{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T03:30:01Z","timestamp":1790047801328,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,8]],"date-time":"2023-11-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1699401600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,8]],"date-time":"2023-11-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1699401600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Shanghai Committee of Science and Technology, China","award":["20S31905800"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20S31905800"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81870692"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81870692"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82030027"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82030027"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81790641"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81790641"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Clinical Research Plan of SHDC","award":["SHDC2020CR6029"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SHDC2020CR6029"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020YFA0112700"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020YFA0112700"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>To evaluate the anterior segment structures using ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) in primary congenital glaucoma (PCG) and explore their correlation with disease severity and surgical outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Clinical information of PCG patients who underwent UBM prior to their first glaucoma surgeries from September 2014 to March 2021 were reviewed. The study included 214 UBM images of 154 PCG eyes and 60 fellow unaffected eyes. Anterior segment characteristics were analyzed. UBM parameters, including the iris thickness (IT) at variant distances from the pupil edge and iris root, anterior chamber depth (ACD), and pupil diameter (PD), were compared between two groups and their relationship with clinical factors and surgical outcomes were analyzed in PCG eyes.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>PCG eyes had unclear scleral spur, thin iris, wide anterior chamber angle, deep anterior chamber, rarefied ciliary body, elongated ciliary processes, and abnormal anterior iris insertion. ITs were thinner, ACD was deeper, and PD was larger in PCG eyes than fellow unaffected eyes (all <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001). In PCG eyes, thinner ITs correlated with bilateral involvement and earlier age at presentation, and larger PD correlated with earlier age at presentation (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.030) and higher intraocular pressure (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001). Thinner IT2 (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.046) and larger PD (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.049) were identified as risk factors for surgical failure.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>UBM is a powerful technique to exam anterior segment structures in PCG. The anatomical features are associated with disease severity and surgical outcomes, providing essential clinical insights.<\/jats:p>\n                \n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-023-06308-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,8]],"date-time":"2023-11-08T10:02:08Z","timestamp":1699437728000},"page":"1245-1252","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["The correlation of anterior segment structures in primary congenital glaucoma by ultrasound biomicroscopy with disease severity and surgical outcomes"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"262","author":[{"given":"Qingdan","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Youjia","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xueli","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinghuai","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuhong","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"6308_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4100","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.06-1350","volume":"48","author":"M Papadopoulos","year":"2007","unstructured":"Papadopoulos M, Cable N, Rahi J, Khaw PT, Investigators BIGES (2007) The British Infantile and Childhood Glaucoma (Big) Eye Study. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 48:4100\u20134106. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1167\/iovs.06-1350","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"6308_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2018.08.022","volume":"196","author":"Y Shi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Shi Y, Wang H, Han Y, Cao K, Vu V, Hu M, Xin C, Zhang Q, Wang N (2018) Correlation between trabeculodysgenesis assessed by ultrasound biomicroscopy and surgical outcomes in primary congenital glaucoma. Am J Ophthalmol 196:57\u201364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajo.2018.08.022","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"6308_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4421","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI95545","volume":"127","author":"BR Thomson","year":"2017","unstructured":"Thomson BR, Souma T, Tompson SW, Onay T, Kizhatil K, Siggs OM, Feng L, Whisenhunt KN, Yanovitch TL, Kalaydjieva L, Azmanov DN, Finzi S, Tanna CE, Hewitt AW, Mackey DA, Bradfield YS, Souzeau E, Javadiyan S, Wiggs JL et al (2017) Angiopoietin-1 is required for Schlemm\u2019s canal development in mice and humans. J Clin Invest 127:4421\u20134436. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1172\/JCI95545","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"6308_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.4103\/0301-4738.179716","volume":"64","author":"A Hoguet","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hoguet A, Grajewski A, Hodapp E, Chang TC (2016) A retrospective survey of childhood glaucoma prevalence according to Childhood Glaucoma Research Network Classification. Indian J Ophthalmol 64:118\u2013123. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/0301-4738.179716","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"6308_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sjopt.2019.10.002","volume":"33","author":"AH Badawi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Badawi AH, Al-Muhaylib AA, Al Owaifeer AM, Al-Essa RS, Al-Shahwan SA (2019) Primary congenital glaucoma: an updated review. Saudi J Ophthalmol 33:382\u2013388. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.sjopt.2019.10.002","journal-title":"Saudi J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"6308_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.5301\/ejo.5000784","volume":"26","author":"SA Yassin","year":"2016","unstructured":"Yassin SA, Al-Tamimi ER (2016) Surgical outcomes in children with primary congenital glaucoma: a 20-year experience. Eur J Ophthalmol 26:581\u2013587. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5301\/ejo.5000784","journal-title":"Eur J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"6308_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2004.047761","volume":"89","author":"A Al-Hazmi","year":"2005","unstructured":"Al-Hazmi A, Awad A, Zwaan J, Al-Mesfer SA, Al-Jadaan I, Al-Mohammed A (2005) Correlation between surgical success rate and severity of congenital glaucoma. Br J Ophthalmol 89:449\u2013453. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bjo.2004.047761","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"6308_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3861","DOI":"10.1007\/s10792-021-01957-0","volume":"41","author":"E Gusson","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gusson E, Chemello F, Longo R, Franzolin E, Vesentini R, Verlato G, Marchini G (2021) Primary congenital glaucoma surgery: outcomes and visual function. Int Ophthalmol 41:3861\u20133867. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10792-021-01957-0","journal-title":"Int Ophthalmol"},{"key":"6308_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1048","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2017.02.024","volume":"124","author":"A Dahlmann-Noor","year":"2017","unstructured":"Dahlmann-Noor A, Tailor V, Bunce C, Abou-Rayyah Y, Adams G, Brookes J, Khaw PT, Papadopoulos M (2017) Quality of life and functional vision in children with glaucoma. Ophthalmology 124:1048\u20131055. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ophtha.2017.02.024","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"6308_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2017.08.008","volume":"183","author":"RF Neustein","year":"2017","unstructured":"Neustein RF, Beck AD (2017) Circumferential trabeculotomy versus conventional angle surgery: comparing long-term surgical success and clinical outcomes in children with primary congenital glaucoma. Am J Ophthalmol 183:17\u201324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajo.2017.08.008","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"6308_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0227602","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0227602","volume":"15","author":"Y Shi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Shi Y, Han Y, Xin C, Hu M, Oatts J, Cao K, Wang H, Wang N (2020) Disease-related and age-related changes of anterior chamber angle structures in patients with primary congenital glaucoma: an in vivo high-frequency ultrasound biomicroscopy-based study. PLoS One 15:e0227602. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0227602","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"6308_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1725","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S66682","volume":"8","author":"TR Hussein","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hussein TR, Shalaby SM, Elbakary MA, Elseht RM, Gad RE (2014) Ultrasound biomicroscopy as a diagnostic tool in infants with primary congenital glaucoma. Clin Ophthalmol 8:1725\u20131730. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/OPTH.S66682","journal-title":"Clin Ophthalmol"},{"key":"6308_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2007.06.014","volume":"11","author":"V Gupta","year":"2007","unstructured":"Gupta V, Jha R, Srinivasan G, Dada T, Sihota R (2007) Ultrasound biomicroscopic characteristics of the anterior segment in primary congenital glaucoma. J Aapos 11:546\u2013550. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaapos.2007.06.014","journal-title":"J Aapos"},{"key":"6308_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1111\/ceo.14039","volume":"50","author":"T Karaconji","year":"2022","unstructured":"Karaconji T, Zagora S, Grigg JR (2022) Approach to childhood glaucoma: a review. Clin Exp Ophthalmol 50:232\u2013246. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ceo.14039","journal-title":"Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"6308_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1238","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-021-01583-1","volume":"36","author":"W Abdeen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Abdeen W, Esmael AF, Gawdat G, El-Fayoumi D (2022) Anterior chamber angle features in primary congenital glaucoma infants using hand-held anterior segment-oct. Eye 36:1238\u20131245. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41433-021-01583-1","journal-title":"Eye"},{"key":"6308_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1232","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-019-0369-3","volume":"33","author":"AV Pilat","year":"2019","unstructured":"Pilat AV, Proudlock FA, Shah S, Sheth V, Purohi R, Abbot J, Gottlob I (2019) Assessment of the anterior segment of patients with primary congenital glaucoma using handheld optical coherence tomography. Eye 33:1232\u20131239. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41433-019-0369-3","journal-title":"Eye"},{"key":"6308_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.1111\/ceo.13981","volume":"49","author":"Z Chen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chen Z, Liang X, Chen W, Wang P, Wang J (2021) Decreased iris thickness on swept-source optical coherence tomography in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma. Clin Exp Ophthalmol 49:696\u2013703. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ceo.13981","journal-title":"Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"6308_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0217656","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0217656","volume":"14","author":"S Nakakura","year":"2019","unstructured":"Nakakura S, Nagata Y, Shimizu Y, Kawai A, Tabuchi H, Kiuchi Y (2019) Determination of iris thickness development in children using swept-source anterior-segment optical coherence tomography. PLoS One 14:e0217656. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0217656","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"6308_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.83.5.559","volume":"83","author":"H Kobayashi","year":"1999","unstructured":"Kobayashi H, Ono H, Kiryu J, Kobayashi K, Kondo T (1999) Ultrasound biomicroscopic measurement of development of anterior chamber angle. Br J Ophthalmol 83:559\u2013562. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bjo.83.5.559","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"6308_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1475-1313.2002.00023.x","volume":"22","author":"C MacLachlan","year":"2002","unstructured":"MacLachlan C, Howland HC (2002) Normal values and standard deviations for pupil diameter and interpupillary distance in subjects aged 1 month to 19 years. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 22:175\u2013182. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046\/j.1475-1313.2002.00023.x","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Physiol Opt"},{"key":"6308_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-003-0735-4","volume":"242","author":"EM Kohnen","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kohnen EM, Zubcov AA, Kohnen T (2004) Scotopic pupil size in a normal pediatric population using infrared pupillometry. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 242:18\u201323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00417-003-0735-4","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"6308_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1250","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2018-313387","volume":"105","author":"Y El Sayed","year":"2021","unstructured":"El Sayed Y, Esmael A, Mettias N, El Sanabary Z, Gawdat G (2021) Factors influencing the outcome of goniotomy and trabeculotomy in primary congenital glaucoma. Br J Ophthalmol 105:1250\u20131255. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2018-313387","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"6308_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"966","DOI":"10.1097\/IJG.0000000000002098","volume":"31","author":"Z Aktas","year":"2022","unstructured":"Aktas Z, Ucgul AY, Boluk CE, Atalay HT (2022) Risk factors for trabeculotomy failure in primary congenital glaucoma. J Glaucoma 31:966\u2013971. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/IJG.0000000000002098","journal-title":"J Glaucoma"}],"container-title":["Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00417-023-06308-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00417-023-06308-6\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00417-023-06308-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,4]],"date-time":"2024-04-04T08:06:11Z","timestamp":1712217971000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00417-023-06308-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,8]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]}},"alternative-id":["6308"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00417-023-06308-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["0721-832X","1435-702X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0721-832X","type":"print"},{"value":"1435-702X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"12 August 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 October 2023","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 October 2023","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 November 2023","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the Institutional Review Board of Eye Ear Nose and Throat Hospital of Fudan University (KJ2011-04) and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}