{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T02:23:48Z","timestamp":1772763828360,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,15]],"date-time":"2024-10-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1728950400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,15]],"date-time":"2024-10-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1728950400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002551","name":"Seoul National University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002551","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>We aimed to investigate the effects of Fresnel prism treatment for small-angle esotropia (\u2264\u200920 prism diopters [PD]) with fixation preference.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>We included 32 patients with remaining esotropia\u2009\u2264\u200920 PD measured using the simultaneous prism and cover test (SPCT) after full refractive error correction. Fresnel prism was applied to make patients orthotropic with glasses. Treatment was discontinued if remaining esotropia\u2009\u2264\u20094 PD was sustained during two consecutive follow-ups (2-month intervals) or if the angle continued to increase with prism adaptation. Patients were divided into treatment success and failure groups. Treatment success was defined by motor and visual acuity (VA) aspects. Criteria for motor success was residual esotropia\u2009\u2264\u20098 PD in patients with initial esotropia\u2009&gt;\u20098 PD and a 30% decrease of esotropia in those with initial esotropia\u2009\u2264\u20098 PD. VA success was improvement of\u2009&gt;\u20090.2 logMAR in the non-dominant eye.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The initial esodeviation angle was 6.92\u2009\u00b1\u20094.66 PD at distance and 10.53\u2009\u00b1\u20095.58 at near. The logMAR VA was 0.10\u2009\u00b1\u20090.13 and 0.26\u2009\u00b1\u20090.20 in the dominant and non-dominant eye, respectively. Among the 32 patients, 14 showed motor success. Among 26 patients whose VA could be measured, 15 showed VA success. Factors influencing motor success were a small amount of maximum prescribed Fresnel prism, less frequent need for Fresnel prism adaptation, and high percentage of achieving orthotropia with Fresnel prism treatment. VA success was influenced by low frequency of anisometropia and the small amount of maximum prescribed Fresnel prism.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Fresnel prism could be a non-invasive treatment option for some patients with small-angle esotropia with fixation preference.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Key messages<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\n              <jats:bold>\n                <jats:italic>What is known<\/jats:italic>\n              <\/jats:bold>\n              <jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n                <jats:list-item>\n                  <jats:p>The optimal approach for addressing small-angle esotropia is a topic of debate.<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:list-item>\n                <jats:list-item>\n                  <jats:p>Not much research has been conducted on Fresnel prism treatment in patients with small-angle esotropia.<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:list-item>\n              <\/jats:list>\n            <\/jats:p>\n            <jats:p>\n              <jats:bold>\n                <jats:italic>What is new<\/jats:italic>\n              <\/jats:bold>\n              <jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n                <jats:list-item>\n                  <jats:p>Motor success and visual acuity improvement were observed in some patients undergoing Fresnel prism treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:list-item>\n                <jats:list-item>\n                  <jats:p>Factors contributing to motor success were the small maximum angle of esodeviation, the less frequent necessity for Fresnel prism adaptation, and the achievement of orthotropia during Fresnel prism treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:list-item>\n                <jats:list-item>\n                  <jats:p>Visual acuity improvement was hindered by the presence of anisometropia and the\u00a0large maximum prescribed amount of Fresnel prism.<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:list-item>\n                <jats:list-item>\n                  <jats:p>Fresnel prism treatment can be used as a treatment option for some patients with small-angle esotropia with fixation preference.<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:list-item>\n              <\/jats:list>\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-024-06662-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,15]],"date-time":"2024-10-15T02:01:53Z","timestamp":1728957713000},"page":"857-865","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Effect of Fresnel prism in small-angle esotropia (\u2264\u200920 prism diopters) with fixation preference"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"263","author":[{"given":"Hye Jun","family":"Joo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7944-6990","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seong-Joon","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"6662_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1067\/mpa.2001.111782","volume":"5","author":"JM Hwang","year":"2001","unstructured":"Hwang JM, Min BM, Park SC, Oh SY, Sung NK (2001) A randomized comparison of prism adaptation and augmented surgery in the surgical management of esotropia associated with hypermetropia: one-year surgical outcomes. 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