{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T20:25:18Z","timestamp":1792268718545,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,16]],"date-time":"2025-07-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752624000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,16]],"date-time":"2025-07-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752624000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Universit\u00e4tsklinikum D\u00fcsseldorf. Anstalt \u00f6ffentlichen Rechts"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Climate change, largely driven by greenhouse gas emissions, is a global threat. The healthcare sector contributes significantly \u2212\u20094.4% of global and 5.2% of Germany\u2019s CO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u00a0emissions. Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) is a common ophthalmic emergency requiring surgical intervention to prevent blindness. Fluorinated gases (FG) such as SF\n                      <jats:sub>6<\/jats:sub>\n                      , C\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      F\n                      <jats:sub>6<\/jats:sub>\n                      , and C\n                      <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                      F\n                      <jats:sub>8<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u00a0are routinely used in pars plana vitrectomy (ppV) due to their expansive properties, but they have a strong greenhouse effect. With an European Union-wide ban under consideration, this study assesses the associated emissions from ppV for RRD in Germany.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We analyzed DRG-coded ppV data for RRD (2013\u20132023) from the German Federal Statistical Office. A national survey of vitreoretinal surgeons provided information on endotamponade preferences. CO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      -equivalent emissions (CO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      EM) were calculated using GWP100 values from the IPCC report.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Between 2013 and 2023, 354,505 ppV for RDD were performed in Germany. Gas tamponade was used in 55.3% of cases, silicone oil in 27.7%, and air in 16.9%. FG resulted in 201.34 tons of CO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      EM. SF\n                      <jats:sub>6<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u00a0contributed 170.10 tons (84.5%), C\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      F\n                      <jats:sub>6<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u00a026.84 tons (13.3%), and C\n                      <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                      F\n                      <jats:sub>8<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u00a04.40 tons (2.2%). This represents 18.3 tons of CO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      EM annually, corresponding to 0.000003% of Germany\u2019s total CO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      EM and 0.00003% of healthcare sector emissions.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This first comprehensive analysis of FG consumption and CO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      EM in ppV for RRD in Germany shows that FG contribute a negligible portion to Germany\u2019s and healthcare-related CO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      EM. Gas tamponade remains crucial for the treatment of RDD and should therefore not be banned until proven alternatives exist. Further studies are needed to explore alternatives.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-025-06905-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,16]],"date-time":"2025-07-16T12:21:05Z","timestamp":1752668465000},"page":"2763-2770","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Carbon footprint of Pars plana vitrectomies in rhegmatogenous retinal detachment in Germany between 2013 and 2023 - A cohort study of fluorinated gas emissions"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"263","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2063-5743","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Piotr","family":"Strzalkowski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alicja","family":"Strzalkowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mathias","family":"Roth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sema","family":"Kaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerd","family":"Geerling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rainer","family":"Guthoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"6905_CR1","first-page":"8","volume":"70","author":"WJ Ripple","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ripple WJ, Wolf C, Newsome TM et al (2019) World scientists\u2019 warning of a climate emergency. Bioscience 70:8\u2013100","journal-title":"Bioscience"},{"key":"6905_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2108146119","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2108146119","volume":"119","author":"L Kemp","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kemp L, Xu C, Depledge J et al (2022) Climate endgame: exploring catastrophic climate change scenarios. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 119:e2108146119","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"6905_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1636","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.01.052","volume":"184","author":"Y Liu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Liu Y, Cruz-Morales P, Zargar A et al (2021) Biofuels for a sustainable future. Cell 184:1636\u20131647","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"6905_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1038\/s43017-024-00532-2","volume":"5","author":"Z Liu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Liu Z, Deng Z, Davis SJ, Ciais P (2024) Global carbon emissions in 2023. Nat Rev Earth Environ 5:253\u2013254","journal-title":"Nat Rev Earth Environ"},{"key":"6905_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5301","DOI":"10.5194\/essd-15-5301-2023","volume":"15","author":"P Friedlingstein","year":"2023","unstructured":"Friedlingstein P, O\u2019Sullivan M, Jones MW et al (2023) Global carbon budget 2023. Earth Syst Sci Data 15:5301\u20135369","journal-title":"Earth Syst Sci Data"},{"key":"6905_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1158","DOI":"10.1038\/nature08017","volume":"458","author":"M Meinshausen","year":"2009","unstructured":"Meinshausen M, Meinshausen N, Hare W et al (2009) Greenhouse-gas emission targets for limiting global warming to 2 degrees C. Nature 458:1158\u20131162","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"6905_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12167","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph191912167","volume":"19","author":"L Weimann","year":"2022","unstructured":"Weimann L, Weimann E (2022) On the road to net zero health care systems: governance for sustainable health care in the united Kingdom and Germany. Int J Environ Res Public Health 19:12167","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"6905_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1078","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-023-02351-2","volume":"29","author":"A Bhopal","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bhopal A, Norheim OF (2023) Fair pathways to net-zero healthcare. Nat Med 29:1078\u20131084","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"6905_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Karliner J, Slotterback S, Boyd R, Ashby B, Steele K (2019) Health care\u2019s climate footprint: how the health sector contributes to the global climate crisis and opportunities for action. Health Care Without Harm","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/ckaa165.843"},{"key":"6905_CR10","unstructured":"Bundesgesundheitsministerium (2022) Evidenzbasis Treibhausgasemissionen des deutschen Gesundheitswesens GermanHealthCFP. Germany"},{"key":"6905_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1007\/s40572-024-00434-x","volume":"11","author":"E Hough","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hough E, Cohen Tanugi-Carresse A (2024) Supporting decarbonization of health systems-A review of international policy and practice on health care and climate change. Curr Environ Health Rep 11:266\u2013278","journal-title":"Curr Environ Health Rep"},{"key":"6905_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Vinoth P, Obeidat A, Al-Kindi S et al (2022) Toward a net-zero health care system: actions to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Catalyst non-issue Content 3. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/CAT.22.0307","DOI":"10.1056\/CAT.22.0307"},{"key":"6905_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e066699","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj-2021-066699","volume":"379","author":"R Stancliffe","year":"2022","unstructured":"Stancliffe R, Bansal A, Sowman G, Mortimer F (2022) Towards net zero healthcare. BMJ 379:e066699","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"6905_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e081284","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj-2024-081284","volume":"387","author":"J Braithwaite","year":"2024","unstructured":"Braithwaite J, Smith CL, Leask E et al (2024) Strategies and tactics to reduce the impact of healthcare on climate change: systematic review. BMJ 387:e081284","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"6905_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2346","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp0804591","volume":"359","author":"DJ D\u2019Amico","year":"2008","unstructured":"D\u2019Amico DJ (2008) Clinical practice. Primary retinal detachment. N Engl J Med 359:2346\u20132354","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"6905_CR16","first-page":"2431","volume":"262","author":"AS Alfaar","year":"2024","unstructured":"Alfaar AS, Wiedemann P, Rehak M, Wolf A (2024) The rising tide of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment in germany: a nationwide analysis of the incidence, from 2005 to 2021. Arbeitsphysiologie 262:2431\u20132438","journal-title":"Arbeitsphysiologie"},{"key":"6905_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1159\/000513080","volume":"244","author":"E Gerstenberger","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gerstenberger E, Stoffelns B, Nickels