5274(02)00334-x","journal-title":"Curr Opin Microbiol"},{"key":"6171_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1007040","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1007040","volume":"14","author":"V Voigt","year":"2018","unstructured":"Voigt V, Andoniou CE, Schuster IS, Oszmiana A, Ong ML, Fleming P, Forrester JV, Degli-Esposti MA (2018) Cytomegalovirus establishes a latent reservoir and triggers long-lasting inflammation in the eye. PLoS Pathog 14:e1007040. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.1007040","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"6171_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-022-02348-4","volume":"22","author":"X Fan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Fan X, Li Z, Zhai R, Sheng Q, Kong X (2022) Clinical characteristics of virus-related uveitic secondary glaucoma: focus on cytomegalovirus and varicella zoster virus. BMC Ophthalmol 22:130. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12886-022-02348-4","journal-title":"BMC Ophthalmol"},{"key":"6171_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1024","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2014.08.007","volume":"158","author":"CC Su","year":"2014","unstructured":"Su CC, Hu FR, Wang TH, Huang JY, Yeh PT, Lin CP, Wang IJ (2014) Clinical outcomes in cytomegalovirus-positive Posner-Schlossman syndrome patients treated with topical ganciclovir therapy. Am J Ophthalmol 158:1024\u20131031.e1022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajo.2014.08.007","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"6171_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2018.07.021","volume":"194","author":"S Touhami","year":"2018","unstructured":"Touhami S, Qu L, Angi M, Bojanova M, Touitou V, Lehoang P, Rozenberg F, Bodaghi B (2018) Cytomegalovirus anterior uveitis: clinical characteristics and long-term outcomes in a French series. Am J Ophthalmol 194:134\u2013142. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajo.2018.07.021","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"6171_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1659","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.06-0950","volume":"48","author":"JC Tsai","year":"2007","unstructured":"Tsai JC, Lin PW, Teng MC, Lai IC (2007) Longitudinal changes in retinal nerve fiber layer thickness after acute primary angle closure measured with optical coherence tomography. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 48:1659\u20131664. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1167\/iovs.06-0950","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"}],"container-title":["Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00417-023-06171-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00417-023-06171-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00417-023-06171-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,19]],"date-time":"2023-10-19T09:06:35Z","timestamp":1697706395000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00417-023-06171-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,22]]},"references-count":72,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]}},"alternative-id":["6171"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00417-023-06171-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["0721-832X","1435-702X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0721-832X","type":"print"},{"value":"1435-702X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"13 March 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 June 2023","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 July 2023","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 July 2023","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the Ethics Committee of the Charit\u00e9\u2013Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin (EA4\/168\/17) and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. Clinical trial registration was performed (website: https:\/\/www.drks.de\/drks_web\/, trial number: DRKS00028266).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}},{"value":"P.H. and E.R. report no financial interests. AR received speaking honoraria from Bayer Healthcare, Roche, and Novartis and served as a consultant for Novartis. AR receives research support from Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) (RU 2020\/3-1). A.-K. M. has served as a consultant for Allergan and Novartis. U.P. has served as a principal investigator or consultant for AbbVie, Alcon, Allergan, Alimera, Bayer, Domp\u00e9, Novartis, Santen, Shire, and Thea.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}