{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T23:28:50Z","timestamp":1780702130826,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,4]],"date-time":"2024-12-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733270400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,4]],"date-time":"2024-12-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733270400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Medizinische Hochschule Brandenburg CAMPUS GmbH"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>After 2\u00a0years of pandemic sales ban, on New Year`s Eve 2022\/23 consumer firework articles were officially available again in Germany and the Netherlands.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>In the Netherlands we prospectively and anonymously collected data on patients treated for firework induced eye injuries from 2009 on, in Germany since 2016.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Around New Year \u0301s Eve 2022\/23 the number of patients with firework inflicted eye injuries increased in the Netherlands to 133 and in Germany to 838. In both countries the participation of eye departments was 90%. The incidence of firework induced eye injuries in the Netherlands was 0,8 \/100 000 in 2022\/23, in Germany 1,0 \/100 000 in 2022\/23. Comparing age groups of minors with firework induced eye injuries, in the Netherlands, total numbers of children below 12\u00a0years was lower than total numbers of adolescents between 12 and 17\u00a0years. Yet, in Germany from 2016 on every year, total number of children below 12\u00a0years were higher than total number of adolescents. The number of patients who reported on being injured as bystander was between 34% in 2020\/21 and 53% in both countries.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>While the incidence of firework induced eye injuries in the Netherlands was reduced due to awareness campaigns and regulatory work, the incidence was increasing on the first New Year`s Eve after the pandemic regulations of consumer fireworks in Germany. Especially young children below 12\u00a0years need more protection in Germany. In both countries, effective measures of protection need to be implemented for protection of bystanders, whose numbers were low during the first pandemic years.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Key messages<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\n              <jats:italic>What is known:<\/jats:italic>\n            <\/jats:p>\n            <jats:p>\n              <jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n                <jats:list-item>\n                  <jats:p>overrepresentation of affected minors below 18\u00a0years and a rate of up to 50% of injured bystanders according to our data collection over 15\u00a0years in the Netherlands and 7\u00a0years in Germany<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:list-item>\n              <\/jats:list>\n            <\/jats:p>\n            <jats:p>\n              <jats:italic>What is new:<\/jats:italic>\n            <\/jats:p>\n            <jats:p>\n              <jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n                <jats:list-item>\n                  <jats:p>In 2022\/2023, total numbers of patients with fire work induced eye injuries in the Netherlands and Germany increased significantly after 2\u00a0years of pandemic regulations with a sales ban of consumer fire work articles<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:list-item>\n                <jats:list-item>\n                  <jats:p>In 2022\/23, incidence of firework induced eye injuries is 1\/100 000 in Germany, 0,8\/100 000 in the Netherlands<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:list-item>\n                <jats:list-item>\n                  <jats:p>Among affected minors in Germany school children up to 12\u00a0years are at higher risk than adolescents<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:list-item>\n              <\/jats:list>\n            <\/jats:p>\n          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