S et al (2021) Incidence of retinal detachment in germany: results from the Gutenberg health study. Ophthalmologica 244:133\u2013140","journal-title":"Ophthalmologica"},{"key":"6905_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2012.09.001","volume":"120","author":"MAJ Van de Put","year":"2013","unstructured":"Van de Put MAJ, Hooymans JMM, Los LI, Dutch Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment Study Group (2013) The incidence of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment in the Netherlands. Ophthalmology 120:616\u2013622","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"6905_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2013.07.015","volume":"121","author":"TL Jackson","year":"2014","unstructured":"Jackson TL, Donachie PHJ, Sallam A et al (2014) United Kingdom National ophthalmology database study of vitreoretinal surgery: report 3, retinal detachment. Ophthalmology 121:643\u2013648","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"6905_CR20","first-page":"OP85","volume":"77","author":"EW Norton","year":"1973","unstructured":"Norton EW (1973) Intraocular gas in the management of selected retinal detachments. Trans Am Acad Ophthalmol Otolaryngol 77:OP85\u201398","journal-title":"Trans Am Acad Ophthalmol Otolaryngol"},{"key":"6905_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gupta A (2016) Climate change and Kyoto protocol. In: Ramiah V, Gregoriou GN (eds) Handbook of environmental and sustainable finance, Elsevier, pp 3\u201323","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-803615-0.00001-7"},{"key":"6905_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1017\/9781009157896","volume-title":"Climate change 2021\u2013 the physical science basis: working group I contribution to the sixth assessment report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change","author":"Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)","year":"2023","unstructured":"Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) (2023) Climate change 2021\u2013 the physical science basis: working group I contribution to the sixth assessment report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England"},{"key":"6905_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2021.09.020","volume":"235","author":"G Moussa","year":"2022","unstructured":"Moussa G, Ch\u2019ng SW, Park DY et al (2022) Environmental effect of fluorinated gases in vitreoretinal surgery: A multicenter study of 4,877 patients. Am J Ophthalmol 235:271\u2013279","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"6905_CR24","unstructured":"Deutscher \u00c4rzteverlag GmbH (2021) Deutscher \u00c4rztetag: Gesundheitswesen soll bis 2030 klimaneutral sein. In: Deutsches \u00c4rzteblatt. https:\/\/www.aerzteblatt.de\/nachrichten\/128716\/Deutscher-Aerztetag-Gesundheitswesen-soll-bis-2030-klimaneutral-sein. Accessed 12 Apr 2025"},{"key":"6905_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138352","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2022.138352","volume":"450","author":"M Gar Alalm","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gar Alalm M, Boffito DC (2022) Mechanisms and pathways of PFAS degradation by advanced oxidation and reduction processes: A critical review. Chem Eng J 450:138352","journal-title":"Chem Eng J"},{"key":"6905_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12550","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph182312550","volume":"18","author":"G Jha","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jha G, Kankarla V, McLennon E et al (2021) Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in integrated crop-livestock systems: environmental exposure and human health risks. Int J Environ Res Public Health 18:12550","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"6905_CR27","first-page":"3590","volume":"12","author":"Z Abunada","year":"2020","unstructured":"Abunada Z, Alazaiza MYD, Bashir MJK (2020) An overview of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in the environment: source, fate, risk and regulations. Water (Basel) 12:3590","journal-title":"Water (Basel)"},{"key":"6905_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1100","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.0901827","volume":"118","author":"K Steenland","year":"2010","unstructured":"Steenland K, Fletcher T, Savitz DA (2010) Epidemiologic evidence on the health effects of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA). Environ Health Perspect 118:1100\u20131108","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"6905_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169332","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.169332","volume":"913","author":"M Antonopoulou","year":"2024","unstructured":"Antonopoulou M, Spyrou A, Tzamaria A et al (2024) Current state of knowledge of environmental occurrence, toxic effects, and advanced treatment of PFOS and PFOA. Sci Total Environ 913:169332","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"6905_CR30","first-page":"2449","volume":"254","author":"S Gupta","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gupta S, Chaurasia AK, Chawla R et al (2016) Long-term outcomes of glaucoma drainage devices for glaucoma post-vitreoretinal surgery with silicone oil insertion: a prospective