{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T23:58:59Z","timestamp":1778630339833,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,13]],"date-time":"2025-02-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739404800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,13]],"date-time":"2025-02-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739404800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003483","name":"Hebrew University of Jerusalem","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003483","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Intravitreal injections are essential for treating retinal diseases. This study aims to assess the impact of repeated intravitreal anti-VEGF injections using an eyelid speculum on the risk of ptosis development.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>This single-center, retrospective chart review included 114 patients (228 eyes) who received at least three unilateral intravitreal anti-VEGF injections. Patient demographics, clinical characteristics, and MRD1 and MRD2 of the injected and the fellow eyes were analyzed. A multivariate linear regression model was constructed to identify predictors of MRD1 in the injected eye.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The study cohort had a mean age of 75.18\u2009\u00b1\u20090.98\u00a0years, with 57% female patients. On average, patients received 16.92\u2009\u00b1\u20091.18 injections. At the final follow-up, no significant difference was observed in mean MRD1 between injected and fellow eyes (2.85\u2009\u00b1\u20090.11\u00a0mm vs. 2.90\u2009\u00b1\u20090.11\u00a0mm, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.445). Multivariate regression analysis identified MRD1 of the fellow eye as the only significant predictor of MRD1 in the injected eye (\u03b2\u2009=\u20090.769, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001).<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The repeated use of an eyelid speculum during intravitreal anti-VEGF injections does not significantly contribute to ptosis development. MRD1 tends to be similar between the injected and non-injected eye, suggesting that intrinsic factors may play a more crucial role in determining eyelid position than the mechanical effects of the procedure.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-025-06763-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,13]],"date-time":"2025-02-13T03:35:10Z","timestamp":1739417710000},"page":"1711-1717","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Risk of ptosis following eyelid speculum assisted intravitreal anti-VEGF injections"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"263","author":[{"given":"Efraim","family":"Berco","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7128-3288","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Ostrovsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Obinna","family":"Esomchukwu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ortal","family":"Zaks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mor","family":"Schlesinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elkin Jose Cervantes","family":"Molina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shalhevet Goldfeather","family":"Ben-Zaken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nir","family":"Shoham-Hazon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"6763_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1159\/000486145","volume":"239","author":"A Grzybowski","year":"2018","unstructured":"Grzybowski A, Told R, Sacu S et al (2018) 2018 update on intravitreal injections: euretina expert consensus recommendations. 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