{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T02:55:04Z","timestamp":1784775304042,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,31]],"date-time":"2025-07-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753920000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,31]],"date-time":"2025-07-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753920000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Klinikum der Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To report the efficacy and durability of switching treatment to faricimab in recalcitrant neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) at six months after completion of the loading phase (nine months after switching).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Recalcitrant nAMD was defined as persistent fluid despite monthly injections (q4w) or inability to extend treatment intervals beyond six weeks (q6w). The study included patients on a treat &amp; extend regimen for six months after three monthly injections. Primary outcomes were changes in central subfield thickness (CST), subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT), visual acuity, and injection interval.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Nine month-data was available for 56 eyes initially switched to faricimab. At nine months, 51 eyes (91.1%) of 49 patients were maintained on faricimab, while five eyes (8.9%) had been switched back to their older agent. At nine months after switching, median CST was significantly reduced as compared to baseline at switching (332,00 (Q1:295,00; Q3:394,00) to 303,00 (Q1:269,00; Q3:366,00) \u00b5m;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Median SFCT also decreased from 158,00 (Q1:116,00; Q3:219,00) \u00b5m to 127,00 (Q1:95,00; Q3:196,00) \u00b5m (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). The average injection interval was significantly extended from 37.0\u2009\u00b1\u20099.5 days prior to switching to 56.1\u2009\u00b1\u200930.4 days at nine months (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.002). Visual acuity was maintained (0.30 (Q1:0.10 Q3:0.50) vs. 0.30 (Q1:0.10 Q3:0.50) logMAR;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.07).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In recalcitrant nAMD, faricimab can improve CST and SFCT while maintaining visual acuity. Furthermore, greater durability could be achieved with faricimab at nine months as compared to ranibizumab or aflibercept. Further prospective randomized trials are warranted.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-025-06903-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,31]],"date-time":"2025-07-31T08:17:04Z","timestamp":1753949824000},"page":"3053-3063","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Efficacy of switching treatment to faricimab in recalcitrant neovascular age related macular degeneration \u2013 6 month results after completion of the loading phase"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"263","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5883-2529","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Franziska","family":"Eckardt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Hafner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Lorger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caspar","family":"Liesenhoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johannes","family":"Schiefelbein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tina Rieke","family":"Herold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nikolaus","family":"Luft","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julian Elias","family":"Klaas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benedikt","family":"Schworm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siegfried Georg","family":"Priglinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jakob","family":"Siedlecki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"6903_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wong WL, Su X, Li X, Cheung CMG, Klein R, Cheng CY et al (2014) Global prevalence of age-related macular degeneration and disease burden projection for 2020 and 2040: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Glob Heal [Internet]. [cited 2024 Sep 16];2(2). Available from: https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/25104651\/","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(13)70145-1"},{"key":"6903_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vingerling JR, Dielemans I, Hofman A, Grobbee DE, Hijmering M, Kramer CFL et al (1995) The prevalence of age-related maculopathy in the Rotterdam Study. Ophthalmology [Internet]. [cited 2024 Sep 16];102(2):205\u201310. Available from: https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/7862408\/","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(95)31034-2"},{"key":"6903_CR3","unstructured":"Klein R, Klein BEK, Cruickshanks KJ (1999) The prevalence of age-related maculopathy by geographic region and ethnicity. Prog Retin Eye Res [Internet]. [cited 2024 May 3]; 18(3):371\u201389. Available from: https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/10192518\/"},{"key":"6903_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Siedlecki J, Fischer C, Schworm B, Kreutzer TC, Luft N, Kortuem KU et al (2020) Impact of Sub-Retinal Fluid on the Long-Term Incidence of Macular Atrophy in Neovascular Age-related Macular Degeneration under Treat & Extend Anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Inhibitors. Sci Rep [Internet]. [cited 2023 Jun 25];10(1). Available from: \/pmc\/articles\/PMC7229002\/","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-64901-9"},{"key":"6903_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mettu PS, Allingham MJ, Cousins SW (2021) Incomplete response