{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T12:31:28Z","timestamp":1790253088819,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":93,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,16]],"date-time":"2025-04-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744761600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,16]],"date-time":"2025-04-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744761600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-025-06817-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,16]],"date-time":"2025-04-16T11:17:59Z","timestamp":1744802279000},"page":"2081-2099","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Geographic atrophy in Asia"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"263","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3358-3516","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chui Ming Gemmy","family":"Cheung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Youxin","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank G.","family":"Holz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akitaka","family":"Tsujikawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"SriniVas","family":"Sadda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"6817_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1693","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20071693","volume":"20","author":"M Nebbioso","year":"2019","unstructured":"Nebbioso M, Lambiase A, Cerini A, Limoli PG, La Cava M, Greco A (2019) Therapeutic approaches with intravitreal injections in geographic atrophy secondary to age-related macular degeneration: current drugs and potential molecules. Int J Mol Sci 20:1693. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms20071693","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"6817_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000001392","volume":"37","author":"DS Boyer","year":"2017","unstructured":"Boyer DS, Schmidt-Erfurth U, van Lookeren CM, Henry EC, Brittain C (2017) The pathophysiology of geographic atrophy secondary to age-related macular degeneration and the complement pathway as a therapeutic target. Retina 37:819\u2013835. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/IAE.0000000000001392","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"6817_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7348","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-25557-8","volume":"8","author":"KJ Katschke","year":"2018","unstructured":"Katschke KJ, Xi H, Cox C et al (2018) Classical and alternative complement activation on photoreceptor outer segments drives monocyte-dependent retinal atrophy. Sci Rep 8:7348. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-018-25557-8","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"6817_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2017.08.038","volume":"125","author":"M Fleckenstein","year":"2018","unstructured":"Fleckenstein M, Mitchell P, Freund KB et al (2018) The progression of geographic atrophy secondary to age-related macular degeneration. Ophthalmology 125:369\u2013390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ophtha.2017.08.038","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"6817_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0212563","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0212563","volume":"14","author":"M Nassisi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Nassisi M, Baghdasaryan E, Borrelli E, Ip M, Sadda SR (2019) Choriocapillaris flow impairment surrounding geographic atrophy correlates with disease progression. PLoS ONE 14:e0212563. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0212563","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"6817_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"842","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2017.11.036","volume":"125","author":"U Chakravarthy","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chakravarthy U, Bailey CC, Johnston RL et al (2018) Characterizing disease burden and progression of geographic atrophy secondary to age-related macular degeneration. Ophthalmology 125:842\u2013849. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ophtha.2017.11.036","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"6817_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1186\/s40942-023-00493-6","volume":"9","author":"B Antonio-Aguirre","year":"2023","unstructured":"Antonio-Aguirre B, Arevalo JF (2023) Treating patients with geographic atrophy: are we there yet? Int J Retina Vitreous 9:72. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40942-023-00493-6","journal-title":"Int J Retina Vitreous"},{"key":"6817_CR8","unstructured":"Apellis Pharmaceuticals Inc. (2023) SYFOVRE\u00ae (pegcetacoplan injection) highlights of prescribing information. https:\/\/pi.apellis.com\/files\/PI_SYFOVRE.pdf. Accessed 11 June 2024"},{"key":"6817_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1449","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)01583-0","volume":"402","author":"AM Khanani","year":"2023","unstructured":"Khanani AM, Patel SS, Staurenghi G et al (2023) Efficacy and safety of avacincaptad pegol in patients with geographic atrophy (GATHER2): 12-month results from a randomised, double-masked, phase 3 trial. Lancet 402:1449\u20131458. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)01583-0","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"6817_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1371","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2020.04.019","volume":"127","author":"TH Rim","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rim TH, Kawasaki R, Tham YC et al (2020) Prevalence and pattern of geographic atrophy in Asia: the Asian Eye Epidemiology Consortium. Ophthalmology 127:1371\u20131381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ophtha.2020.04.019","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"6817_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e106","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(13)70145-1","volume":"2","author":"WL Wong","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wong WL, Su X, Li X, Cheung CMG, Klein R, Cheng C-Y, Wong TY (2014) Global prevalence of age-related macular degeneration and disease burden projection for 2020 and 2040: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Glob Health 2:e106\u2013e116. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2214-109X(13)70145-1","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"key":"6817_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oret.2022.12.013","volume":"7","author":"KYC Teo","year":"2023","unstructured":"Teo KYC, Fujimoto S, Sadda SR et al (2023) Geographic atrophy phenotypes in subjects of different ethnicity: Asia-Pacific Ocular Imaging Society work group report 3. Ophthalmol Retina 7:593\u2013604. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.oret.2022.12.013","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Retina"},{"key":"6817_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.122.4.564","volume":"122","author":"DS Friedman","year":"2004","unstructured":"Friedman DS, O\u2019Colmain BJ, Munoz B et al (2004) Prevalence of age-related macular degeneration in the United States. Arch Ophthalmol 122:564\u2013572. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/archopht.122.4.564","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"6817_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.eye.6702176","volume":"20","author":"S Sivaprasad","year":"2006","unstructured":"Sivaprasad S, Chong NV (2006) The complement system and age-related macular degeneration. Eye 20:867\u2013872. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/sj.eye.6702176","journal-title":"Eye"},{"key":"6817_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1097\/iio.0000000000000073","volume":"55","author":"JE Knickelbein","year":"2015","unstructured":"Knickelbein JE, Chan CC, Sen HN, Ferris FL, Nussenblatt RB (2015) Inflammatory mechanisms of age-related macular degeneration. Int Ophthalmol Clin 55:63\u201378. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/iio.0000000000000073","journal-title":"Int Ophthalmol Clin"},{"key":"6817_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-010-1568-6","volume":"249","author":"P Charbel Issa","year":"2011","unstructured":"Charbel Issa P, Chong NV, Scholl HP (2011) The significance of the complement system for the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration - current evidence and translation into clinical application. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 249:163\u2013174. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00417-010-1568-6","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"6817_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2593","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0002593","volume":"3","author":"HP Scholl","year":"2008","unstructured":"Scholl HP, Charbel Issa P, Walier M et al (2008) Systemic complement activation in age-related macular degeneration. PLoS ONE 3:e2593. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0002593","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"6817_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddp472","volume":"19","author":"LA Hecker","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hecker LA, Edwards AO, Ryu E et al (2009) Genetic control of the alternative pathway of complement in humans and age-related macular degeneration. Hum Mol Genet 19:209\u2013215. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/hmg\/ddp472","journal-title":"Hum Mol Genet"},{"key":"6817_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"752","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2022.02.026","volume":"129","author":"EF Thee","year":"2022","unstructured":"Thee EF, Colijn JM, Cougnard-Gregoire A et al (2022) The phenotypic course of age-related macular degeneration for ARMS2\/HTRA1: the EYE-RISK Consortium. Ophthalmology 129:752\u2013764. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ophtha.2022.02.026","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"6817_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1586\/eop.13.3","volume":"8","author":"JZ Kuo","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kuo JZ, Wong TY, Ong FS (2013) Genetic risk, ethnic variations and pharmacogenetic biomarkers in age-related macular degeneration and polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy. Expert Rev Ophthalmol 8:127\u2013140. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1586\/eop.13.3","journal-title":"Expert Rev Ophthalmol"},{"key":"6817_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3242","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.05-1532","volume":"47","author":"L-I Lau","year":"2006","unstructured":"Lau L-I, Chen S-J, Cheng C-Y et al (2006) Association of the Y402H polymorphism in complement factor H gene and neovascular age-related macular degeneration in Chinese patients. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 47:3242\u20133246. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1167\/iovs.05-1532","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"6817_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1252","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2013.12.034","volume":"121","author":"RP Finger","year":"2014","unstructured":"Finger RP, Wu Z, Luu CD et al (2014) Reticular pseudodrusen: a risk factor for geographic atrophy in fellow eyes of individuals with unilateral choroidal neovascularization. Ophthalmology 121:1252\u20131256. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ophtha.2013.12.034","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"6817_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1111\/cxo.12842","volume":"102","author":"AJ Wightman","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wightman AJ, Guymer RH (2019) Reticular pseudodrusen: current understanding. Clin Exp Optom 102:455\u2013462. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cxo.12842","journal-title":"Clin Exp Optom"},{"key":"6817_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.4103\/tjo.tjo_18_22","volume":"12","author":"M Monge","year":"2022","unstructured":"Monge M, Araya A, Wu L (2022) Subretinal drusenoid deposits: an update. Taiwan J Ophthalmol 12:138\u2013146. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/tjo.tjo_18_22","journal-title":"Taiwan J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"6817_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-023-02993-3","volume":"23","author":"ET Peng","year":"2023","unstructured":"Peng ET, Adrean SD (2023) Geographic atrophy after reabsorption of pigment epithelial detachment (GARPED) study. BMC Ophthalmol 23:242. