{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T06:51:43Z","timestamp":1775631103107,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,30]],"date-time":"2023-08-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693353600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,30]],"date-time":"2023-08-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693353600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-023-06218-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,30]],"date-time":"2023-08-30T01:01:53Z","timestamp":1693357313000},"page":"477-485","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Metformin protects human lens epithelial cells from high glucose-induced senescence and autophagy inhibition by upregulating SIRT1"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"262","author":[{"given":"Yushan","family":"Fu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ruitong","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Su","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jianfeng","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1433-375X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nan","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"6218_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1261","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-05284-x","volume":"12","author":"JS Albert-Garay","year":"2022","unstructured":"Albert-Garay JS, Riesgo-Escovar JR, Salceda R (2022) High glucose concentrations induce oxidative stress by inhibiting Nrf2 expression in rat Muller retinal cells in vitro. Sci Rep 12:1261","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"6218_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1158\/1940-6207.CAPR-11-0536","volume":"5","author":"C Algire","year":"2012","unstructured":"Algire C, Moiseeva O, Deschenes-Simard X, Amrein L, Petruccelli L, Birman E, Viollet B, Ferbeyre G, Pollak MN (2012) Metformin reduces endogenous reactive oxygen species and associated DNA damage. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 5:536\u2013543","journal-title":"Cancer Prev Res (Phila)"},{"key":"6218_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"929118","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2022.929118","volume":"13","author":"PM Bertelli","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bertelli PM, Pedrini E, Hughes D, McDonnell S, Pathak V, Peixoto E, Guduric-Fuchs J, Stitt AW, Medina RJ (2022) Long term high glucose exposure induces premature senescence in retinal endothelial cells. Front Physiol 13:929118","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"key":"6218_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1038\/s41420-021-00800-w","volume":"8","author":"M Chen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chen M, Fu Y, Wang X, Wu R, Su D, Zhou N, Qi Y (2022) Metformin protects lens epithelial cells against senescence in a naturally aged mouse model. Cell Death Dis 8:8","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis"},{"key":"6218_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8376","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.16797","volume":"25","author":"M Chen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chen M, Zhang C, Zhou N, Wang X, Su D, Qi Y (2021) Metformin alleviates oxidative stress-induced senescence of human lens epithelial cells via AMPK activation and autophagic flux restoration. J Cell Mol Med 25:8376\u20138389","journal-title":"J Cell Mol Med"},{"key":"6218_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"C492","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00277.2017","volume":"314","author":"J Gao","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gao J, Minogue PJ, Beyer EC, Mathias RT, Berthoud VM (2018) Disruption of the lens circulation causes calcium accumulation and precipitates in connexin mutant mice. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 314:C492\u2013C503","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Cell Physiol"},{"key":"6218_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2019.10.005","volume":"179","author":"V Gorgoulis","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gorgoulis V, Adams PD, Alimonti A, Bennett DC, Bischof O, Bishop C, Campisi J, Collado M, Evangelou K, Ferbeyre G, Gil J, Hara E, Krizhanovsky V, Jurk D, Maier AB, Narita M, Niedernhofer L, Passos JF, Robbins PD et al (2019) Cellular senescence: defining a path forward. Cell 179:813\u2013827","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"6218_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI64094","volume":"123","author":"JA Hall","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hall JA, Dominy JE, Lee Y, Puigserver P (2013) The sirtuin family's role in aging and age-associated pathologies. J Clin Invest 123:973\u2013979","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"6218_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1586","DOI":"10.1248\/bpb.b18-00328","volume":"41","author":"Y Higashi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Higashi Y, Higashi K, Mori A, Sakamoto K, Ishii K, Nakahara T (2018) Anti-cataract effect of resveratrol in high-glucose-treated streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Biol Pharm Bull 41:1586\u20131592","journal-title":"Biol Pharm Bull"},{"key":"6218_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2014.12.013","volume":"57","author":"R Huang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Huang R, Xu Y, Wan W, Shou X, Qian J, You Z, Liu B, Chang C, Zhou T, Lippincott-Schwartz J, Liu W (2015) Deacetylation of nuclear LC3 drives autophagy initiation under starvation. Mol Cell 57:456\u2013466","journal-title":"Mol Cell"},{"key":"6218_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2018.01.018","volume":"1864","author":"S Karnewar","year":"2018","unstructured":"Karnewar S, Neeli PK, Panuganti D, Kotagiri S, Mallappa S, Jain N, Jerald MK, Kotamraju S (2018) Metformin regulates mitochondrial biogenesis and senescence through AMPK mediated H3K79 methylation: Relevance in age-associated vascular dysfunction. