{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T09:52:25Z","timestamp":1790502745350,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,29]],"date-time":"2025-11-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764374400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,29]],"date-time":"2025-11-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764374400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Optic neuritis (ON) is a rare but treatable side effect of vaccination. The global vaccination effort to SARS-CoV-2 offered a unique chance to study post-vaccination ON.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A one-year, prospective, multi-center follow-up study by the International Consortium for ON (ICON) in specialized neuro-ophthalmological clinical centers. The pre-specified protocol was confirm with the international consensus diagnostic criteria for making a diagnosis of definite ON. The main outcome measures were speed of treatment initiation, best corrected high contrast visual acuity and retinal asymmetry metrics on optical coherence tomography indicating atrophy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Inclusion of 73 individuals from 15 countries with ON following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. There were notable differences in characteristics of post-vaccination ON meeting diagnostic criteria compared to pre-COVID19 pandemic incidence studies. These included more frequent bilateral presentation 17\/69 (25%) and older age at onset. Post-vaccination ON mostly manifested after the first vaccine dose in 58 individuals (84%). The most frequent (78%) presenting symptom was pain which worsened on eye movements. Twenty-two percent had autoantibodies to MOG and none to AQP4. Initial median visual acuity was logMAR 1.0, improving to logMAR 0.0 at one-year follow-up. Early corticosteroid treatment significantly preserved retinal nerve fiber, macular ganglion cell, and inner nuclear layers compared to later or no treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Functional visual recovery in post-vaccination ON cases is good. Rapid treatment with corticosteroids provides neuroprotection, underscoring the need for timely intervention. Long-term management depends on presence of autoantibodies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Key messages<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:bold>\n                        <jats:italic>What is known<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:bold>\n                      <jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Post-vaccination optic neuritis (ON) was previously considered a rare, anecdotal occurrence before the COVID-19 pandemic.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Retrospective database studies conducted after the pandemic identified ON as the second most common vaccine-related complication affecting vision.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <\/jats:list>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:bold>\n                        <jats:italic>What is new<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:bold>\n                      <jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>A prospective, deeply phenotyped global cohort of post-vaccination ON was studied using a pre-specified protocol and novel consensus diagnostic criteria.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Longitudinal data demonstrated excellent recovery of visual function, despite measurable atrophy in the retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) and ganglion cell layer (GCL) on optical coherence tomography (OCT).<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Evidence supports that rapid initiation of corticosteroid treatment helps preserve the RNFL and GCL, highlighting this as a treatable condition with favorable outcomes when managed promptly.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <\/jats:list>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-025-06805-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,29]],"date-time":"2025-11-29T18:44:41Z","timestamp":1764441881000},"page":"851-862","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Treatment of post-vaccination optic neuritis: implications from the global SARS-CoV-2 vaccination effort"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"264","author":[{"given":"Yan 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Specifically, James Acheson has since retired and asked to be removed, D\u00e1lia Meira has been added and Chris Ovens was misspelled as Owen.","order":8,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 January 2026","order":9,"name":"change_date","label":"Change Date","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Correction","order":10,"name":"change_type","label":"Change Type","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"A Correction to this paper has been published:","order":11,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00417-026-07129-z","URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00417-026-07129-z","order":12,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study, approved by the Institutional Research Board at Moorfields Eye Hospital (study number CaRS_24).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Patient consent"}},{"value":"All authors certify that they have no affiliations with or involvement in any organization or entity with any financial interest (such as honoraria; educational grants; participation in speakers\u2019 bureaus; membership, employment, consultancies, stock ownership, or other equity interest; and expert testimony or patent-licensing arrangements), or non-financial interest (such as personal or professional relationships, affiliations, knowledge or beliefs) in the subject matter or materials discussed in this manuscript.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}