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12886-023-02993-3","journal-title":"BMC Ophthalmol"},{"key":"6817_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3100","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.19-26589","volume":"60","author":"S Fragiotta","year":"2019","unstructured":"Fragiotta S, Fern\u00e1ndez-Avellaneda P, Breazzano MP et al (2019) The fate and prognostic implications of hyperreflective crystalline deposits in nonneovascular age-related macular degeneration. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 60:3100\u20133109. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1167\/iovs.19-26589","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"6817_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xops.2022.100162","volume":"2","author":"J Liu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Liu J, Laiginhas R, Shen M et al (2022) Multimodal imaging and en face OCT detection of calcified drusen in eyes with age-related macular degeneration. Ophthalmol Sci 2:100162. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.xops.2022.100162","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Sci"},{"key":"6817_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-024-06389-x","author":"N Manafi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Manafi N, Mahmoudi A, Emamverdi M, Corradetti G, Corona ST, Wykoff CC, Sadda SR (2024) Topographic analysis of local OCT biomarkers which predict progression to atrophy in age-related macular degeneration. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00417-024-06389-x","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"6817_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oret.2017.02.006","volume":"1","author":"J Mones","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mones J, Garcia M, Biarnes M, Lakkaraju A, Ferraro L (2017) Drusen ooze: a novel hypothesis in geographic atrophy. Ophthalmol Retina 1:461\u2013473. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.oret.2017.02.006","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Retina"},{"key":"6817_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1839","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.15-18572","volume":"57","author":"NS Abdelfattah","year":"2016","unstructured":"Abdelfattah NS, Zhang H, Boyer DS, Rosenfeld PJ, Feuer WJ, Gregori G, Sadda SR (2016) Drusen volume as a predictor of disease progression in patients with late age-related macular degeneration in the fellow eye. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 57:1839\u20131846. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1167\/iovs.15-18572","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"6817_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2250","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000001258","volume":"36","author":"S Schmitz-Valckenberg","year":"2016","unstructured":"Schmitz-Valckenberg S, Sadda S, Staurenghi G, Chew EY, Fleckenstein M, Holz FG, CAM Group (2016) Geographic atrophy: semantic considerations and literature review. Retina 36:2250\u20132264. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/IAE.0000000000001258","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"6817_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2034","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9072034","volume":"9","author":"K Yamashiro","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yamashiro K, Hosoda Y, Miyake M, Ooto S, Tsujikawa A (2020) Characteristics of pachychoroid diseases and age-related macular degeneration: multimodal imaging and genetic backgrounds. J Clin Med 9:2034. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm9072034","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"6817_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0246115","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0246115","volume":"16","author":"H Matsumoto","year":"2021","unstructured":"Matsumoto H, Mukai R, Hoshino J et al (2021) Choroidal congestion mouse model: could it serve as a pachychoroid model? PLoS ONE 16:e0246115. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0246115","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"6817_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oret.2017.08.016","volume":"2","author":"A Takahashi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Takahashi A, Ooto S, Yamashiro K et al (2018) Pachychoroid geographic atrophy: clinical and genetic characteristics. Ophthalmol Retina 2:295\u2013305. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.oret.2017.08.016","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Retina"},{"key":"6817_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oret.2023.06.004","volume":"7","author":"Y Sato","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sato Y, Ueda-Arakawa N, Takahashi A et al (2023) Clinical characteristics and progression of geographic atrophy in a Japanese population. Ophthalmol Retina 7:901\u2013909. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.oret.2023.06.004","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Retina"},{"key":"6817_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"868","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oret.2020.12.002","volume":"5","author":"LL Shen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Shen LL, Sun M, Ahluwalia A, Young BK, Park MM, Del Priore LV (2021) Geographic atrophy growth is strongly related to lesion perimeter: unifying effects of lesion area, number, and circularity on growth. Ophthalmol Retina 5:868\u2013878. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.oret.2020.12.002","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Retina"},{"key":"6817_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oret.2020.03.020","volume":"4","author":"LL Shen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Shen LL, Sun M, Grossetta Nardini HK, Del Priore LV (2020) Progression of unifocal versus multifocal geographic atrophy in age-related macular degeneration: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ophthalmol Retina 4:899\u2013910. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.oret.2020.03.020","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Retina"},{"key":"6817_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2020.08.027","volume":"128","author":"GJ Jaffe","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jaffe GJ, Westby K, Csaky KG et al (2021) C5 inhibitor avacincaptad pegol for geographic atrophy due to age-related macular degeneration: a randomized pivotal phase 2\/3 trial. Ophthalmology 128:576\u2013586. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ophtha.2020.08.027","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"6817_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2011.08.012","volume":"153","author":"MY Lee","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lee MY, Yoon J, Ham DI (2012) Clinical characteristics of reticular pseudodrusen in Korean patients. Am J Ophthalmol 153:530\u2013535. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajo.2011.08.012","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"6817_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100081","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xops.2021.100081","volume":"1","author":"M Sato-Akushichi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sato-Akushichi M, Kinouchi R, Ishiko S et al (2021) Population-based prevalence and 5-year change of soft drusen, pseudodrusen, and pachydrusen in a Japanese population. Ophthalmol Science 1:100081. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.xops.2021.100081","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Science"},{"key":"6817_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09286586.2024.2321892","author":"MY Song","year":"2024","unstructured":"Song MY, Kim Y, Han K, Kim JH (2024) Prevalence and risk factors of age-related macular degeneration in South Korea: Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Ophthalmic Epidemiol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/09286586.2024.2321892","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Epidemiol"},{"key":"6817_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1097\/iae.0000000000003651","volume":"43","author":"K Takahashi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Takahashi K, Song Y, Cheong KX et al (2023) Pattern and characteristics of drusen subtypes in Chinese and Indian populations in Singapore. Retina 43:303\u2013312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/iae.0000000000003651","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"6817_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1007\/s10384-021-00892-y","volume":"66","author":"A Tsujikawa","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tsujikawa A, Takahashi K, Obata R et al (2022) Dry age-related macular degeneration in the Japanese population. Jpn J Ophthalmol 66:8\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10384-021-00892-y","journal-title":"Jpn J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"6817_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2012.08.011","volume":"155","author":"N Ueda-Arakawa","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ueda-Arakawa N, Ooto S, Nakata I, Yamashiro K, Tsujikawa A, Oishi A, Yoshimura N (2013) Prevalence and genomic association of reticular pseudodrusen in age-related macular degeneration. Am J Ophthalmol 155:260-269.e262. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajo.2012.08.011","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"6817_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2014-305768","volume":"99","author":"KO Akuffo","year":"2015","unstructured":"Akuffo KO, Nolan J, Stack J et al (2015) Prevalence of age-related macular degeneration in the Republic of Ireland. Br J Ophthalmol 99:1037\u20131044. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2014-305768","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"6817_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5593","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.15-18816","volume":"57","author":"GH Buitendijk","year":"2016","unstructured":"Buitendijk GH, Hooghart AJ, Brussee C, de Jong PT, Hofman A, Vingerling JR, Klaver CC (2016) Epidemiology of reticular pseudodrusen in age-related macular degeneration: the Rotterdam study. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 57:5593\u20135601. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1167\/iovs.15-18816","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"6817_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1196","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oret.2018.06.014","volume":"2","author":"CMG Cheung","year":"2018","unstructured":"Cheung CMG, Gan A, Yanagi Y, Wong TY, Spaide R (2018) Association between choroidal thickness and drusen subtypes in age-related macular degeneration. Ophthalmol Retina 2:1196\u20131205. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.oret.2018.06.014","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Retina"},{"key":"6817_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2006.101022","volume":"91","author":"SY Cohen","year":"2007","unstructured":"Cohen SY, Dubois L, Tadayoni R, Delahaye-Mazza C, Debibie C, Quentel G (2007) Prevalence of reticular pseudodrusen in age-related macular degeneration with newly diagnosed choroidal neovascularisation. Br J Ophthalmol 91:354\u2013359. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bjo.2006.101022","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"6817_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1659","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2019.07.022","volume":"126","author":"A Domalpally","year":"2019","unstructured":"Domalpally A, Agron E, Pak JW, Keenan TD, Ferris FL 3rd, Clemons TE, Chew EY (2019) Prevalence, risk, and genetic association of reticular pseudodrusen in age-related macular degeneration: age-related eye disease study 2 report 21. Ophthalmology 126:1659\u20131666. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ophtha.2019.07.022","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"6817_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4838","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.19-27283","volume":"60","author":"PH Gabrielle","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gabrielle PH, Seydou A, Arnould L et al (2019) Subretinal drusenoid deposits in the elderly in a population-based study (the Montrachet Study). Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 60:4838\u20134848. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1167\/iovs.19-27283","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"6817_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2011.09.027","volume":"119","author":"AR Rudnicka","year":"2012","unstructured":"Rudnicka AR, Jarrar Z, Wormald R, Cook DG, Fletcher A, Owen CG (2012) Age and gender variations in age-related macular degeneration prevalence in populations of European ancestry: a meta-analysis. Ophthalmology 119:571\u2013580. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ophtha.2011.09.027","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"6817_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.15767","volume":"101","author":"S Vujosevic","year":"2023","unstructured":"Vujosevic S, Alovisi C, Chakravarthy U (2023) Epidemiology of geographic atrophy and its precursor features of intermediate age-related macular degeneration. Acta Ophthalmol 101:839\u2013856. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/aos.15767","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol"},{"key":"6817_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2010.194977","volume":"95","author":"J Sarks","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sarks J, Arnold J, Ho IV, Sarks S, Killingsworth M (2011) Evolution of reticular pseudodrusen. Br J Ophthalmol 95:979\u2013985. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bjo.2010.194977","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"6817_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1130","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-018-0049-8","volume":"32","author":"C Wilde","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wilde C, Poostchi A, Mehta RL et al (2018) Prevalence of reticular pseudodrusen in an elderly UK Caucasian population-The Bridlington Eye Assessment Project (BEAP): a cross-sectional study (2002\u20132006). Eye (Lond) 32:1130\u20131137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41433-018-0049-8","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"key":"6817_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2009.07.014","volume":"117","author":"SA Zweifel","year":"2010","unstructured":"Zweifel SA, Spaide RF, Curcio CA, Malek G, Imamura Y (2010) Reticular pseudodrusen are subretinal drusenoid deposits. Ophthalmology 117:303-312.e301. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ophtha.2009.07.014","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"6817_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1434","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)01520-9","volume":"402","author":"JS Heier","year":"2023","unstructured":"Heier JS, Lad EM, Holz FG et al (2023) Pegcetacoplan for the treatment of geographic atrophy secondary to age-related macular degeneration (OAKS and DERBY): two multicentre, randomised, double-masked, sham-controlled, phase 3 trials. Lancet 402:1434\u20131448. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)01520-9","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"6817_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2401","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2016.06.025","volume":"123","author":"A Domalpally","year":"2016","unstructured":"Domalpally A, Danis R, Agron E, Blodi B, Clemons T, Chew E, Age-Related Eye Disease Study 2 Research Group (2016) Evaluation of geographic atrophy from color photographs and fundus autofluorescence images: Age-Related Eye Disease Study 2 report number 11. Ophthalmology 123:2401\u20132407. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ophtha.2016.06.025","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"6817_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2008.05.050","volume":"146","author":"R Klein","year":"2008","unstructured":"Klein R, Meuer SM, Knudtson MD, Klein BE (2008) The epidemiology of progression of pure geographic atrophy: the Beaver Dam Eye Study. Am J Ophthalmol 146:692\u2013699. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajo.2008.05.050","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"6817_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2013.275","volume":"28","author":"YJ Jeong","year":"2014","unstructured":"Jeong YJ, Hong IH, Chung JK, Kim KL, Kim HK, Park SP (2014) Predictors for the progression of geographic atrophy in patients with age-related macular degeneration: fundus autofluorescence study with modified fundus camera. Eye (Lond) 28:209\u2013218. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/eye.2013.275","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"key":"6817_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2006.11.041","volume":"143","author":"FG Holz","year":"2007","unstructured":"Holz FG, Bindewald-Wittich A, Fleckenstein M, Dreyhaupt J, Scholl HP, Schmitz-Valckenberg S, FAM-Study Group (2007) Progression of geographic atrophy and impact of fundus autofluorescence patterns in age-related macular degeneration. Am J Ophthalmol 143:463\u2013472. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajo.2006.11.041","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"6817_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7812","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.13-12284","volume":"54","author":"JY Lee","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lee JY, Lee DH, Lee JY, Yoon YH (2013) Correlation between subfoveal choroidal thickness and the severity or progression of nonexudative age-related macular degeneration. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 54:7812\u20137818. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1167\/iovs.13-12284","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"6817_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.3341\/kjo.2021.0037","volume":"35","author":"JI You","year":"2021","unstructured":"You JI, Kim DG, Yu SY, Kim ES, Kim K (2021) Correlation between topographic progression of geographic atrophy and visual acuity changes. Korean J Ophthalmol 35:448\u2013454. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3341\/kjo.2021.0037","journal-title":"Korean J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"6817_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2015.09.036","volume":"123","author":"S Schmitz-Valckenberg","year":"2016","unstructured":"Schmitz-Valckenberg S, Sahel JA, Danis R et al (2016) Natural history of geographic atrophy progression secondary to age-related macular degeneration (Geographic Atrophy Progression Study). Ophthalmology 123:361\u2013368. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ophtha.2015.09.036","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"6817_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6552","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.11-7298","volume":"52","author":"M Fleckenstein","year":"2011","unstructured":"Fleckenstein M, Schmitz-Valckenberg S, Adrion C et al (2011) Progression of age-related geographic atrophy: role of the fellow eye. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 52:6552\u20136557. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1167\/iovs.11-7298","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"6817_CR65","unstructured":"Singer M, Goldberg RA, Mitchell P et al (2022) Detailed baseline demographics and disease characteristics of patients with geographic atrophy enrolled in the Phase 3 OAKS and DERBY clinical trials\u2026 and why it matters! Presented at: 40th Annual Meeting of the American Society of Retina Specialists. July 13\u201316 2022; New York, NY, USA"},{"key":"6817_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0255213","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0255213","volume":"16","author":"S Notomi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Notomi S, Shiose S, Ishikawa K et al (2021) Drusen and pigment abnormality predict the development of neovascular age-related macular degeneration in Japanese patients. PLoS ONE 16:e0255213. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0255213","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"6817_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000001689","volume":"38","author":"RF Spaide","year":"2018","unstructured":"Spaide RF (2018) Disease expression in nonexudative age-related macular degeneration varies with choroidal thickness. Retina 38:708\u2013716. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/IAE.0000000000001689","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"6817_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2042","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2013.03.029","volume":"120","author":"N Joachim","year":"2013","unstructured":"Joachim N, Mitchell P, Kifley A, Rochtchina E, Hong T, Wang JJ (2013) Incidence and progression of geographic atrophy: observations from a population-based cohort. Ophthalmology 120:2042\u20132050. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ophtha.2013.03.029","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"6817_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"906","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000002054","volume":"39","author":"I Mantel","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mantel I, Dirani A, Zola M, Parvin P, De Massougnes S, Bergin C (2019) Macular atrophy incidence in anti-vascular endothelial growth factor\u2013treated neovascular age-related macular degeneration: risk factor evaluation for individualized treatment need of ranibizumab or aflibercept according to an observe-and-plan regimen. Retina 39:906\u2013917. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/IAE.0000000000002054","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"6817_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7362","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.12-11073","volume":"54","author":"M Marsiglia","year":"2013","unstructured":"Marsiglia M, Boddu S, Bearelly S et al (2013) Association between geographic atrophy progression and reticular pseudodrusen in eyes with dry age-related macular degeneration. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 54:7362\u20137369. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1167\/iovs.12-11073","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"6817_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-022-02518-4","volume":"22","author":"D Kang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kang D, Yoon EG, Nam KT, Yun C (2022) Chorioretinal thickness and retinal pigment epithelial degeneration of fellow eyes in patients with unilateral neovascular age-related macular degeneration with subretinal drusenoid deposits. BMC Ophthalmol 22:304. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12886-022-02518-4","journal-title":"BMC Ophthalmol"},{"key":"6817_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2020.12.015","volume":"224","author":"Y Shi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Shi Y, Zhang Q, Zhou H et al (2021) Correlations between choriocapillaris and choroidal measurements and the growth of geographic atrophy using swept source OCT imaging. Am J Ophthalmol 224:321\u2013331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajo.2020.12.015","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"6817_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"686","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000002990","volume":"41","author":"F Corvi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Corvi F, Tiosano L, Corradetti G et al (2021) Choriocapillaris flow deficits as a risk factor for progression of age-related macular degeneration. Retina 41:686\u2013693. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/IAE.0000000000002990","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"6817_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1159\/000510727","volume":"244","author":"PL Muller","year":"2021","unstructured":"Muller PL, Pfau M, Schmitz-Valckenberg S, Fleckenstein M, Holz FG (2021) Optical coherence tomography-angiography in geographic atrophy. Ophthalmologica 244:42\u201350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000510727","journal-title":"Ophthalmologica"},{"key":"6817_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5565","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-42052-w","volume":"9","author":"J Baek","year":"2019","unstructured":"Baek J, Kook L, Lee WK (2019) Choriocapillaris flow impairments in association with pachyvessel in early stages of pachychoroid. Sci Rep 9:5565. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-019-42052-w","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"6817_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2018.1544","volume":"136","author":"FG Holz","year":"2018","unstructured":"Holz FG, Sadda SR, Busbee B et al (2018) Efficacy and safety of lampalizumab for geographic atrophy due to age-related macular degeneration: Chroma and Spectri phase 3 randomized clinical trials. JAMA Ophthalmol 136:666\u2013677. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2018.1544","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol"},{"key":"6817_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2006.09.016","volume":"114","author":"JS Sunness","year":"2007","unstructured":"Sunness JS, Margalit E, Srikumaran D et al (2007) The long-term natural history of geographic atrophy from age-related macular degeneration: enlargement of atrophy and implications for interventional clinical trials. Ophthalmology 114:271\u2013277. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ophtha.2006.09.016","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"6817_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2010.08.018","volume":"118","author":"Z Yehoshua","year":"2011","unstructured":"Yehoshua Z, Rosenfeld PJ, Gregori G, Feuer WJ, Falcao M, Lujan BJ, Puliafito C (2011) Progression of geographic atrophy in age-related macular degeneration imaged with spectral domain optical coherence tomography. Ophthalmology 118:679\u2013686. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ophtha.2010.08.018","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"6817_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"914","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oret.2022.04.012","volume":"6","author":"M Airaldi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Airaldi M, Corvi F, Cozzi M, Nittala MG, Staurenghi G, Sadda SR (2022) Differences in long-term progression of atrophy between neovascular and nonneovascular age-related macular degeneration. Ophthalmol Retina 6:914\u2013921. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.oret.2022.04.012","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Retina"},{"key":"6817_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1276","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000001766","volume":"38","author":"JG Christenbury","year":"2018","unstructured":"Christenbury JG, Phasukkijwatana N, Gilani F, Freund KB, Sadda S, Sarraf D (2018) Progression of macular atrophy in eyes with type 1 neovascularization and age-related macular degeneration receiving long-term intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy: an optical coherence tomographic angiography analysis. Retina 38:1276\u20131288. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/IAE.0000000000001766","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"6817_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oret.2019.09.016","volume":"4","author":"M Pfau","year":"2020","unstructured":"Pfau M, Moller PT, Kunzel SH et al (2020) Type 1 choroidal neovascularization is associated with reduced localized progression of atrophy in age-related macular degeneration. Ophthalmol Retina 4:238\u2013248. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.oret.2019.09.016","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Retina"},{"key":"6817_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2014.08.035","volume":"122","author":"A Hariri","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hariri A, Nittala MG, Sadda SR (2015) Outer retinal tubulation as a predictor of the enlargement amount of geographic atrophy in age-related macular degeneration. Ophthalmology 122:407\u2013413. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ophtha.2014.08.035","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"6817_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2666","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2013.07.047","volume":"120","author":"A Domalpally","year":"2013","unstructured":"Domalpally A, Danis RP, White J, Narkar A, Clemons T, Ferris F, Chew E (2013) Circularity index as a risk factor for progression of geographic atrophy. Ophthalmology 120:2666\u20132671. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ophtha.2013.07.047","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"6817_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1913","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2018.05.028","volume":"125","author":"TD Keenan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Keenan TD, Agr\u00f3n E, Domalpally A et al (2018) Progression of geographic atrophy in age-related macular degeneration: AREDS2 report number 16. Ophthalmology 125:1913\u20131928. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ophtha.2018.05.028","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"6817_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2020-317636","volume":"106","author":"LL Shen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Shen LL, Sun M, Ahluwalia A et al (2022) Natural history of central sparing in geographic atrophy secondary to non-exudative age-related macular degeneration. Br J Ophthalmol 106:689. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2020-317636","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"6817_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.61.1.2","volume":"61","author":"LL Shen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Shen LL, Sun M, Khetpal S, Grossetta Nardini HK, Del Priore LV (2020) Topographic variation of the growth rate of geographic atrophy in nonexudative age-related macular degeneration: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 61:2. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1167\/iovs.61.1.2","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"6817_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oret.2020.04.014","volume":"4","author":"M Biarn\u00e9s","year":"2020","unstructured":"Biarn\u00e9s M, Colijn JM, Sousa J et al (2020) Genotype- and phenotype-based subgroups in geographic atrophy secondary to age-related macular degeneration: the EYE-RISK Consortium. Ophthalmol Retina 4:1129\u20131137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.oret.2020.04.014","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Retina"},{"key":"6817_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2336","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.05-1456","volume":"47","author":"DA Schaumberg","year":"2006","unstructured":"Schaumberg DA, Christen WG, Kozlowski P, Miller DT, Ridker PM, Zee RY (2006) A prospective assessment of the Y402H variant in complement factor H, genetic variants in C-reactive protein, and risk of age-related macular degeneration. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 47:2336\u20132340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1167\/iovs.05-1456","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"6817_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.eye.6702830","volume":"22","author":"SV Goverdhan","year":"2008","unstructured":"Goverdhan SV, Hannan S, Newsom RB, Luff AJ, Griffiths H, Lotery AJ (2008) An analysis of the CFH Y402H genotype in AMD patients and controls from the UK, and response to PDT treatment. Eye 22:849\u2013854. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/sj.eye.6702830","journal-title":"Eye"},{"key":"6817_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4999","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-84650-7","volume":"11","author":"YH Kim","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kim YH, Lee B, Kang E, Oh J (2021) Clustering of eyes with age-related macular degeneration or pachychoroid spectrum diseases based on choroidal thickness profile. Sci Rep 11:4999. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-021-84650-7","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"6817_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S367089","volume":"17","author":"H Khan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Khan H, Aziz AA, Sulahria H et al (2023) Emerging treatment options for geographic atrophy (GA) secondary to age-related macular degeneration. Clin Ophthalmol 17:321\u2013327. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/OPTH.S367089","journal-title":"Clin Ophthalmol"},{"key":"6817_CR92","unstructured":"ClinicalTrials.gov (2018) Safety and efficacy of brimonidine intravitreal implant in patients with geographic atrophy due to age-related macular degeneration (AMD). https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/study\/NCT00658619. Accessed 11 June 2024"},{"key":"6817_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000002789","volume":"41","author":"BD Kuppermann","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kuppermann BD, Patel SS, Boyer DS et al (2021) Phase 2 study of the safety and efficacy of brimonidine drug delivery system (Brimo DDS) Generation 1 in patients with geographic atrophy secondary to age-related macular degeneration. Retina 41:144\u2013155. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/IAE.0000000000002789","journal-title":"Retina"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-025-06889-4","type":"correction","label":"Correction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,4]],"date-time":"2025-07-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751587200000}}],"container-title":["Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00417-025-06817-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00417-025-06817-6\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00417-025-06817-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,6]],"date-time":"2025-09-06T05:45:39Z","timestamp":1757137539000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00417-025-06817-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,16]]},"references-count":93,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]}},"alternative-id":["6817"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00417-025-06817-6","relation":{"correction":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1007\/s00417-025-06889-4","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0721-832X","1435-702X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0721-832X","type":"print"},{"value":"1435-702X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"9 August 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 March 2025","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 March 2025","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 April 2025","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 July 2025","order":5,"name":"change_date","label":"Change Date","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Correction","order":6,"name":"change_type","label":"Change Type","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"A Correction to this paper has been published:","order":7,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00417-025-06889-4","URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00417-025-06889-4","order":8,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"The authors meet criteria for authorship as recommended by the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) and did not receive payment related to the development of this manuscript. Boehringer Ingelheim was given the opportunity to review the manuscript for medical and scientific accuracy, as well as intellectual property considerations.CMGC reports receiving funding from Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Iveric Bio, Novartis, Roche, Topcon Healthcare, and ZEISS.YC reports receiving consulting fees from AbbVie, Astellas, Bayer Healthcare Pharmaceuticals, Boehringer Ingelheim, Novartis, and Roche.FGH reports receiving research grants and consulting fees from Acucela, Allergan, Apellis, Bayer, Bioeq\/Formycon, Geuder, Heidelberg Engineering, Iveric Bio, Novartis, Pixium Vision, Roche\/Genentech, and ZEISS; and consulting fees from Aerie Pharmaceuticals, Alexion, Alzheon, Annexon, Astellas, Boehringer Ingelheim, Graybug Vision, Janssen, Lin BioScience, Oxurion, and Stealth BioTherapeutics.AT reports receiving funding from Alcon Japan, AMO Japan, Bayer Yakuhin, Canon, Chugai Pharmaceutical, Findex, Otsuka Pharmaceutical, Rohto Nitten, Santen Pharmaceutical, Senju Pharmaceutical, Sumitomo Pharma, and Wakamoto Pharmaceutical; consultancy for Bayer Yakuhin, Chugai Pharmaceutical, Janssen, Kyowa Kirin, Nippon Boehringer Ingelheim, Novartis, Senju Pharmaceutical, and Sumitomo Pharma; and research funding from Alcon Japan, AMO Japan, Bayer Yakuhin, Canon, Chugai Pharmaceutical, Ellex, Johnson & Johnson, Kowa Pharmaceutical, MSD, NIDEK, Nikon Solutions, Novartis, Otsuka Pharmaceutical, Rohto Pharmaceutical, Santen Pharmaceutical, Senju Pharmaceutical, and Wakamoto Pharmaceutical.SS reports receiving consulting fees from 4DMT, AbbVie, Alexion, Allergan, Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Amgen, Apellis Pharmaceuticals, Astellas, Bayer Healthcare Pharmaceuticals, Biogen, Boehringer Ingelheim, Catalyst Pharmaceuticals, Centervue\/iCare, Genentech, Heidelberg Engineering, Hoffmann-La Roche, Iveric Bio, Janssen, Nanoscope, Notal Vision, Novartis, Optos, Oxurion\/ThromboGenics, Oyster Point Pharma, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Samsung Bioepis, and Topcon Medical Systems; honoraria from Carl Zeiss Meditec, Heidelberg Engineering, NIDEK, Novartis, and Topcon Medical Systems; and research Instruments from\u00a0Carl Zeiss Meditec, Centervue\/iCare, Heidelberg Engineering, Optos, NIDEK, and Topcon.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}