{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T06:03:55Z","timestamp":1790229835290,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,19]],"date-time":"2024-09-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726704000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,19]],"date-time":"2024-09-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726704000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008792","name":"Novartis Pharma GmbH","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008792","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012681","name":"Universit\u00e4tsklinikum K\u00f6ln","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012681","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>As part of the prospective, non-interventional OCEAN study, the ORCA module evaluated physicians\u2019 spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) image interpretations in the treatment of diabetic macular oedema (DME) or macular oedema (ME) secondary to retinal vein occlusion (RVO).<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Presence of intraretinal fluid (IRF) and\/or subretinal fluid (SRF) was evaluated independently by physicians and reading centres (RCs) on 1612 SD-OCT scans of 133 patients diagnosed with either DME or ME secondary to RVO. Agreement between physicians and RCs was calculated for both cohorts individually and as a combined ME cohort. Physicians\u2019 treatment decisions were analysed related to the results of the OCT-evaluations.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>For the combined ME cohort, presence of IRF\/SRF was recorded by RCs in 792\/1612 (49.1%) visits and by physicians in 852\/1612 (52.9%) visits, with an agreement regarding presence or absence of foveal fluid in 70.4% of cases. In 64.4% (510\/792) of visits with RC-detected foveal IRF and\/or SRF no injection was given. In 30.3% of these visits with foveal fluid no reason was identified for a \u2018watch and wait\u2019 approach indicating possible undertreatment. BCVA deterioration was seen in a quarter of these eyes at the following visit.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Despite good agreement between physicians and RCs to recognize SRF and IRF, our data indicate that omitting injections despite foveal involvement of fluid is frequent in routine clinical practice. This may put patients at risk of undertreatment, which may negatively impact real-life BCVA outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Trial registration<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\n              <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.clinicaltrials.gov\" ext-link-type=\"uri\">www.clinicaltrials.gov<\/jats:ext-link>, identifier NCT02194803.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-024-06579-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,19]],"date-time":"2024-09-19T02:01:42Z","timestamp":1726711302000},"page":"131-139","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Interpretation of SD-OCT imaging data in real-life conditions versus standardized reading centre analysis in eyes with diabetic macular oedema or macular oedema secondary to retinal vein occlusion: 24-month follow-up of the ORCA study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"263","author":[{"given":"Georg","family":"Spital","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steffen","family":"Schmitz-Valckenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bettina","family":"M\u00fcller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erika","family":"Liczenczias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Petrus","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Britta","family":"Heimes-Bussmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Focke","family":"Ziemssen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3539-4372","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sandra","family":"Liakopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"For the ORCA study group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,19]]},"reference":[{"issue":"F1000 Faculty R","key":"6579_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1413","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.19198.1","volume":"8","author":"R Sacconi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sacconi R et al (2019) Emerging therapies in the management of macular edema: a review [Version 1; peer review: 2 approved]. 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All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and\/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study. Separate informed consent was required for patients to be included in the ORCA module.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"Every patient was informed by the treating physician about the key objectives as well as the type and scope of the documentation. Eligible patients could only be included in the study after providing written informed consent, or, if incapable of doing so, after such consent had been provided by a legally acceptable representative of the patient.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"Patients signed informed consent regarding publishing their data.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"Georg Spital received personal fees from Bayer Healthcare, Novartis, Roche, OD-OS, and Allergan Pharma and grants from Amgen, Iveric Bio, Roche, Kodiak, Novartis, Novo-Nordisk, Gyroscope, Alexion.Steffen Schmitz-Valckenberg received contracts and personal fees for consultancy from Novartis as part of the submitted work. Outside the submitted work, he received grants or contracts from AlphaRET, Apellis, Bayer, Bioeq\/Formycon, Carl Zeiss MediTec, Katairo, Kubota Vision, Novartis, Pixium, Roche\/Genentech, SparingVision; Consulting fees from Apellis, Bioeq\/Formycon, Galimedix, Novartis, Oxurion, Roche\/Genentech; and nonfinancial support from Carl Zeiss Meditec and Heidelberg Engineering, outside the submitted work; being co-founder of the STZ GRADE Reading Centre.Bettina M\u00fcller and Erika Liczenczias are employees of Novartis.Petrus Chang received grants from Heidelberg Engineering, Novartis, ZeissMeditec.Britta Heimes-Bussmann received grants Amgen, Iveric Bio, Roche, Kodiak, Novartis, Novo-Nordisk, Gyroscope and personal fees von Bayer.Focke Ziemssen received research grants from Bayer, BMBF, Clearside, DFG, Kodiak, Iveric, Ophtea, Novartis, Regeneron, consulting fees from Alimera Sciences, Allergan\/Abbvie, Bayer, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Novartis, NovoNordisk, MSD, Oxurion, Roche\/Genentech, and fees as speaker from Alimera, Allergan\/Abbvie, Bayer, BDI, CME Health, Gerling, Novartis, ODOS, Roche.Sandra Liakopoulos received grants from Novartis, personal fees from Novartis, Heidelberg Engineering, Carl Zeiss Meditec, Allergan\/Abbvie, Bayer, Apellis, and consulting fees from Novartis, Bayer, Apellis and Allergan.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflicts of interests"}}]}}