to Anti-VEGF therapy in neovascular AMD: Exploring disease mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities. Prog Retin Eye Res [Internet]. [cited 2023 Aug 14]; 82:100906. Available from: \/pmc\/articles\/PMC10368393\/","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2020.100906"},{"key":"6903_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schmidt-Erfurth U, Chong V, Loewenstein A, Larsen M, Souied E, Schlingemann R et al (2014) Guidelines for the management of neovascular age-related macular degeneration by the European Society of Retina Specialists (EURETINA). Br J Ophthalmol [Internet]. [cited 2023 Jul 9]; 98(9):1144\u201367. Available from: https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/25136079\/","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2014-305702"},{"key":"6903_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shirley M, Faricimab (2022) First Approval. Drugs [Internet]. [cited 2023 Jul 25]; 82(7):825\u201330. Available from: https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/35474059\/","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-022-01713-3"},{"key":"6903_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ricci F, Bandello F, Navarra P, Staurenghi G, Stumpp M, Zarbin M (2020) Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Therapeutic Management and New-Upcoming Approaches. Int J Mol Sci [Internet]. [cited 2024 Sep 16]; 21(21):1\u201340. Available from: https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/33153227\/","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21218242"},{"key":"6903_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Khanani AM, Russell MW, Aziz AA, Danzig CJ, Weng CY, Eichenbaum DA et al (2021) Angiopoietins as Potential Targets in Management of Retinal Disease. Clin Ophthalmol [Internet]. [cited 2023 Dec 3]; 15:3747. Available from: \/pmc\/articles\/PMC8427682\/","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S231801"},{"key":"6903_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Saharinen P, Eklund L, Alitalo K (2017) Therapeutic targeting of the angiopoietin-TIE pathway. Nat Rev Drug Discov [Internet]. [cited 2024 Sep 16]; 16(9):635\u201361. Available from: https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/28529319\/","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd.2016.278"},{"key":"6903_CR11","unstructured":"Heier JS, Khanani AM, Quezada Ruiz C, Basu K, Ferrone PJ, Brittain C et al (2022) Efficacy, durability, and safety of intravitreal faricimab up to every 16 weeks for neovascular age-related macular degeneration (TENAYA and LUCERNE): two randomised, double-masked, phase 3, non-inferiority trials. Lancet [Internet]. [cited 2023 Jun 7]; 399(10326):729\u201340. Available from: http:\/\/www.thelancet.com\/article\/S0140673622000101\/fulltext"},{"key":"6903_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Otero-Espinar FJ, Ferro Desideri L, Traverso CE, Nicol\u00f2 M, Munk MR (2023) Faricimab for the Treatment of Diabetic Macular Edema and Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration. [cited 2023 Jun 7]; Available from: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/pharmaceutics15051413","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics15051413"},{"key":"6903_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Khanani AM, Patel SS, Ferrone PJ, Osborne A, Sahni J, Grzeschik S et al (2020) Efficacy of Every Four Monthly and Quarterly Dosing of Faricimab vs Ranibizumab in Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration: The STAIRWAY Phase 2 Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Ophthalmol [Internet]. [cited 2023 Jul 25]; 138(9):964\u201372. Available from: https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/32729897\/","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2020.2699"},{"key":"6903_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sahni J, Dugel PU, Patel SS, Chittum ME, Berger B, Del Valle Rubido M et al (2020) Safety and Efficacy of Different Doses and Regimens of Faricimab vs Ranibizumab in Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration: The AVENUE Phase 2 Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Ophthalmol [Internet]. [cited 2023 Jul 25];138(9):955\u201363. Available from: https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/32729888\/","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2020.2685"},{"key":"6903_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ozdemir S, Finkelstein E, Lee JJ, Too IHK, Teo KYC, Tan ACS et al (2022) Understanding patient preferences in anti-VEGF treatment options for age-related macular degeneration. PLoS One [Internet]. [cited 2023 Jul 25];17(8):e0272301. Available from: https:\/\/journals.plos.org\/plosone\/article?id=10.1371\/journal.pone.0272301","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0272301"},{"key":"6903_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Joussen AM, Ricci F, Paris LP, Korn C, Quezada-Ruiz C, Zarbin M (2021) Angiopoietin\/Tie2 signalling and its role in retinal and choroidal vascular diseases: a review of preclinical data. Eye (Lond) [Internet]. [cited 2023 Jul 31]; 35(5):1305\u201316. Available from: https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/33564135\/","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-020-01377-x"},{"key":"6903_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maruko I, Ogasawara M, Yamamoto A, Itagaki K, Hasegawa T, Arakawa H et al (2020) Two-Year Outcomes of Treat-and-Extend Intravitreal Aflibercept for Exudative Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Prospective Study. Ophthalmol Retin [Internet]. [cited 2023 Nov 29]; 4(8):767\u201376. Available from: https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/32417356\/","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oret.2020.03.010"},{"key":"6903_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Arnold