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol basis Dis 1864:1115\u20131128","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta Mol basis Dis"},{"key":"6218_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.4239\/wjd.v10.i3.140","volume":"10","author":"H Kiziltoprak","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kiziltoprak H, Tekin K, Inanc M, Goker YS (2019) Cataract in diabetes mellitus. World J Diabetes 10:140\u2013153","journal-title":"World J Diabetes"},{"key":"6218_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2020.04.001","volume":"32","author":"AS Kulkarni","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kulkarni AS, Gubbi S, Barzilai N (2020) Benefits of metformin in attenuating the hallmarks of aging. Cell Metab 32:15\u201330","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"key":"6218_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109768","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2020.109768","volume":"75","author":"J Li","year":"2020","unstructured":"Li J, Ye W, Xu W, Chang T, Zhang L, Ma J, Pei R, He M, Zhou J (2020) Activation of autophagy inhibits epithelial to mesenchymal transition process of human lens epithelial cells induced by high glucose conditions. Cell Signal 75:109768","journal-title":"Cell Signal"},{"key":"6218_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2126","DOI":"10.1126\/science.289.5487.2126","volume":"289","author":"SJ Lin","year":"2000","unstructured":"Lin SJ, Defossez PA, Guarente L (2000) Requirement of NAD and SIR2 for life-span extension by calorie restriction in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Science 289:2126\u20132128","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"6218_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu X, Zhao X, Cheng R, Huang Y (2020) Autophagy attenuates high glucose-induced oxidative injury to lens epithelial cells. Biosci Rep 40","DOI":"10.1042\/BSR20193006"},{"key":"6218_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2022.11.001","volume":"186","author":"C Lopez-Otin","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lopez-Otin C, Blasco MA, Partridge L, Serrano M, Kroemer G (2023) Hallmarks of aging: an expanding universe. Cell 186:243\u2013278","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"6218_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1024","DOI":"10.1366\/0003702054615133","volume":"59","author":"CC Pelletier","year":"2005","unstructured":"Pelletier CC, Lambert JL, Borchert M (2005) Determination of glucose in human aqueous humor using Raman spectroscopy and designed-solution calibration. Appl Spectrosc 59:1024\u20131031","journal-title":"Appl Spectrosc"},{"key":"6218_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.5604\/01.3001.0010.3801","volume":"71","author":"M Podhorecka","year":"2017","unstructured":"Podhorecka M, Ibanez B, Dmoszynska A (2017) Metformin - its potential anti-cancer and anti-aging effects. Postepy Hig Med Dosw (Online) 71:170\u2013175","journal-title":"Postepy Hig Med Dosw (Online)"},{"key":"6218_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110628","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2019.110628","volume":"500","author":"H Ren","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ren H, Shao Y, Wu C, Ma X, Lv C, Wang Q (2020) Metformin alleviates oxidative stress and enhances autophagy in diabetic kidney disease via AMPK\/SIRT1-FoxO1 pathway. Mol Cell Endocrinol 500:110628","journal-title":"Mol Cell Endocrinol"},{"key":"6218_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15998","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0404184101","volume":"101","author":"B Rogina","year":"2004","unstructured":"Rogina B, Helfand SL (2004) Sir2 mediates longevity in the fly through a pathway related to calorie restriction. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 101:15998\u201316003","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"6218_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1429","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1204592","volume":"332","author":"C Settembre","year":"2011","unstructured":"Settembre C, Di Malta C, Polito VA, Garcia Arencibia M, Vetrini F, Erdin S, Erdin SU, Huynh T, Medina D, Colella P, Sardiello M, Rubinsztein DC, Ballabio A (2011) TFEB links autophagy to lysosomal biogenesis. Science 332:1429\u20131433","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"6218_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.4161\/auto.5269","volume":"4","author":"A Simonsen","year":"2008","unstructured":"Simonsen A, Cumming RC, Brech A, Isakson P, Schubert DR, Finley KD (2008) Promoting basal levels of autophagy in the nervous system enhances longevity and oxidant resistance in adult Drosophila. Autophagy 