{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T06:28:03Z","timestamp":1788503283229,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,3]],"date-time":"2024-05-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714694400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,3]],"date-time":"2024-05-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714694400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We investigated personality traits and symptoms of anxiety and depression in patients with primary vitreous floaters.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A U.K. sample of adult patients (&gt;\u200918\u00a0years old) with vitreous floaters of a minimum of three months severe enough to seek a consultation was assessed for personality traits (The Big Five Inventory (BFI)), symptoms of depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-9), and symptoms of anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire-7).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>149 patients participated in the study. Compared to the general population, our sample had a significantly increased score in the domain of BFI-neuroticism (3.27 vs 2.97, <jats:italic>\u03c1<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001, d\u2009=\u20090.38) and reduced score in the domain of extraversion (2.97 vs 3.24, <jats:italic>\u03c1<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001, d\u2009=\u20090.33). Female patients scored significantly higher than male patients on BFI-neuroticism (<jats:italic>\u03c1<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.01), and on BFI-agreeableness (<jats:italic>\u03c1<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.01). Age was positively correlated with BFI-Conscientiousness (r\u2009=\u20090.19, <jats:italic>\u03c1<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.02) and with BFI-Agreeableness (r\u2009=\u20090.20, <jats:italic>\u03c1<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.01). 36% of our sample had moderate to severe symptoms of depression, and 43% had moderate to severe symptoms of anxiety.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Our study highlights the underlying psychological traits of patients with severe vitreous floaters and particular mental health needs that deserve further consideration by ophthalmological and vision science clinicians.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-024-06477-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,3]],"date-time":"2024-05-03T12:01:55Z","timestamp":1714737715000},"page":"3153-3160","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Personality traits and symptoms of anxiety and depression in patients with primary vitreous floaters"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"262","author":[{"given":"Hugo","family":"Senra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zaria","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tariq","family":"Aslam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Niall","family":"Patton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"6477_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Milston R, Madigan MC, Sebag J (2016) Vitreous floaters: Etiology, diagnostics, and management.\u00a0Surv Ophthalmol\u00a061(2):211\u2013227. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.survophthal.2015.11.008","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2015.11.008"},{"key":"6477_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Webb BF, Webb JR, Schroeder MC, North CS (2013) Prevalence of vitreous floaters in a community sample of smartphone users. Int J Ophthalmol 6. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3980\/j.issn.2222-3959.2013.03.27","DOI":"10.3980\/j.issn.2222-3959.2013.03.27"},{"key":"6477_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Gishti O, van den Nieuwenhof R, Verhoekx J, van Overdam K (2019) Symptoms related to posterior vitreous detachment and the risk of developing retinal tears: a systematic review.\u00a0Acta Ophthalmol\u00a097(4):347\u2013352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/aos.14012","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.14012"},{"key":"6477_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ivanova T, Jalil A, Antoniou Y, Bishop PN, Vallejo-Garcia JL, Patton N (2016) Vitrectomy for primary symptomatic vitreous opacities: an evidence-based review. Eye (London, England) 30(5):645\u2013655. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/eye.2016.30","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2016.30"},{"key":"6477_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Cipolletta S, Beccarello A, Galan A (2012) A psychological perspective of eye floaters. Qual Health Res 22. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1049732312456604","DOI":"10.1177\/1049732312456604"},{"key":"6477_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Senra H, Ali Z, Aslam T, Patton N (2022) Psychological implications of vitreous opacities - A systematic review.\u00a0J Psychosom Res\u00a0154:110729. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2022.110729","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2022.110729"},{"key":"6477_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bleidorn W, Schwaba T, Zheng A, et al (2022) Personality Stability and Change: A Meta-Analysis of Longitudinal Studies. Psychol Bull 148. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/bul0000365","DOI":"10.1037\/bul0000365"},{"key":"6477_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Tseng GL, Chen CY (2015) Doctor-shopping behavior among patients with eye floaters. Int J Environ Res Public Health 12. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph120707949","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph120707949"},{"key":"6477_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"John OP, Donahue EM, Kentle RL (1991) The Big Five Inventory\u2013Versions 4a and 54. Berkeley, CA: University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Personality and Social Research. https:\/\/sjdm.org\/dmidi\/Big_Five_Inventory.html","DOI":"10.1037\/t07550-000"},{"key":"6477_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Goldberg LR (1990) An Alternative \u201cDescription of Personality\u201d: The Big-Five Factor Structure. J Pers Soc Psychol 59. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0022-3514.59.6.1216","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.59.6.1216"},{"key":"6477_CR11","unstructured":"ICH Harmonised Tripartite Guideline (1996) ICH Guideline for good clinical practice E6(R1). ICH Harmonised Tripartite Guideline 1996. https:\/\/database.ich.org\/sites\/default\/files\/E6_R2_Addendum.pdf"},{"key":"6477_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kroenke K, Spitzer RL, Williams JBW (2001) The PHQ-9: Validity of a brief depression severity measure. J Gen Intern Med 16. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046\/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x"},{"key":"6477_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Spitzer RL, Kroenke K, Williams JBW, L\u00f6we B (2006) A brief measure for assessing generalized anxiety disorder: The GAD-7. Arch Intern Med 166. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/archinte.166.10.1092","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.166.10.1092"},{"key":"6477_CR14","unstructured":"Gilbody S, Richards D, Barkham M (2007) Diagnosing depression in primary care using self-completed instruments: UK validation of PHQ-9 and CORE-OM.\u00a0Br J Gen Pract\u00a057(541):650\u2013652"},{"key":"6477_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Levis B, Benedetti A, Thombs BD (2019) Accuracy of Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) for screening to detect major depression: Individual participant data meta-analysis. The BMJ 365. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.l1476","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.l1476"},{"key":"6477_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"L\u00f6we B, Decker O, M\u00fcller S, et al (2008) Validation and standardization of the generalized anxiety disorder screener (GAD-7) in the general population. Med Care 46. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MLR.0b013e318160d093","DOI":"10.1097\/MLR.0b013e318160d093"},{"key":"6477_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Rutter LA, Brown TA (2017) Psychometric Properties of the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale-7 (GAD-7) in Outpatients with Anxiety and Mood Disorders. J Psychopathol Behav Assess 39. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10862-016-9571-9","DOI":"10.1007\/s10862-016-9571-9"},{"key":"6477_CR18","unstructured":"National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) (2022) Depression in adults: treatment and management.\u00a0https:\/\/www.nice.org.uk\/guidance\/ng222. Accessed 29 Sep 2023"},{"key":"6477_CR19","unstructured":"National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) (2020) Generalised anxiety disorder and panic disorder in adults: management.\u00a0https:\/\/www.nice.org.uk\/guidance\/cg113\/resources\/generalised-anxiety-disorder-and-panic-disorder-in-adults-management-pdf-35109387756997. Accessed 29 Sep 2023"},{"key":"6477_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Rentfrow PJ, Jokela M, Lamb ME (2015) Regional personality differences in Great Britain. PLoS One 10. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0122245","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0122245"},{"key":"6477_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wu RH, Jiang JH, Gu YF, et al (2020) Pars plana vitrectomy relieves the depression in patients with symptomatic vitreous floaters. Int J Ophthalmol 13. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18240\/ijo.2020.03.07","DOI":"10.18240\/ijo.2020.03.07"},{"key":"6477_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Denovan A, Dagnall N, Lofthouse G (2019) Neuroticism and Somatic Complaints: Concomitant Effects of Rumination and Worry. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy 47. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S1352465818000619","DOI":"10.1017\/S1352465818000619"},{"key":"6477_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Nordahl H, Ebrahimi O V., Hoffart A, Johnson SU (2022) Trait Versus State Predictors of Emotional Distress Symptoms. Journal of Nervous & Mental Disease 210. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/nmd.0000000000001557","DOI":"10.1097\/nmd.0000000000001557"},{"key":"6477_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ichinohe S, Igarashi T, Nakajima D, et al (2016) Symptoms of dry eye disease and personality traits. PLoS One 11:. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0166838","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0166838"},{"key":"6477_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Tananuvat N, Tansanguan S, Wongpakaran N, Wongpakaran T (2022) Role of neuroticism and perceived stress on quality of life among patients with dry eye disease. Sci Rep 12. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-022-11271-z","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-11271-z"},{"key":"6477_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Yap AU, Marpaung C (2023) Psychological factors in Temporomandibular disorders and somatization: A multidimensional analysis of personality, coping, and distress among young adults. Int J Prosthodont 0(0). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.11607\/ijp.8590.","DOI":"10.11607\/ijp.8590"},{"issue":"4","key":"6477_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1016\/S0033-3182(97)71441-5","volume":"38","author":"J Russo","year":"1997","unstructured":"Russo J, Katon W, Lin E, Von Korff M, Bush T, Simon G, Walker E (1997) Neuroticism and extraversion as predictors of health outcomes in depressed primary care patients. Psychosomatics 38(4):339\u201348. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0033-3182(97)71441-5","journal-title":"Psychosomatics"},{"key":"6477_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2016.05.002","volume":"38","author":"SD van Dijk","year":"2016","unstructured":"van Dijk SD, Hanssen D, Naarding P, Lucassen P, Comijs H, Oude VR (2016) Big Five personality traits and medically unexplained symptoms in later life. Eur Psychiatry 38:23\u201330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2016.05.002","journal-title":"Eur Psychiatry"},{"key":"6477_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Parravano M, Petri D, Maurutto E, Lucenteforte E, Menchini F, Lanzetta P, Varano M, van Nispen RMA, Virgili G (2021) Association between visual impairment and depression in patients attending eye clinics: A meta-analysis. JAMA\u00a0Ophthalmol\u00a0139(7):753\u2013761. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2021.1557","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2021.1557"},{"key":"6477_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Frank CR, Xiang X, Stagg BC, Ehrlich JR (2019) Longitudinal Associations of Self-reported Vision Impairment with Symptoms of Anxiety and Depression among Older Adults in the United States. JAMA Ophthalmol 137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2019.1085","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2019.1085"},{"key":"6477_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Nollett C, Ryan B, Bray N, et al (2019) Depressive symptoms in people with vision impairment: A cross-sectional study to identify who is most at risk. BMJ Open 9. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-026163","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-026163"},{"key":"6477_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Choi HG, Lee MJ, Lee SM (2018) Visual impairment and risk of depression: A longitudinal follow-up study using a national sample cohort. Sci Rep 8:. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-018-20374-5","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-20374-5"},{"key":"6477_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Maaswinkel IM, van der Aa HPA, van Rens GHMB, et al (2020) Mastery and self-esteem mediate the association between visual acuity and mental health: a population-based longitudinal cohort study. BMC Psychiatry 20:. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12888-020-02853-0","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-020-02853-0"}],"container-title":["Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00417-024-06477-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00417-024-06477-y\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00417-024-06477-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,7]],"date-time":"2024-10-07T15:09:29Z","timestamp":1728313769000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00417-024-06477-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,3]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]}},"alternative-id":["6477"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00417-024-06477-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["0721-832X","1435-702X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0721-832X","type":"print"},{"value":"1435-702X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2 October 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 March 2024","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 March 2024","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 May 2024","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Ethical clearance was granted by the NHS-England Research Ethics Committee (REC reference number 21\/PR\/1631, IRAS project ID 301344). All research procedures were performed in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations, and in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and in accordance with ICH Guidelines for Good Clinical Practice (CPMP\/ICH\/135\/95) []. Informed consent was obtained from all participants in this study. All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the NHS Research Ethics Committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"All authors certify that they have no affiliations with or involvement in any organization or entity with any financial interest (such as honoraria; educational grants; participation in speakers\u2019 bureaus; membership, employment, consultancies, stock ownership, or other equity interest; and expert testimony or patent-licensing arrangements), or non-financial interest (such as personal or professional relationships, affiliations, knowledge or beliefs) in the subject matter or materials discussed in this manuscript.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}