JJ, Campain A, Barthelmes D, Simpson JM, Guymer RH, Hunyor AP et al (2015) Two-year outcomes of treat and extend intravitreal therapy for neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Ophthalmology [Internet]. [cited 2024 May 3]; 122(6):1212\u20139. Available from: https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/25846847\/","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2015.02.009"},{"key":"6903_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Leung EH, Oh DJ, Alderson SE, Bracy J, McLeod M, Perez LI et al (2023) Initial Real-World Experience with Faricimab in Treatment-Resistant Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Clin Ophthalmol [Internet]. [cited 2023 Jun 7]; 17:1287\u201393. Available from: https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/37181079\/","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S409822"},{"key":"6903_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stanga PE, Valent\u00edn-Bravo FJ, Stanga SEF, Reinstein UI, Pastor-Idoate S, Downes SM Faricimab in neovascular AMD: first report of real-world outcomes in an independent retina clinic. Eye (Lond) [Internet]. 2023 [cited 2023 Jul 25]; Available from: https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/36959312\/","DOI":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-2468386\/v1"},{"key":"6903_CR21","unstructured":"Matsumoto H, Hoshino J, Nakamura K, Nagashima T, Akiyama H (2023) Short-term outcomes of intravitreal faricimab for treatment-na\u00efve neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Graefe\u2019s Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol [Internet]. [cited 2023 Jul 9]; 1\u20138. Available from: https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00417-023-06116-y"},{"key":"6903_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kataoka K, Itagaki K, Hashiya N, Wakugawa S, Tanaka K, Nakayama M et al (2024) Six-month outcomes of switching from aflibercept to faricimab in refractory cases of neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol [Internet]. [cited 2024 Mar 11]; 262(1):43\u201351. Available from: https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/37668741\/","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-023-06222-x"},{"key":"6903_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mukai R, Kataoka K, Tanaka K, Miyara Y, Maruko I, Nakayama M et al (2023) Three-month outcomes of faricimab loading therapy for wet age-related macular degeneration in Japan. Sci Rep [Internet]. [cited 2023 Jul 31]; 13(1). Available from: \/pmc\/articles\/PMC10229564\/","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-35759-4"},{"key":"6903_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cheng AM, Joshi S, Banoub RG, Saddemi J, Chalam KV Faricimab (2023) Effectively Resolves Intraretinal Fluid and Preserves Vision in Refractory, Recalcitrant, and Nonresponsive Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Cureus [Internet]. [cited 2024 Sep 16]; 15(6). Available from: \/pmc\/articles\/PMC10328548\/","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.40100"},{"key":"6903_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rush RB, Rush SW (2022) Intravitreal Faricimab for Aflibercept-Resistant Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Clin Ophthalmol [Internet] [cited 2024 May 3]; 16:4041\u20136. Available from: https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/36532820\/","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S395279"},{"key":"6903_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kishi M, Miki A, Kamimura A, Okuda M, Matsumiya W, Imai H et al (2023) Short-Term Outcomes of Faricimab Treatment in Aflibercept-Refractory Eyes with Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration. J Clin Med [Internet]. [cited 2023 Aug 16]; 12(15):5145. Available from: https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/37568546\/","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12155145"},{"key":"6903_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Khanani AM, Aziz AA, Khan H, Gupta A, Mojumder O, Saulebayeva A et al (2023) The real-world efficacy and safety of faricimab in neovascular age-related macular degeneration: the TRUCKEE study\u2013\u20096 month results. Eye (Lond) [Internet] [cited 2024 May 3]; 37(17):3574\u201381. Available from: https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/37173428\/","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-023-02553-5"},{"key":"6903_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Matsumoto H, Hoshino J, Nakamura K, Akiyama H (2024) One-year results of treat-and-extend regimen with intravitreal faricimab for treatment-na\u00efve neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Jpn J Ophthalmol [Internet]. [cited 2024 May 6]; 68(2):83\u201390. Available from: https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38244172\/","DOI":"10.1007\/s10384-023-01040-4"},{"key":"6903_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rush RB (2023) One-Year Outcomes of Faricimab Treatment for Aflibercept-Resistant Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Clin Ophthalmol [Internet]. [cited 2023 Aug 16]; 17:2201\u20138. Available from: https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/37547172\/","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S424315"},{"key":"6903_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Amoaku WM, Chakravarthy U, Gale R, Gavin M, Ghanchi F, Gibson J et al (2015) Defining response to anti-VEGF therapies in neovascular AMD. Eye [Internet]. [cited 2023 Jul 25]; 29(6):721. Available from: \/pmc\/articles\/PMC4469673\/","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2015.48"},{"key":"6903_CR31","unstructured":"Otani A, Takagi H, Oh H, Koyama S, Matsumura M, Honda Y (1999) Expressions of angiopoietins and Tie2 in human choroidal neovascular membranes. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci [Internet] [cited 2023 Jul 31];40(9):1912\u201320. Available from: https:\/\/europepmc.org\/article\/med\/10440243"},{"key":"6903_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Saint-Geniez M, Maldonado AE, D\u2019Amore PA (2006) VEGF expression and receptor activation in the choroid during development and in the adult. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci [Internet] [cited 2023 Jul 31]; 47(7):3135\u201342. Available from: https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/16799060\/","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.05-1229"},{"key":"6903_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Eckardt F, Lorger A, Hafner M, Klaas JE, Schworm B, Kreutzer TC et al (2024) Retinal and choroidal efficacy of switching treatment to faricimab in recalcitrant neovascular age related macular degeneration. Sci Rep [Internet] [cited 2024 May 26];14(1). Available from: https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38671028\/","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-59632-0"},{"key":"6903_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Minnella AM, Centini C, Gambini G, Savastano MC, Pagliei V, Falsini B et al (2022) Choroidal Thickness Changes After Intravitreal Aflibercept Injections in Treatment-Na\u00efve Neovascular AMD. Adv Ther [Internet] [cited 2023 Aug 14]; 39(7):3248. Available from: \/pmc\/articles\/PMC9239952","DOI":"10.1007\/s12325-022-02129-x"},{"key":"6903_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim H, Lee SC, Kwon KY, Lee JH, Koh HJ, Byeon SH et al (2016) Subfoveal choroidal thickness as a predictor of treatment response to anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy for polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol [Internet] [cited 2023 Dec 6] 254(8):1497\u2013503. Available from: https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/26626772\/","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-015-3221-x"},{"key":"6903_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.3928\/23258160-20180221-03","volume":"49","author":"M Ashraf","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ashraf M, Banaee T, Silva FQ et al (2018) Switching Anti-Vascular endothelial growth factors in refractory neovascular Age-Related macular degeneration. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina 49:166\u2013170. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3928\/23258160-20180221-03","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina"},{"key":"6903_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1016\/J.AJO.2023.03.033","volume":"252","author":"F Romano","year":"2023","unstructured":"Romano F, Cozzi E, Airaldi M et al (2023) Ten-Year incidence of fibrosis and risk factors for its development in neovascular Age-Related macular degeneration. Am J Ophthalmol 252:170\u2013181. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.AJO.2023.03.033","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"}],"container-title":["Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00417-025-06903-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00417-025-06903-9\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00417-025-06903-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,4]],"date-time":"2025-12-04T03:50:45Z","timestamp":1764820245000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00417-025-06903-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,31]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]}},"alternative-id":["6903"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00417-025-06903-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["0721-832X","1435-702X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0721-832X","type":"print"},{"value":"1435-702X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,31]]},"assertion":[{"value":"14 February 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 June 2025","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 June 2025","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"31 July 2025","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"No author reports any financial interest related to this study.However, Franziska Eckardt received previous speaker fees from Novartis Pharma GmbH. Jakob Siedlecki received previous speaker fees and travel expenses from Novartis Pharma GmbH, Carl Zeiss Meditec AG, Roche AG, Apellis Pharmaceuticals, Allergan GmbH, Abbvie and Heidelberg Engineering GmbH. Jakob Siedlecki received personal consutation fees from Roche AG, Bayer AG, Novartis Pharma GmbH, Allergan GmbH, Abbvie and Apellis Pharmaceuticals. Julian Klaas received previous speaker fees and travel expenses from Norvartis GmbH. Benedikt Schworm received previous speaker fees and travel expenses from Norvatis Pharma GmbH and Topcon Corporation. Johannes Schiefelbein received financial support from Novartis Pharma GmbH. Tina Herold received previous speaker fees from Novartis Pharma GmbH, Bayer Vital GmbH, Abbvie Deutschland GmbH, Roche GmbH. Nikolaus Luft received previous speaker fees Carl Zeiss Meditec AG, Alcon Laboratories Inc., NIDEK Co. Ltd and CenterVue SpA. Siegfried Priglinger received previous speaker fees and travel expenses from Norvartis Pharma GmbH, Oertli AG, Bayer AG, Alcon Pharm GmbH and Allergan GmbH. Anna Lorger Caspar Liesenhoff and Michael Hafner declare no financial disclosures.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"Ethics committee of the Medical Faculty of LMU Munich approval; study number 24-0638. Informed consent for intravitreal injection was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}}]}}