4:176\u2013184","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"key":"6218_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1197","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-151200","volume":"51","author":"SM Son","year":"2016","unstructured":"Son SM, Shin HJ, Byun J, Kook SY, Moon M, Chang YJ, Mook-Jung I (2016) Metformin facilitates amyloid-beta generation by beta- and gamma-secretases via autophagy activation. J Alzheimers Dis 51:1197\u20131208","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"6218_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.4161\/15548627.2014.984271","volume":"11","author":"YM Song","year":"2015","unstructured":"Song YM, Lee YH, Kim JW, Ham DS, Kang ES, Cha BS, Lee HC, Lee BW (2015) Metformin alleviates hepatosteatosis by restoring SIRT1-mediated autophagy induction via an AMP-activated protein kinase-independent pathway. Autophagy 11:46\u201359","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"key":"6218_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5007","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.19-27535","volume":"60","author":"RJW Truscott","year":"2019","unstructured":"Truscott RJW, Friedrich MG (2019) Molecular processes implicated in human age-related nuclear cataract. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 60:5007\u20135021","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"6218_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1630","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-017-4349-5","volume":"60","author":"WM Valencia","year":"2017","unstructured":"Valencia WM, Palacio A, Tamariz L, Florez H (2017) Metformin and ageing: improving ageing outcomes beyond glycaemic control. Diabetologia 60:1630\u20131638","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"6218_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1770","DOI":"10.2337\/db10-0351","volume":"60","author":"Z Xie","year":"2011","unstructured":"Xie Z, Lau K, Eby B, Lozano P, He C, Pennington B, Li H, Rathi S, Dong Y, Tian R, Kem D, Zou MH (2011) Improvement of cardiac functions by chronic metformin treatment is associated with enhanced cardiac autophagy in diabetic OVE26 mice. Diabetes 60:1770\u20131778","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"6218_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1170","DOI":"10.1038\/s41556-020-00579-5","volume":"22","author":"C Xu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Xu C, Wang L, Fozouni P, Evjen G, Chandra V, Jiang J, Lu C, Nicastri M, Bretz C, Winkler JD, Amaravadi R, Garcia BA, Adams PD, Ott M, Tong W, Johansen T, Dou Z, Berger SL (2020) SIRT1 is downregulated by autophagy in senescence and ageing. Nat Cell Biol 22:1170\u20131179","journal-title":"Nat Cell Biol"},{"key":"6218_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2018.02.001","volume":"289","author":"Y Xu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Xu Y, Li Y, Ma L, Xin G, Wei Z, Zeng Z, Xing Z, Li S, Niu H, Huang W (2018) d-galactose induces premature senescence of lens epithelial cells by disturbing autophagy flux and mitochondrial functions. Toxicol Lett 289:99\u2013106","journal-title":"Toxicol Lett"},{"key":"6218_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2020.113165","volume":"261","author":"Q Yao","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yao Q, Zhou Y, Yang Y, Cai L, Xu L, Han X, Guo Y, Li PA (2020) Activation of Sirtuin1 by lyceum barbarum polysaccharides in protection against diabetic cataract. J Ethnopharmacol 261:113165","journal-title":"J Ethnopharmacol"},{"key":"6218_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77360","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.20483","volume":"8","author":"L Zhang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zhang L, Cheng R, Huang Y (2017) MiR-30a inhibits BECN1-mediated autophagy in diabetic cataract. Oncotarget 8:77360\u201377368","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"6218_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.2337\/db11-0416","volume":"61","author":"Z Zheng","year":"2012","unstructured":"Zheng Z, Chen H, Li J, Li T, Zheng B, Zheng Y, Jin H, He Y, Gu Q, Xu X (2012) Sirtuin 1-mediated cellular metabolic memory of high glucose via the LKB1\/AMPK\/ROS pathway and therapeutic effects of metformin. Diabetes 61:217\u2013228","journal-title":"Diabetes"}],"container-title":["Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00417-023-06218-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00417-023-06218-7\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00417-023-06218-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,5]],"date-time":"2024-02-05T09:05:12Z","timestamp":1707123912000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00417-023-06218-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,30]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]}},"alternative-id":["6218"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00417-023-06218-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["0721-832X","1435-702X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0721-832X","type":"print"},{"value":"1435-702X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"24 April 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 July 2023","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 August 2023","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 August 2023","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}