{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,14]],"date-time":"2026-02-14T05:13:06Z","timestamp":1771045986144,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761782400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761782400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"name":"J Arch McNamara Memorial Fund, Wills Eye Foundation"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-025-06985-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T09:37:34Z","timestamp":1761817054000},"page":"261-267","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Geographic and socioeconomic disparities to retinopathy of prematurity treatment"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"264","author":[{"given":"Rebecca R.","family":"Soares","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Louis","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Annika","family":"Samuelson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Theodore","family":"Bowe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Charles","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Flavius A.","family":"Beca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Hinkle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Samir N.","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Musch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rebecca J.","family":"Vartanian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James F.","family":"Vander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Allen C.","family":"Ho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marc","family":"Spirn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael A.","family":"Klufas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cagri G.","family":"Besirli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yoshihiro","family":"Yonekawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"6985_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2012.09.004","volume":"16","author":"L Kong","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kong L, Fry M, Al-Samarraie M et al (2012) An update on progress and the changing epidemiology of causes of childhood blindness worldwide. J AAPOS 16:501\u2013507","journal-title":"J AAPOS"},{"issue":"1","key":"6985_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e20161978","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2016-1978","volume":"139","author":"RJ Vartanian","year":"2017","unstructured":"Vartanian RJ, Besirli CG, Barks JD (2017) Trends in the screening and treatment of retinopathy of prematurity. Pediatrics 139(1):e20161978. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/peds.2016-1978","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"6985_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2009.04.018","volume":"148","author":"EM Lad","year":"2009","unstructured":"Lad EM, Hernandez-Boussard T, Morton JM, Moshfeghi DM (2009) Incidence of retinopathy of prematurity in the United States: 1997 through 2005. Am J Ophthalmol 148:451\u2013458","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"6985_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.3928\/23258160-20170630-06","volume":"48","author":"CA Ludwig","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ludwig CA, Chen TA, Hernandez-Boussard T (2017) The epidemiology of retinopathy of prematurity in the United States. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina 48:553\u2013562","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina"},{"key":"6985_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2016.12.025","volume":"124","author":"DK VanderVeen","year":"2017","unstructured":"VanderVeen DK, Melia M, Yang MB et al (2017) Anti-Vascular endothelial growth factor therapy for primary treatment of type 1 retinopathy of prematurity: A report by the American academy of ophthalmology. Ophthalmology 124:619\u2013633","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"6985_CR6","first-page":"233","volume":"102","author":"WV Good","year":"2004","unstructured":"Good WV, Early Treatment for Retinopathy of Prematurity Cooperative Group (2004) Final results of the early treatment for retinopathy of prematurity (ETROP) randomized trial. Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc 102:233\u2013248 discussion 248\u2013250","journal-title":"Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc"},{"key":"6985_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2018-3061","author":"WM Fierson","year":"2018","unstructured":"Fierson WM, Ophthalmology AAOPS on, Ophthalmology AAO et al (2018) Screening examination of premature infants for retinopathy of prematurity. Pediatrics. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/peds.2018-3061","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"6985_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2008.02.012","volume":"12","author":"AR Kemper","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kemper AR, Freedman SF, Wallace DK (2008) Retinopathy of prematurity care: patterns of care and workforce analysis. J Am Assoc Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 12:344\u2013348","journal-title":"J Am Assoc Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus"},{"key":"6985_CR9","unstructured":"Anon NICUSearch. AAP.org. Available at: http:\/\/www.aap.org\/en-us\/advocacy-and-policy\/aap-health-initiatives\/nicuverification\/Pages\/NICUSearch.aspx [Accessed April 20, 2021]"},{"key":"6985_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2012-1999","volume":"130","author":"American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Fetus And Newborn","year":"2012","unstructured":"American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Fetus And Newborn (2012) Levels of neonatal care. Pediatrics 130:587\u2013597","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"6985_CR11","unstructured":"Bureau UC Glossary. The United States Census Bureau. Available at: https:\/\/www.census.gov\/programs-surveys\/geography\/about\/glossary.html [Accessed October 19, 2020]"},{"key":"6985_CR12","unstructured":"Bureau