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Typically, it affects human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients with recognized or unrecognized cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis who are receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). IRU is a common cause of new vision loss in these patients, and it manifests with a wide range of symptoms and an increased risk of inflammatory complications, such as macular edema. Recently, similar IRU-like responses have been observed in non-HIV individuals with immune reconstitution following immunosuppression of diverse etiologies, posing challenges in diagnosis and treatment. This review provides an updated overview of the current literature on the epidemiology, pathophysiology, biomarkers, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, and treatment strategies for IRU.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-024-06415-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,21]],"date-time":"2024-02-21T05:02:17Z","timestamp":1708491737000},"page":"2703-2712","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Immune recovery uveitis: a focus review"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"262","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-3329-1014","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nuno","family":"Rodrigues Alves","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catarina","family":"Bar\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catarina","family":"Mota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L\u00edvio","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rita Pinto","family":"Proen\u00e7a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"6415_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/971417","volume":"2014","author":"B Urban","year":"2014","unstructured":"Urban B, Bakunowicz-\u0141azarczyk A, Michalczuk M (2014) Immune recovery uveitis: pathogenesis, clinical symptoms, and treatment. 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