evaluation. Arbeitsphysiologie 254:2449\u20132454","journal-title":"Arbeitsphysiologie"},{"key":"6905_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1177\/1120672117753700","volume":"28","author":"P Kanclerz","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kanclerz P, Grzybowski A, Schwartz SG, Lipowski P (2018) Complications of cataract surgery in eyes filled with silicone oil. Eur J Ophthalmol 28:465\u2013468","journal-title":"Eur J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"6905_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713599","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2021.713599","volume":"8","author":"K He","year":"2021","unstructured":"He K, Liao M, Zhu Y et al (2021) Risk factors for band keratopathy in Aphakic eyes with silicone oil tamponade for open-globe injuries: A multicenter case-control study. Front Med (Lausanne) 8:713599","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)"},{"key":"6905_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.3390\/ma15010269","volume":"15","author":"Y Chen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chen Y, Lam Ip Y, Zhou L et al (2021) What is the cause of toxicity of silicone oil? Mater (Basel) 15:269","journal-title":"Mater (Basel)"},{"key":"6905_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000000711","volume":"36","author":"LM Scheerlinck","year":"2016","unstructured":"Scheerlinck LM, Schellekens PA, Liem AT et al (2016) Incidence, risk factors, and clinical characteristics of unexplained visual loss after intraocular silicone oil for macula-on retinal detachment. Retina 36:342\u2013350","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"6905_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-023-02823-6","volume":"23","author":"T Barth","year":"2023","unstructured":"Barth T, Helbig H, Maerker D et al (2023) Unexplained visual loss after primary pars-plana-vitrectomy with silicone oil tamponade in fovea-sparing retinal detachment. BMC Ophthalmol 23:75","journal-title":"BMC Ophthalmol"},{"key":"6905_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1159\/000485851","volume":"239","author":"S Karimi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Karimi S, Entezari M, Nikkhah H et al (2018) Effects of intravitreal silicone oil on subfoveal choroidal thickness. Ophthalmologica 239:159\u2013166","journal-title":"Ophthalmologica"},{"key":"6905_CR37","first-page":"1557","volume":"40","author":"M Abdalkader","year":"2019","unstructured":"Abdalkader M, Takumi K, Chapman MN et al (2019) Subretinal and retrolaminar migration of intraocular silicone oil detected on CT. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 40:1557\u20131561","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"6905_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0265162","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0265162","volume":"18","author":"W Park","year":"2023","unstructured":"Park W, Kim M, Kim RY et al (2023) Long-term visual prognosis and characteristics of recurrent retinal detachment after silicone oil removal. PLoS ONE 18:e0265162","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"6905_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0420.2000.078002182.x","volume":"78","author":"C Scholda","year":"2000","unstructured":"Scholda C, Egger S, Lakits A et al (2000) Retinal detachment after silicone oil removal. Acta Ophthalmol Scand 78:182\u2013186","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol Scand"},{"key":"6905_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2012-302140","volume":"97","author":"HS Tan","year":"2013","unstructured":"Tan HS, Oberstein SYL, Mura M, Bijl HM (2013) Air versus gas tamponade in retinal detachment surgery. Br J Ophthalmol 97:80\u201382","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"6905_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Strzalkowski P, Strzalkowska A, Stahl A et al (2025) Aktuelle trends Bei der behandlung rhegmatogener Netzhautabl\u00f6sungen und perioperative lagerungsstrategien in deutschland: ergebnisse einer retina.net-Umfrage. Ophthalmologie 122:383\u2013392","DOI":"10.1007\/s00347-025-02216-8"},{"key":"6905_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-147-8-200710160-00010","volume":"147","author":"E von Elm","year":"2007","unstructured":"von Elm E, Altman DG, Egger M et al (2007) The strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology (STROBE) statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies. Ann Intern Med 147:573\u2013577","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"6905_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2022.01.023","volume":"238","author":"G Moussa","year":"2022","unstructured":"Moussa G, Ch\u2019ng SW, Jalil A et al (2022) A novel calculator to calculate the carbon footprint from fluorinated gases used in vitreoretinal surgery. Am J Ophthalmol 238:199\u2013201","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"6905_CR44","unstructured":"Us Epa O (2015) Greenhouse Gas Equivalencies Calculator"},{"key":"6905_CR45","unstructured":"Umweltbundesamt (ed) (2013) https:\/\/www.umweltbundesamt.de\/bild\/durchschnittlicher-kraftstoffverbrauch-von-pkw. Accessed 12 Apr 2025"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"6905_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S65","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000002015","volume":"38","author":"JE