UC Available APIs. The United States Census Bureau. Available at: https:\/\/www.census.gov\/data\/developers\/data-sets.html [Accessed August 4, 2020]"},{"key":"6985_CR13","unstructured":"Anon, USDA ERS - Rural-Urban Commuting Area Codes. Available at: https:\/\/www.ers.usda.gov\/data-products\/rural-urban-commuting-area-codes.aspx [Accessed August 4, 2020]"},{"key":"6985_CR14","unstructured":"Anon, United States Department of Health and Human Services (US DHHS), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) (2021), Division of Vital Statistics, Natality public-use data 2016\u20132019, on CDC WONDER Online Database, October 2020. Accessed at http:\/\/wonder.cdc.gov\/natality-expanded-current.html on Jan 10, 12:29:37 PM"},{"key":"6985_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2007-0378","volume":"120","author":"AR Kemper","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kemper AR, Wallace DK (2007) Neonatologists\u2019 practices and experiences in arranging retinopathy of prematurity screening services. Pediatrics 120:527\u2013531","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"6985_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2020.05.018","volume":"218","author":"PW Feng","year":"2020","unstructured":"Feng PW, Ahluwalia A, Feng H, Adelman RA (2020) National trends in the united States eye care workforce from 1995 to 2017. Am J Ophthalmol 218:128\u2013135","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"6985_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1230","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2016.3190","volume":"134","author":"SB Engelhard","year":"2016","unstructured":"Engelhard SB, Collins M, Shah C (2016) Malpractice litigation in pediatric ophthalmology. JAMA Ophthalmol 134:1230\u20131235","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol"},{"key":"6985_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.3928\/23258160-20200501-04","volume":"51","author":"SB Engelhard","year":"2020","unstructured":"Engelhard SB, Justin GA, Zimmer-Galler IE (2020) Malpractice litigation in vitreoretinal surgery and medical retina. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina 51:272\u2013278","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina"},{"key":"6985_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(91)32350-9","volume":"98","author":"JB Charles","year":"1991","unstructured":"Charles JB, Ganthier R, Appiah AP (1991) Incidence and characteristics of retinopathy of prematurity in a low-income inner-city population. Ophthalmology 98:14\u201317","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"6985_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1067\/mpa.2000.106203","volume":"4","author":"AD Aprahamian","year":"2000","unstructured":"Aprahamian AD, Coats DK, Paysse EA, Brady-Mccreery K (2000) Compliance with outpatient follow-up recommendations for infants at risk for retinopathy of prematurity. J AAPOS 4:282\u2013286","journal-title":"J AAPOS"},{"key":"6985_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2018.03.039","volume":"191","author":"M Eneriz-Wiemer","year":"2018","unstructured":"Eneriz-Wiemer M, Liu S-D, Chu MCY et al (2018) Parents\u2019 knowledge and education of retinopathy of prematurity in four California neonatal intensive care units. Am J Ophthalmol 191:7\u201313","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"}],"container-title":["Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00417-025-06985-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00417-025-06985-5","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00417-025-06985-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,14]],"date-time":"2026-02-14T04:43:58Z","timestamp":1771044238000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00417-025-06985-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}},"alternative-id":["6985"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00417-025-06985-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["0721-832X","1435-702X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0721-832X","type":"print"},{"value":"1435-702X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"7 June 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 August 2025","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 September 2025","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 October 2025","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors. The institutional review board at Wills Eye Hospital designated the current study as exempt, as it involves nonhuman subject data. The research adhered to the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"Yoshihiro Yonekawa - although the co-author is an Associate Editor of the journal, there was no involvement with the peer review process for this article.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Editorial board members and editors"}},{"value":"M.A. Klufas is a consultant for Allergan, Regeneron, and RegenxBio. C.G. Besirli is a consultant for iRenix Medical and Ocutheia, and has been employed by Janssen. Y. Yonekawa is a consultant for Alcon, Apellis, Bausch\u2009+\u2009Lomb, Genentech, Versant Health, and receives research grant funding from EyeBio, Genentech, Kyowa Kirin, Ocugen, and Regeneron.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Potential conflicts of interest"}},{"value":"Authors R.R. Soares, L. Cai, A. Samuelson, T. Bowe, C. Huang, F.A. Beca, J. Hinkle, S.N. Patel, D. Musch, R.J. Vartanian, J.F. Vander, A.C. Ho, M. Spirn, and D. Xu declare they have no have no affiliations with or involvement in any organization or entity with any financial interest (such as honoraria; educational grants; participation in speakers\u2019 bureaus; membership, employment, consultancies, stock ownership, or other equity interest; and expert testimony or patent-licensing arrangements), or non-financial interest (such as personal or professional relationships, affiliations, knowledge or beliefs) in the subject matter or materials discussed in this manuscript.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}