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Optical coherence tomography (OCT) scans at follow-up visits (after transition to neovascular AMD and 12 months after the initiation of anti-VEGF therapy) were compared with values at the latest visit with evidence of intermediate AMD to quantify longitudinal choroidal changes. Enhanced depth imaging (EDI) OCT scans were analyzed to obtain the following metrics: (i) choroidal volume, (ii) choroidal stromal volume, (iii) choroidal vascular volume, and (iv) CVI.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>At baseline, the mean (median; IQR) choroidal volume (i.e., including both the stromal and vascular components) was 0.156\u00a0mm\u00b3 (0.149; 0.065), increasing to 0.163\u00a0mm\u00b3 (0.148; 0.068) at the follow-up when treatment-na\u00efve exudative MNV was first detected (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.013). After 12 months of anti-VEGF therapy, it returned to near-baseline levels at 0.156\u00a0mm\u00b3 (0.146; 0.065; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.457). Similarly, the choroidal stromal and choroidal volumes increased at MNV detection but returned to baseline after treatment. Conversely, no alterations in CVI were observed between the baseline and follow-up visits.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The transition from intermediate to exudative neovascular AMD is associated with a significant increase in choroidal volume, affecting both stromal and luminal components. After anti-VEGF treatment, these changes regress, returning to baseline levels.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-025-06767-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,13]],"date-time":"2025-02-13T03:45:12Z","timestamp":1739418312000},"page":"1289-1296","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Capturing the transition from intermediate to neovascular AMD: Longitudinal changes in choroidal volume and choroidal vascularity index"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"263","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2815-5031","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Enrico","family":"Borrelli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdul Rasheed","family":"Mohammed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Costanza","family":"Barresi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kiran Kumar","family":"Vupparaboina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pasquale","family":"Viggiano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Boscia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Berni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ugo","family":"Introini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michele","family":"Reibaldi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Bandello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jay","family":"Chhablani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,13]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"6767_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.122.4.564","volume":"122","author":"DS Friedman","year":"2004","unstructured":"Friedman DS, O\u2019Colmain BJ, Mu\u00f1oz B et al (2004) Prevalence of age-related macular degeneration in the United States. 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