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Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) was used to evaluate the vessel density (VD) of superficial capillary plexus (SCP), deep capillary plexus (DCP), and choriocapillaris VD layers in whole 6.4 \u00d7 6.4-mm image and in fovea grid-based image. In patients\u2019 group, systemic parameters were collected: body mass index (BMI), endometrial rhyme thickness, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), prolactin, insulin, and cortisol.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>SCP and DCP did not show any statistical difference when comparing patients and controls (all <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &gt; 0.05). Differently, choriocapillaris VD in the <jats:italic>whole<\/jats:italic> region showed a non-significant tendency toward higher values in the patients group in both eyes (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.038 for right eye [RE], <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.044 for left eye [LE]). Foveal choriocapillaris VD was higher in hypothalamic amenorrhea women vs. healthy controls (66.0 \u00b1 2.4 vs. 63.7 \u00b1 6.6%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.136 for RE; 65.0 \u00b1 2.4 vs. 61.6 \u00b1 7.0%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.005 for LE). Focusing on correlation with systemic parameters, SCP and DCP <jats:italic>foveal<\/jats:italic> density had a medium\/high effect size with endometrial rhyme, along with DCP in the <jats:italic>fovea<\/jats:italic> area vs. cortisol and SCP in the <jats:italic>whole<\/jats:italic> area vs. FSH.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>When comparing hypothalamic amenorrhea patients to healthy subjects, OCTA detected changes in the choriocapillaris layer, showing increased VD in the early stage of the systemic pathology, suggesting that microvascular \u201ccompaction\u201d could be a first phase of hypoestrogenism adaptation.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-023-06346-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,26]],"date-time":"2024-02-26T09:03:15Z","timestamp":1708938195000},"page":"2057-2065","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Chorioretinal biomarkers in hypothalamic amenorrhea"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"262","author":[{"given":"Maria Cristina","family":"Savastano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Fossataro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2979-1638","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matteo Mario","family":"Carl\u00e0","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Valentina","family":"Cestrone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ilaria","family":"Biagini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leonardo","family":"Sammarco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Federico","family":"Giannuzzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Romina","family":"Fasciani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rosanna","family":"Apa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Lanzone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alice","family":"Diterlizzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martina","family":"Policriti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Enrico","family":"Di Stasio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Raphael","family":"Killian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Clara","family":"Rizzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stanislao","family":"Rizzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"6346_CR1","first-page":"781","volume":"87","author":"DA Klein","year":"2013","unstructured":"Klein DA, Poth MA (2013) Amenorrhea: an approach to diagnosis and management. 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