{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T00:37:15Z","timestamp":1791333435269,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,8]],"date-time":"2024-03-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709856000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,8]],"date-time":"2024-03-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709856000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"S.K. Yee Medical Foundation","award":["Project no. 2191216"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Project no. 2191216"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>To analyze the radiological features of the lacrimal gland (LG) and extraocular muscle (EOM) in thyroid eye disease (TED) patients with severe subjective dry eye disease (DED) using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measurements.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>In this cross-sectional study, mechanical ocular exposure, dry eye assessment and MRI data were collected. Patients were classified into non-severe subjective DED group with ocular surface disease index (OSDI)\u2009&lt;\u200933 and severe subjective DED group with OSDI\u2009\u2265\u200933. Linear regression model was applied for comparing the OSDI\u2009&lt;\u200933 and OSDI\u2009\u2265\u200933 group in TED patients. The predictive performance of MRI parameters and models was assessed by receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Consecutive 88 TED patients (176 eyes) were included in this study. In the OSDI\u2009&lt;\u200933 group, 52 TED patients (104 eyes) with a mean clinical activity score (CAS) of 0.63\u2009\u00b1\u20090.75. In the OSDI\u2009\u2265\u200933 group, there are 36 TED patients (72 eyes), with a mean CAS of 1.50\u2009\u00b1\u20091.54. The age and sex of the patients were matched between the two groups. The OSDI\u2009\u2265\u200933 group had shorter tear break-up time, larger levator palpebrae superioris \/ superior rectus (LPS\/SR), inferior rectus and lateral rectus, smaller LG, more inflammatory LPS\/SR and inferior rectus than OSDI\u2009&lt;\u200933 DED group (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). In the linear regression analysis, compare to the OSDI\u2009&lt;\u200933 DED group, the OSDI\u2009\u2265\u200933 group had larger medial rectus cross-sectional area (\u03b2\u2009=\u20090.06, 95%CI: (0.02, 0.10), <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.008), larger inferior rectus cross-sectional area (\u03b2\u2009=\u20090.06, 95%CI: (0.00, 0.12), <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.048), smaller LG cross-sectional area (\u03b2\u2009=\u2009-0.14, 95%CI: (-0.25, -0.04), <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.008). In the ROC analysis, the area under curve of medial rectus, inferior rectus, LG, and combined model are 0.625, 0.640, 0.661 and 0.716, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Multiparametric MRI parameters of the LG and EOM in TED patients with severe subjective DED were significantly altered. Novel models combining the cross-sectional area of LG, medial rectus and inferior rectus showed good predictive performance in TED patients with severe subjective DED.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-024-06424-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,8]],"date-time":"2024-03-08T07:01:27Z","timestamp":1709881287000},"page":"2651-2659","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Investigation of lacrimal gland and extraocular muscle in thyroid eye disease patients with severe subjective dry eye disease: a multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"262","author":[{"given":"Xulin","family":"Liao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatema Mohamed Ali Abdulla","family":"Aljufairi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jake Uy","family":"Sebastian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruofan","family":"Jia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanson Yiu Man","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenneth Ka Hei","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wanxue","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhichao","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yingying","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Winnie Chiu Wing","family":"Chu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clement Chee Yung","family":"Tham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chi Pui","family":"Pang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2587-1323","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kelvin Kam Lung","family":"Chong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"6424_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"G43","DOI":"10.1530\/eje-21-0479","volume":"185","author":"L Bartalena","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bartalena L, Kahaly GJ, Baldeschi L, Dayan CM, Eckstein A, Marcocci C, Marin\u00f2 M, Vaidya B, Wiersinga WM (2021) The 2021 European Group on Graves\u2019 orbitopathy (EUGOGO) clinical practice guidelines for the medical management of Graves\u2019 orbitopathy. 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