{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T21:01:30Z","timestamp":1792011690830,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,22]],"date-time":"2025-03-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742601600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,22]],"date-time":"2025-03-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742601600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>This study aimed to investigate longitudinal changes in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and refraction in patients following vitrectomy for stage 4 retinopathy of prematurity (ROP).<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>We conducted a retrospective review of 42 eyes from 25 patients (35 eyes with stage 4A, 7 eyes with stage 4B) who had successful vitrectomy for stage 4 ROP and were followed for at least 8 years. Postoperative BCVAs and refractive errors between ages 5 and 8 years were compared. Factors related to BCVA at ages 5 and 8, as well as their differences, were analyzed.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>In stage 4A ROP eyes, the mean logMAR BCVA improved significantly from 0.83 (20\/135) to 0.63 (20\/85) (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and a myopic shift of 1 D or more occurred in 21 eyes (61.8%) between ages 5 and 8. In the poor BCVA group at age 5 in the stage 4A eyes, dominant eyes showed a trend of BCVA improvement by ages 5\u20138 (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.06). Multiple regression analysis of the patients with stage 4A ROP showed that phakic and dominant eyes at age 5 were independently associated with better BCVA at ages 5 and 8 (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.006 and 0.016 for age 5; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.009 and 0.002 for age 8). No significant BCVA improvement was noted in stage 4B ROP eyes during the same period.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>This study indicated the possibility of continued visual improvement beyond age 5 in patients who underwent vitrectomy for stage 4A ROP, although a myopic shift occurred concurrently.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Key messages<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\n              <jats:bold>\n                <jats:italic>What is known<\/jats:italic>\n              <\/jats:bold>\n              <jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n                <jats:list-item>\n                  <jats:p>Previous studies have reported long-term visual prognosis and refractive errors at specific time points after vitrectomy for ROP in small case series, but there has been limited research on serial changes.<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:list-item>\n              <\/jats:list>\n            <\/jats:p>\n            <jats:p>\n              <jats:bold>\n                <jats:italic>What is new<\/jats:italic>\n              <\/jats:bold>\n              <jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n                <jats:list-item>\n                  <jats:p>This study demonstrates the potential for ongoing visual improvement beyond age 5 and highlights longitudinal myopic changes between ages 5 and 8 in patients who underwent vitrectomy for stage 4A ROP.<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:list-item>\n                <jats:list-item>\n                  <jats:p>In patients with poor visual acuity at age 5, being the dominant eye was significantly associated with improved visual acuity by age 8.<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:list-item>\n                <jats:list-item>\n                  <jats:p>The findings indicate that postoperative visual acuity in ROP patients gradually improves, even as myopia progresses, underscoring the need for long-term follow-up.<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:list-item>\n              <\/jats:list>\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-025-06801-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,23]],"date-time":"2025-03-23T02:24:35Z","timestamp":1742696675000},"page":"2041-2048","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Long-term visual function and refractive changes after vitrectomy for stage 4 retinopathy of prematurity"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"263","author":[{"given":"Kuniko","family":"Tachibana","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiharu","family":"Iwahashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazuki","family":"Kuniyoshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8364-0948","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shunji","family":"Kusaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"6801_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1216","DOI":"10.1038\/s41372-021-01015-8","volume":"41","author":"EH Wood","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wood EH, Chang EY, Beck K et al (2021) 80 years of vision: preventing blindness from retinopathy of prematurity. 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Moreover, this study was approved by the Ethics Review Board of Kindai University Hospital. approval (approval no. 28\u2013264).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics"}},{"value":"The requirement for informed consent was waived because of the study\u2019s retrospective design.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"No conflicting relationship exists for any author.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}