{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]],"date-time":"2026-01-02T16:56:53Z","timestamp":1767373013163,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,11]],"date-time":"2025-04-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744329600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,11]],"date-time":"2025-04-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744329600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Universit\u00e4tsklinikum Leipzig"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>This study aims to investigate the clinical characteristics of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) in patients aged over 90 years, a demographic that has been underrepresented in previous research.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Retrospective, single-center, observational case series. The study included patients over 90 years old, excluding those with significant ocular trauma or other specific eye diseases affecting the retina. Data on demographic characteristics, RRD extent, surgical interventions, and postoperative outcomes were collected and analyzed.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The study included 24 patients (24 eyes, 75% female) where the median age was 93 years (range: 91\u201398). Most patients displayed macular involvement, and about one-third experienced proliferative vitreoretinopathy. Surgical interventions primarily involved pars plana vitrectomy, with a noted delay from symptom onset to surgery averaging ten days. Postoperative improvements in visual acuity were significant, yet the final visual acuity remained low. Baseline median BCVA was 2.30 logMAR, and 1.0 (0.30\u20132.30) log MAR at the last visit (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.017). RRD was in 52% of the eyes over two quadrants, in 83.3% with macula involvement, and in 37.5% with proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) at baseline. Of these patients, 61.9% were pseudophakic. Twenty-one eyes of 21 patients underwent treatment and postoperative follow-up was available in 47.6% (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200910) of the patients. Four of the 10 patients with follow-up had redetachment at the last visit.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The high rate of macular involvement and the complexities associated with PVR highlight the challenges of treating RRD in the elderly. Delayed hospital presentation, impaired adherence to posturing and low postoperative follow-up rates may significantly impact the treatment success. This study underscores the need for tailored management strategies to improve outcomes in this age group.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Key Messages<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\n              <jats:bold>\n                <jats:italic>What is known<\/jats:italic>\n              <\/jats:bold>\n              <jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n                <jats:list-item>\n                  <jats:p>An increase in retinal detachments has occurred mainly due to earlier lens surgery in the younger age group but will also occur in the old-aged group as a result of demographic changes.<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:list-item>\n              <\/jats:list>\n            <\/jats:p>\n            <jats:p>\n              <jats:bold>\n                <jats:italic>What is new<\/jats:italic>\n              <\/jats:bold>\n              <jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n                <jats:list-item>\n                  <jats:p>Elderly patients show variable symptoms of retinal detachments and management is complicated by frequent ocular and systemic comorbidities.<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:list-item>\n                <jats:list-item>\n                  <jats:p>The clinical characteristics of detachments at age over 90 years include proliferative vitreoretinopathy and late presentation.<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:list-item>\n                <jats:list-item>\n                  <jats:p>Like vitreoretinal surgery at the end of life, the decision to operate presents a particular challenge.<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:list-item>\n              <\/jats:list>\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-025-06821-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,11]],"date-time":"2025-04-11T10:46:11Z","timestamp":1744368371000},"page":"1899-1905","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Clinical characteristics of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment in patients over 90 years in a tertiary center in Germany: 90-TOSG report 2"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"263","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3873-0581","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Focke","family":"Ziemssen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ay\u015fe G\u00fczin","family":"Ta\u015flipinar Uzel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Spyridon","family":"Dimopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jonas","family":"Neubauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karl Ulrich","family":"Bartz-Schmidt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Faik","family":"Gelisken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"name":"90-T\u00fcbingen Ophthalmology Study Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"6821_CR1","unstructured":"Mirkin B, Weinberg MB (2001) The demography of population aging, United Nations: living arrangements of older persons: critical issues and policy responses, population bulletin of the UN, New York (2001). pp 41\u201342"},{"issue":"3","key":"6821_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.5935\/0004-2749.20170039","volume":"80","author":"MC Cypel","year":"2017","unstructured":"Cypel MC, Salom\u00e3o SR, Dantas PEC, Lottenberg CL, Kasahara N, Ramos LR, Belfort R Jr (2017) Vision status, ophthalmic assessment, and quality of life in the very old. Arq Bras Oftalmol 80(3):159\u2013164. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5935\/0004-2749.20170039","journal-title":"Arq Bras Oftalmol"},{"key":"6821_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ge JY, Teo ZL, Chee ML, Tham YC, Rim TH, Cheng CY, Wong TY; SNEC Surgical Retina Research Group; Wong EYM, Lee SY, Cheung N (2024) International incidence and temporal trends for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Surv Ophthalmol 69(3):330\u2013336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.survophthal.2023.11.005","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2023.11.005"},{"issue":"8","key":"6821_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2431","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-024-06392-2","volume":"262","author":"AS Alfaar","year":"2024","unstructured":"Alfaar AS, Wiedemann P, Rehak M, Wolf A (2024) The rising tide of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment in Germany: a nationwide analysis of the incidence, from 2005 to 2021. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 262(8):2431\u20132438. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00417-024-06392-2","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"2","key":"6821_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1159\/000513080","volume":"244","author":"E Gerstenberger","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gerstenberger E, Stoffelns B, Nickels S, M\u00fcnzel T, Wild PS, Beutel ME, Schmidtmann I, Lackner KJ, Pfeiffer N, Schuster AK (2021) Incidence of retinal detachment in Germany: results from the Gutenberg health study. Ophthalmologica 244(2):133\u2013140. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000513080","journal-title":"Ophthalmologica"},{"issue":"6","key":"6821_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2009.157727","volume":"94","author":"D Mitry","year":"2010","unstructured":"Mitry D, Charteris DG, Fleck BW, Campbell H, Singh J (2010) The epidemiology of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment: geographical variation and clinical associations. Br J Ophthalmol 94(6):678\u2013684. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bjo.2009.157727","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"6821_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Patel SN, Starr MR, Obeid A, Ryan EH, Ryan C, Forbes NJ, Soares RR, Ammar M, Patel LG, Capone A Jr, Emerson GG, Joseph DP, Eliott D, Regillo CD, Gupta OP, Hsu J, Yonekawa Y; Primary Retinal Detachment Outcomes (PRO) Study Group (2020) Characteristics and surgical outcomes of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment in older adults: a multicenter comparative cohort study. Retina. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/IAE.0000000000002969","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000002969"},{"issue":"10","key":"6821_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0110256","volume":"9","author":"Y Ma","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ma Y, Ying X, Zou H, Xu X, Liu H, Bai L, Xu X, Zhang X (2014) Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment surgery in elderly people over 70 years old: visual acuity, quality of life, and cost-utility values. PLoS ONE 9(10):e110256. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0110256","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"8","key":"6821_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1097\/IJG.0000000000002420","volume":"33","author":"KC Manz","year":"2024","unstructured":"Manz KC, Mocek A, H\u00f6er A, Simantiri C, Heuck A, Eberhardt A, Mrosowsky T, Zander S, Fritz B, Schuster AK, Erb C (2024) Epidemiology and treatment of patients with primary open angle glaucoma in Germany: a health claims data analysis. J Glaucoma 33(8):549\u2013558. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/IJG.0000000000002420","journal-title":"J Glaucoma"},{"issue":"4","key":"6821_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1025","DOI":"10.1007\/s40123-024-00901-6","volume":"13","author":"AK Schuster","year":"2024","unstructured":"Schuster AK, Leisle L, Picker N, Bubendorfer-Vorwerk H, Lewis P, Hahn P, Wasem J, Finger RP (2024) Epidemiology of diagnosed age-related macular degeneration in germany: an evaluation of the prevalence using AOK PLUS claims data. Ophthalmol Ther 13(4):1025\u20131039. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40123-024-00901-6","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Ther"},{"key":"6821_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Schuster AK, Pick J, Saalmann F, Pfeiffer N (2018) Inanspruchnahme von augen\u00e4rztlichen Leistungen bei Versicherten mit Pflegebedarf: Analysen anhand von Routinedaten der AOK Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg [Ophthalmologic healthcare utilization of people in need of long-term care: Analyses of health insurance data of the AOK Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg]. Ophthalmologe 115(10):832\u2013841. German. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00347-018-0694-0","DOI":"10.1007\/s00347-018-0694-0"},{"issue":"1","key":"6821_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1186\/s12875-020-01128-7","volume":"21","author":"E Escourrou","year":"2020","unstructured":"Escourrou E, Durrieu F, Chicoulaa B, Dupouy J, Oustric S, Andrieu S, Gardette V (2020) Cognitive, functional, physical, and nutritional status of the oldest old encountered in primary care: a systematic review. BMC Fam Pract 21(1):58. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12875-020-01128-7","journal-title":"BMC Fam Pract"},{"issue":"1","key":"6821_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1186\/s12875-021-01616-4","volume":"23","author":"E Escourrou","year":"2022","unstructured":"Escourrou E, Laurent S, Leroux J, Oustric S, Gardette V (2022) The shift from old age to very old age: an analysis of the perception of aging among older people. BMC Prim Care 23(1):3. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12875-021-01616-4","journal-title":"BMC Prim Care"},{"issue":"3","key":"6821_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03324095","volume":"4","author":"AP Woodhull-McNeal","year":"1992","unstructured":"Woodhull-McNeal AP (1992) Changes in posture and balance with age. Aging (Milano) 4(3):219\u2013225. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF03324095","journal-title":"Aging (Milano)"},{"issue":"1","key":"6821_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2007.02.007","volume":"27","author":"I Poulain","year":"2008","unstructured":"Poulain I, Giraudet G (2008) Age-related changes of visual contribution in posture control. Gait Posture 27(1):1\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2007.02.007","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"issue":"1","key":"6821_CR16","first-page":"72","volume":"92","author":"RG Hamm","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hamm RG (2020) Patient care and positioning adaptations for elderly patients. Radiol Technol 92(1):72\u201374","journal-title":"Radiol Technol"},{"issue":"3","key":"6821_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-021-05507-3","volume":"260","author":"LS Han","year":"2022","unstructured":"Han LS, Oliver GF (2022) An aid to patient positioning after vitrectomy surgery. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 260(3):1033\u20131034. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00417-021-05507-3","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"3","key":"6821_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1167\/tvst.8.3.4","volume":"8","author":"R Velez-Montoya","year":"2019","unstructured":"Velez-Montoya R, Le\u00f3n AG, Hern\u00e1ndez-Quintela E (2019) Assessment of postural compliance after pneumatic retinopexy. Transl Vis Sci Technol 8(3):4. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1167\/tvst.8.3.4","journal-title":"Transl Vis Sci Technol"},{"issue":"2","key":"6821_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1007\/s11673-019-09897-2","volume":"16","author":"A Rabinowich","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rabinowich A, Sagy I, Rabinowich L, Zeller L, Jotkowitz A (2019) Withholding treatment from the dying patient: the influence of medical school on students\u2019 attitudes. J Bioeth Inq 16(2):217\u2013225. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11673-019-09897-2","journal-title":"J Bioeth Inq"},{"key":"6821_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ferrara M, Mehta A, Qureshi H, Avery P, Yorston D, Laidlaw DA, Williamson TH, Steel DHW; BEAVERS Retinal Detachment Outcomes Group (2021) Phenotype and outcomes of phakic versus pseudophakic primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachments: cataract or cataract surgery related? Am J Ophthalmol 222:318\u2013327. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajo.2020.09.036","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2020.09.036"},{"issue":"5","key":"6821_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.13016","volume":"94","author":"ES Eijk","year":"2016","unstructured":"Eijk ES, Busschbach JJ, Timman R, Monteban HC, Vissers JM, van Meurs JC (2016) What made you wait so long? Delays in presentation of retinal detachment: knowledge is related to an attached macula. Acta Ophthalmol 94(5):434\u2013440. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/aos.13016","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"5","key":"6821_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.15815","volume":"102","author":"BM Govers","year":"2024","unstructured":"Govers BM, Keijser S, El Kandoussi M, van Overdam KA, Klevering BJ, Crama N (2024) The effect of patient symptom awareness on the visual outcome in retinal detachment. Acta Ophthalmol 102(5):506\u2013512. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/aos.15815","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"2","key":"6821_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oret.2019.10.013","volume":"4","author":"ES Hwang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hwang ES, Kraker JA, Griffin KJ, Sebag J, Weinberg DV, Kim JE (2020) Accuracy of spectral-domain OCT of the macula for detection of complete posterior vitreous detachment. Ophthalmol Retina 4(2):148\u2013153. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.oret.2019.10.013","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Retina"},{"issue":"7","key":"6821_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"966","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1991.01080070078039","volume":"109","author":"J Sebag","year":"1991","unstructured":"Sebag J (1991) Age-related differences in the human vitreoretinal interface. Arch Ophthalmol 109(7):966\u2013971. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/archopht.1991.01080070078039","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"6","key":"6821_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2004.02.008","volume":"137","author":"W Tseng","year":"2004","unstructured":"Tseng W, Cortez RT, Ramirez G, Stinnett S, Jaffe GJ (2004) Prevalence and risk factors for proliferative vitreoretinopathy in eyes with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment but no previous vitreoretinal surgery. Am J Ophthalmol 137(6):1105\u20131115. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajo.2004.02.008","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"2","key":"6821_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1097\/00006982-198909020-00004","volume":"9","author":"Y Yoshino","year":"1989","unstructured":"Yoshino Y, Ideta H, Nagasaki H, Uemura A (1989) Comparative study of clinical factors predisposing patients to proliferative vitreoretinopathy. Retina 9(2):97\u2013100. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00006982-198909020-00004","journal-title":"Retina"},{"issue":"3","key":"6821_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-017-3880-x","volume":"256","author":"J Potic","year":"2018","unstructured":"Potic J, Bergin C, Giacuzzo C, Daruich A, Konstantinidis L, Wolfensberger TJ (2018) Primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment: risk factors for macular involvement. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 256(3):489\u2013494. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00417-017-3880-x","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"8","key":"6821_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1011","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2016-309178","volume":"101","author":"A Kontos","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kontos A, Williamson TH (2017) Rate and risk factors for the conversion of fovea-on to fovea-off rhegmatogenous retinal detachment while awaiting surgery. Br J Ophthalmol 101(8):1011\u20131015. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2016-309178","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"8","key":"6821_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1114","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2012.112","volume":"26","author":"OA Mahroo","year":"2012","unstructured":"Mahroo OA, Dybowski R, Wong R, Williamson TH (2012) Characteristics of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment in pseudophakic and phakic eyes. Eye (Lond) 26(8):1114\u20131121","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"issue":"3","key":"6821_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1097\/00006982-199515030-00006","volume":"15","author":"CP Wilkinson","year":"1995","unstructured":"Wilkinson CP (1995) Phakic retinal detachments in the elderly. Retina 15(3):220\u2013223. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00006982-199515030-00006","journal-title":"Retina"}],"container-title":["Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00417-025-06821-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00417-025-06821-w\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00417-025-06821-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,6]],"date-time":"2025-09-06T10:50:24Z","timestamp":1757155824000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00417-025-06821-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,11]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]}},"alternative-id":["6821"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00417-025-06821-w","relation":{},"ISSN":["0721-832X","1435-702X"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0721-832X"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1435-702X"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"14 January 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 March 2025","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"31 March 2025","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 April 2025","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were approved by the local ethics committee of the University of Tuebingen and we in accordance with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"Since only anonymised data was evaluated retrospectively, no informed consent was required according to feedback from the ethics committee.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Patient consent"}},{"value":"Focke Ziemssen has received research grants from DFG, Acylerin, Bayer, Clearside, Kodiak, Johnson&Johnson, Novartis, Ophtea, Regeneron, Roche, Sandoz and speaker honoraria from Allergan\/Abbvie, Bayer Healthcare, CME Health, Novartis, ODOS, Roche and Sanofi. Consultancy services were provided for Allergan\/Abbvie, Apellis, Alimera, Bayer Healthcare, Biogen, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Roche\/Genentech, Johnson&Johnson, NovoNordisk, MSD, Oxurion and Sandoz. All authors certify that they have no affiliations with or involvement in any organization or entity with any financial interest (such as honoraria; educational grants; participation in speakers\u2019 bureaus; membership, employment, consultancies, stock ownership, or other equity interest; and expert testimony or patent-licensing arrangements), or non-financial interest (such as personal or professional relationships, affiliations, knowledge or beliefs) in the subject matter or materials discussed in this manuscript.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}