{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,24]],"date-time":"2025-07-24T11:33:58Z","timestamp":1753356838149,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,2]],"date-time":"2023-08-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690934400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,2]],"date-time":"2023-08-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690934400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Universit\u00e4tsklinikum des Saarlandes und Medizinische Fakult\u00e4t der Universit\u00e4t des Saarlandes"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This study uses bootstrapping to evaluate the technical variability (in terms of model parameter variation) of Zernike corneal surface fit parameters based on Casia2 biometric data.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Using a dataset containing <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic> = 6953 Casia2 biometric measurements from a cataractous population, a Fringe Zernike polynomial surface of radial degree 10 (36 components) was fitted to the height data. The fit error (height \u2013 reconstruction) was bootstrapped 100 times after normalisation. After reversal of normalisation, the bootstrapped fit errors were added to the reconstructed height, and characteristic surface parameters (flat\/steep axis, radii, and asphericities in both axes) extracted. The median parameters refer to a robust surface representation for later estimates of elevation, whereas the SD of the 100 bootstraps refers to the variability of the surface fit.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Bootstrapping gave median radius and asphericity values of 7.74\/7.68 mm and \u22120.20\/\u22120.24 for the corneal front surface in the flat\/steep meridian and 6.52\/6.37 mm and \u22120.22\/\u22120.31 for the corneal back surface. The respective SD values for the 100 bootstraps were 0.0032\/0.0028 mm and 0.0093\/0.0082 for the front and 0.0126\/0.0115 mm and 0.0366\/0.0312 for the back surface. The uncertainties for the back surface are systematically larger as compared to the uncertainties of the front surface.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>As measured with the Casia2 tomographer, the fit parameters for the corneal back surface exhibit a larger degree of variability compared with those for the front surface. Further studies are needed to show whether these uncertainties are representative for the situation where actual repeat measurements are possible.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-023-06186-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,2]],"date-time":"2023-08-02T11:02:06Z","timestamp":1690974126000},"page":"505-517","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Technical variability of cornea parameters derived from anterior segment OCT fitted with Fringe Zernike polynomials"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"262","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9175-6177","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Achim","family":"Langenbucher","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"N\u00f3ra","family":"Szentm\u00e1ry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alan","family":"Cayless","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jascha","family":"Wendelstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Hoffmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,2]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"6186_CR1","first-page":"582","volume":"40","author":"A Langenbucher","year":"1999","unstructured":"Langenbucher A, Seitz B, Kus MM, Naumann GO (1999) Zernike representation of corneal topography height data after nonmechanical penetrating keratoplasty. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 40(3):582\u2013591","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"6186_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1076\/ceyr.24.6.422.8597","volume":"24","author":"A Langenbucher","year":"2002","unstructured":"Langenbucher A, Seitz B, Naumann GO (2002) Three-axis ellipsoidal fitting of videokeratoscopic height data after penetrating keratoplasty. Curr Eye Res 24(6):422\u2013429. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1076\/ceyr.24.6.422.8597","journal-title":"Curr Eye Res"},{"issue":"10","key":"6186_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2105","DOI":"10.1364\/josaa.12.002105","volume":"12","author":"J Schwiegerling","year":"1995","unstructured":"Schwiegerling J, Greivenkamp JE, Miller JM (1995) Representation of videokeratoscopic height data with Zernike polynomials. J Opt Soc Am A Opt Image Sci Vis 12(10):2105\u20132113. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/josaa.12.002105","journal-title":"J Opt Soc Am A Opt Image Sci Vis"},{"key":"6186_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1080\/02713683.2018.1441873","volume":"43","author":"S Schr\u00f6der","year":"2018","unstructured":"Schr\u00f6der S, M\u00e4urer S, Eppig T, Seitzs B, Rubly K, Langenbucher A (2018) Comparison of corneal tomography. Repeatability, precision, misalignment, mean elevation, and mean pachymetry. Curr Eye Res 43:709\u2013716. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/02713683.2018.1441873","journal-title":"Curr Eye Res"},{"key":"6186_CR5","unstructured":"Gross H (2015) Imaging and aberration theory: Lecture 12: Zernike polynomials 2015-01-29. https:\/\/docslib.org\/doc\/4768414\/iat14-imaging-and-aberration-theory-lecture-12-zernike-polynomials-pdf (26 April 2023)"},{"issue":"1","key":"6186_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1109\/10.900255","volume":"48","author":"DR Iskander","year":"2001","unstructured":"Iskander DR, Collins MJ, Davis B (2001) Optimal modeling of corneal surfaces with Zernike polynomials. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 48(1):87\u201395. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/10.900255","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Biomed Eng"},{"issue":"5","key":"6186_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0269119","DOI":"10.1371\/journalpone.0269119","volume":"17","author":"P Omidi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Omidi P, Cayless A, Langenbucher A (2022) Evaluation of optimal Zernike radial degree for representing corneal surfaces. PLoS One 17(5):e0269119. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journalpone.0269119","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"6","key":"6186_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1111\/opo.12155","volume":"34","author":"P Rodr\u00edguez","year":"2014","unstructured":"Rodr\u00edguez P, Navarro R, Rozema JJ (2014) Eigencorneas: application of principal component analysis to corneal topography. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 34(6):667\u2013677. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/opo.12155","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Physiol Opt"},{"issue":"12","key":"6186_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2350","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2005.05.025","volume":"31","author":"MK Smolek","year":"2005","unstructured":"Smolek MK, Klyce SD (2005) Goodness-of-prediction of Zernike polynomial fitting to corneal surfaces. J Cataract Refract Surg 31(12):2350\u20132355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcrs.2005.05.025","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"issue":"12","key":"6186_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2203","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2004.834252","volume":"51","author":"DR Iskander","year":"2004","unstructured":"Iskander DR, Morelande MR, Collins MJ, B\u00fchren T (2004) A refined bootstrap method for estimating the Zernike polynomial model order for corneal surfaces. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 51(12):2203\u20132206. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TBME.2004.834252","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Biomed Eng"},{"issue":"3","key":"6186_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1214\/ss\/1032280214","volume":"11","author":"TJ DiCiccio","year":"1996","unstructured":"DiCiccio TJ, Efron B (1996) Bootstrap confidence intervals. Stat Sci 11(3):189\u2013228. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1214\/ss\/1032280214","journal-title":"Stat Sci"},{"key":"6186_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511802843","volume-title":"Bootstrap methods and their applications","author":"AC Davison","year":"1997","unstructured":"Davison AC, Hinkley DV (1997) Bootstrap methods and their applications. Cambridge University Press. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/CBO9780511802843"},{"key":"6186_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1137\/1.9781611970319","volume-title":"The jackknife, the bootstrap and other resampling plans. Philadelphia: The Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics. Monograph 38","author":"B Efron","year":"1982","unstructured":"Efron B (1982) The jackknife, the bootstrap and other resampling plans. Philadelphia: The Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics. Monograph 38. SIAM, Philadelphia, PA. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1137\/1.9781611970319"},{"key":"6186_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4899-4541-4549","volume-title":"An introduction to the bootstrap","author":"B Efron","year":"1993","unstructured":"Efron B, Tibshirani RJ (1993) An introduction to the bootstrap. Chapman & Hall, New York. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-1-4899-4541-4549"},{"key":"6186_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Langenbucher A, Szentm\u00e1ry N, Cayless A, Wendelstein J, Hoffmann P (2022) Evaluating intraocular lens power formula constant robustness using bootstrap algorithms. Acta Ophthalmol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/aos.15277","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.15277"},{"issue":"2","key":"6186_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2008.2006019","volume":"56","author":"M Schneider","year":"2009","unstructured":"Schneider M, Iskander DR, Collins MJ (2009) Modeling corneal surfaces with rational functions for high-speed videokeratoscopy data compression. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 56(2):493\u2013499. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TBME.2008.2006019","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Biomed Eng"},{"issue":"3","key":"6186_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1016\/s0886-3350(02)01512-2","volume":"29","author":"PR Preussner","year":"2003","unstructured":"Preussner PR, Wahl J, Kramann C (2003) Corneal model. J Cataract Refract Surg 29(3):471\u2013477. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0886-3350(02)01512-2","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"6186_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1177\/026119290102900511","volume":"29","author":"AP Worth","year":"2001","unstructured":"Worth AP, Cronin MT (2001) The use of bootstrap resampling to assess the variability of Draize tissue scores. Altern Lab Anim 29(5):557\u2013573. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/026119290102900511","journal-title":"Altern Lab Anim"},{"issue":"8","key":"6186_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1684","DOI":"10.1364\/josaa.14.001684","volume":"14","author":"HL Liou","year":"1997","unstructured":"Liou HL, Brennan NA (1997) Anatomically accurate, finite model eye for optical modeling. J Opt Soc Am A Opt Image Sci Vis 14(8):1684\u20131695. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/josaa.14.001684","journal-title":"J Opt Soc Am A Opt Image Sci Vis"}],"container-title":["Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00417-023-06186-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00417-023-06186-y\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00417-023-06186-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,5]],"date-time":"2024-02-05T09:05:09Z","timestamp":1707123909000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00417-023-06186-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,2]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]}},"alternative-id":["6186"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00417-023-06186-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["0721-832X","1435-702X"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0721-832X"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1435-702X"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"31 December 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 June 2023","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 July 2023","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 August 2023","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the \u00c4rztekammer des Saarlandes and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. The local ethics committee has provided a waiver for this study (\u00c4rztekammer des Saarlandes, 157\/21). All data processed in this study were already anonymised at the source before being transferred to us for processing. This precludes any back-tracing of the identity, and therefore informed consent of the patients was not necessary.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Dr. Langenbucher reports speaker fees from Hoya Surgical and Johnson & Johnson Vision outside the submitted work. Dr. Szentm\u00e1ry and Dr. Cayless report no financial or proprietary interests. Dr. Wendelstein reports speaker fees from Carl Zeiss Meditec AG, Alcon, and Johnson & Johnson Vision outside of the submitted work. Dr. Hoffmann reports speaker fees from Hoya Surgical and Johnson & Johnson outside the submitted work.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}