{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T03:09:35Z","timestamp":1740107375601,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,27]],"date-time":"2024-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1708992000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,27]],"date-time":"2024-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1708992000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100013986","name":"UK government","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["COVID Innovation award"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["COVID Innovation award"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100013986","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The Amblyopia tracker app has been developed to be a tool for parents to monitor changes in vision at home during amblyopia treatment. The aims of this study were to evaluate the feasibility and repeatability of parents testing their children at home and to compare home test results to an assessment in clinic by an orthoptist.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Children (age\u2009&lt;\u200918\u00a0years) with amblyopia (interocular acuity difference of\u2009\u2265\u20090.2logMAR) were recruited. Parents were asked to test their child with the app three times during a two week period followed by an online questionnaire about the usability. Participants also tested within 48\u00a0h of their appointment where the measurement was repeated by an orthoptist.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Out of 277 potential participants contacted, 37 completed three home measurements, mean age 6.8\u00a0years (SD 2.94). Home tests comparisons were made between test two and three to ensure familiarity with the process. Paired <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>-tests showed no statistically significant difference for either eye or the interocular acuity difference (IAD). However, 29% had a difference in IAD of more than 0.1logMAR on repeated testing, with a maximum of 0.4logMAR difference in the IAD. Questionnaire responses from the parents who participated were predominantly positive with 97% of respondents saying they would use it if were available. Comparison of home and clinical measurements (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200923, mean age 6.72 SD 2.60) showed no statistically significant differences for either eye or interocular acuity difference (paired<jats:italic> t<\/jats:italic>-test, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&gt;\u20090.3 in all cases).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Results show no statistically significant differences for the Amblyopia tracker app when used by parents at home on repeated testing, or between the home test by a parent and the test by a clinician. However, variability in the results does indicate that further improvements are required to ensure the results can be used as a reliable clinical tool.<\/jats:p>\n                \n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-024-06413-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,27]],"date-time":"2024-02-27T19:02:19Z","timestamp":1709060539000},"page":"2675-2683","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Evaluation of the Amblyopia tracker app"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"262","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0376-9670","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna R.","family":"O\u2019Connor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4984-3469","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ashli","family":"Warburton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9100-2305","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martha","family":"Farrelly-Waters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7097-671X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"England","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rachel","family":"Clarke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3931-2522","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hazel","family":"Kay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"6413_CR1","unstructured":"Royal College of Ophthalmologists (2020) Resumption of paediatric ophthalmology services during COVID-19 https:\/\/www.rcophth.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Resumption-Of-Paediatric-Ophthalmology-Services-During-COVID-19.pdf. Accessed 11\/12\/2020"},{"key":"6413_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S304272","volume":"15","author":"N Tiraset","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tiraset N, Poonyathalang A, Padungkiatsagul T, Deeyai M, Vichitkunakorn P, Vanikieti K (2021) Comparison of visual acuity measurement using three methods: Standard ETDRS Chart, Near Chart and a Smartphone-Based Eye Chart Application. Clin Ophthalmol 15:859\u2013869. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/OPTH.S304272","journal-title":"Clin Ophthalmol"},{"key":"6413_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Samanta A, Mauntana S, Barsi Z, Yarlagadda B, Nelson PC (2020) Is your vision blurry? A systematic review of home-based visual acuity for telemedicine. J Telemed Telecare: 1357633X20970398. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1357633X20970398","DOI":"10.1177\/1357633X20970398"},{"key":"6413_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2020.6177","author":"BJ Steren","year":"2021","unstructured":"Steren BJ, Young B, Chow J (2021) Visual acuity testing for telehealth using mobile applications. JAMA Ophthalmol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2020.6177","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol"},{"key":"6413_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3205","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S309727","volume":"15","author":"TA Chen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chen TA, Li J, Schallhorn JM, Sun CQ (2021) Comparing a home vision self-assessment test to office-based snellen visual acuity. Clin Ophthalmol 15:3205\u20133211. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/OPTH.S309727","journal-title":"Clin Ophthalmol"},{"key":"6413_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2020.5972","volume":"139","author":"MD Crossland","year":"2021","unstructured":"Crossland MD, Dekker TM, Hancox J, Lisi M, Wemyss TA, Thomas PBM (2021) Evaluation of a home-printable vision screening test for telemedicine. JAMA Ophthalmol 139:271\u2013277. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2020.5972","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol"},{"key":"6413_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.22599\/bioj.157","volume":"17","author":"S Painter","year":"2021","unstructured":"Painter S, Ramm L, Wadlow L, O\u2019Connor M, Sond B (2021) Parental home vision testing of children during Covid-19 pandemic. Br Ir Orthopt J 17:13\u201319","journal-title":"Br Ir Orthopt J"},{"key":"6413_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Allen L, Thirunavukarasu AJ, Podgorski S, Mullinger D (2021) Novel web application for self-assessment of distance visual acuity to support remote consultation: a real-world validation study in children. Bmj Open Ophthalmol 6 ARTN e000801. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjophth-2021-000801","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjophth-2021-000801"},{"key":"6413_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.22599\/bioj.179","volume":"17","author":"A Ritchie","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ritchie A, Atamian S, Shah N, Laidlaw A, Hammond C (2021) Can visual acuity be reliably measured at home? Validation of Telemedicine Remote Computerised Visual Acuity Measurements. Br Ir Orthopt J 17:119\u2013126. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.22599\/bioj.179","journal-title":"Br Ir Orthopt J"},{"key":"6413_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.22599\/bioj.172","volume":"17","author":"A O'Connor","year":"2021","unstructured":"O\u2019Connor A, Waters M, England L, Milling A, Kay H (2021) Evaluation of a new method to track changes in vision at home for children undergoing amblyopia treatment. Br Ir Orthopt J 17:70\u201378. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.22599\/bioj.172","journal-title":"Br Ir Orthopt J"},{"key":"6413_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-1313.1993.tb00499.x","volume":"13","author":"PV McGraw","year":"1993","unstructured":"McGraw PV, Winn B (1993) Glasgow Acuity Cards: a new test for the measurement of letter acuity in children. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 13:400\u2013404","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Physiol Opt"},{"key":"6413_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.22599\/bioj.97","volume":"13","author":"AF Milling","year":"2016","unstructured":"Milling AF, Newsham D, Tidbury LP, O\u2019Connor AR, Kay H (2016) The redevelopment of the Kay picture test of visual acuity. Br Ir Orthopt J 13:14\u201321","journal-title":"Br Ir Orthopt J"},{"key":"6413_CR13","unstructured":"Kay H (2023) Kay iSight Test Professional App https:\/\/kaypictures.co.uk\/product\/kay-isight-test-professional-app\/. Accessed 24\/08\/2023"},{"key":"6413_CR14","unstructured":"National Insitute for Health and Care Excellence (2015) Shared decision making collaborative: a consensus statement https:\/\/www.nice.org.uk\/Media\/Default\/About\/what-we-do\/SDM-consensus-statement.docx. Accessed 11\/12\/2020"},{"key":"6413_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1007\/s12160-014-9607-x","volume":"48","author":"SL Gorst","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gorst SL, Armitage CJ, Brownsell S, Hawley MS (2014) Home telehealth uptake and continued use among heart failure and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients: a systematic review. Ann Behav Med 48:323\u2013336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12160-014-9607-x","journal-title":"Ann Behav Med"},{"key":"6413_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1089\/tmj.2010.0017","volume":"16","author":"D Parker Oliver","year":"2010","unstructured":"Parker Oliver D, Demiris G, Wittenberg-Lyles E, Washington K, Porock D (2010) Recruitment challenges and strategies in a home-based telehealth study. Telemed J E Health 16:839\u2013843. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/tmj.2010.0017","journal-title":"Telemed J E Health"},{"key":"6413_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2021.5269","volume":"140","author":"E Korot","year":"2022","unstructured":"Korot E, Pontikos N, Drawnel FM, Jaber A, Fu DJ, Zhang G, Miranda MA, Liefers B, Glinton S, Wagner SK, Struyven R, Kilduff C, Moshfeghi DM, Keane PA, Sim DA, Thomas PBM, Balaskas K (2022) Enablers and barriers to deployment of smartphone-based home vision monitoring in clinical practice settings. JAMA Ophthalmol 140:153\u2013160. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2021.5269","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol"},{"key":"6413_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2020.08.007","volume":"221","author":"E Silverstein","year":"2021","unstructured":"Silverstein E, Williams JS, Brown JR, Bylykbashi E, Stinnett SS (2021) Teleophthalmology: evaluation of phone-based visual acuity in a pediatric population. Am J Ophthalmol 221:199\u2013206. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajo.2020.08.007","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"}],"container-title":["Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00417-024-06413-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00417-024-06413-0\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00417-024-06413-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,19]],"date-time":"2024-07-19T09:03:29Z","timestamp":1721379809000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00417-024-06413-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,27]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]}},"alternative-id":["6413"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00417-024-06413-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["0721-832X","1435-702X"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0721-832X"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1435-702X"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"5 September 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 February 2024","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 February 2024","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 February 2024","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the Wales NHS research ethics committee, and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"Hazel Kay is a director of Kay Pictures Ltd, which developed the Amblyopia tracker app and part funded it. The other authors have no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}