Neffendorf","year":"2018","unstructured":"Neffendorf JE, Gupta B, Williamson TH (2018) THE ROLE OF INTRAOCULAR GAS TAMPONADE IN RHEGMATOGENOUS RETINAL DETACHMENT: A synthesis of the literature. Retina 38(Suppl 1):S65\u2013S72","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"6905_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-68769-4","volume-title":"Vitreoretinal surgery","author":"TH Williamson","year":"2021","unstructured":"Williamson TH (2021) Vitreoretinal surgery. Springer Nature, Cham, Switzerland"},{"key":"6905_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e84","DOI":"10.1016\/S2542-5196(20)30271-0","volume":"5","author":"I Tennison","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tennison I, Roschnik S, Ashby B et al (2021) Health care\u2019s response to climate change: a carbon footprint assessment of the NHS in England. Lancet Planet Health 5:e84\u2013e92","journal-title":"Lancet Planet Health"},{"key":"6905_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chadwick O, Cox A (2021) Response to Tetsumoto regarding the use of fluorinated gases in retinal detachment surgery. The environmental impact of fluorinated gases. Eye 35:2891","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-020-01197-z"},{"key":"6905_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1527","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-023-02388-0","volume":"37","author":"D Yorston","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yorston D, Donachie PHJ, Laidlaw DA et al (2023) Stratifying the risk of re-detachment: variables associated with outcome of vitrectomy for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment in a large UK cohort study. EYE 37:1527\u20131537","journal-title":"EYE"},{"key":"6905_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000004051","volume":"44","author":"G Moussa","year":"2024","unstructured":"Moussa G, Jalil A, Lippera M et al (2024) SF 6 COMPARED WITH C 2 F 6 FOR INFERIOR RHEGMATOGENOUS RETINAL REPAIR: the Manchester pseudophakic retinal detachment study. Retina 44:791\u2013798","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"6905_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.14604","volume":"99","author":"Y Chen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chen Y, Kearns VR, Zhou L et al (2021) Silicone oil in vitreoretinal surgery: indications, complications, new developments and alternative long-term tamponade agents. Acta Ophthalmol 99:240\u2013250","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol"},{"key":"6905_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.3109\/08820538.2014.962181","volume":"29","author":"JB Miller","year":"2014","unstructured":"Miller JB, Papakostas TD, Vavvas DG (2014) Complications of emulsified silicone oil after retinal detachment repair. Semin Ophthalmol 29:312\u2013318","journal-title":"Semin Ophthalmol"}],"container-title":["Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00417-025-06905-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00417-025-06905-7\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00417-025-06905-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]],"date-time":"2025-11-03T09:01:35Z","timestamp":1762160495000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00417-025-06905-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,16]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]}},"alternative-id":["6905"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00417-025-06905-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["0721-832X","1435-702X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0721-832X","type":"print"},{"value":"1435-702X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"5 May 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 June 2025","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 June 2025","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 July 2025","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All authors certify that they have no affiliations with or involvement in any organization or entity with any financial interest (such as honoraria; educational grants; participation in speakers\u2019 bureaus; membership, employment, consultancies, stock ownership, or other equity interest; and expert testimony or patent-licensing arrangements), or non-financial interest (such as personal or professional relationships, affiliations, knowledge or beliefs) in the subject matter or materials discussed in this manuscript.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing Interests"}},{"value":"The publicly available data was first anonymized by the German Federal Statistical Office to ensure the absolute confidentiality of patient identities. Furthermore, data sets were systematically censored to ensure that the information was fully anonymized and de-identified. Consequently, the study was classified as \u2018non-human research\u2019 since the researchers could not identify individuals from the provided fully anonymized information, thereby eliminating the need for Institutional Review Board (IRB) approval. This study was performed in accordance with the ethical standards set forth in the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}}]}}