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The size of the TelCaps was assessed on OCT IR and B-scans. The main outcome measures were the change in visual acuity (VA), central subfield thickness (CST), OCT biomarkers of DME, and size and number of TelCaps.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Compared to baseline, at 1 year and final follow-up (mean 44 months), the mean logMAR VA changed from 0.23 to 0.26 and 0.34, respectively (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.296 and 0.139), and the mean CST changed from 325\u00a0\u03bcm to 348\u00a0\u03bcm and 355\u00a0\u03bcm, respectively (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.172 and 0.098). 72% of the eyes had unchanged or worse VA and 64% had increased CST on final follow-up. The mean number of TelCaps per eye decreased from 1.36 at baseline to 1.12 at 1 year and 0.76 at the final follow-up (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.04), with disappearance in 11 eyes (44%), and new TelCaps appearing in 3 eyes (12%). The mean size of the TelCaps was also significantly reduced at 1-year and final follow-up on both OCT IR images and B-scans.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Visualized on OCT B-scans and IR, TelCaps are dynamic structures that undergo significant remodeling over time. Eyes with DME and TelCaps treated with injection therapy of anti-VEGF or steroids after at least one year exhibited persistent DME despite a decrease in number and size of TelCaps. TelCaps may serve as a potential biomarker for chronic DME.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-025-07080-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]],"date-time":"2026-01-07T05:46:47Z","timestamp":1767764807000},"page":"955-961","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Telangiectatic capillaries remodel over time in eyes with persistent diabetic macular edema"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"264","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2954-2917","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yousef A.","family":"Fouad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Reem","family":"Mohsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Raef","family":"Dimitry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dina","family":"Baddar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"7080_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2018.02.023","volume":"138","author":"NH Cho","year":"2018","unstructured":"Cho NH, Shaw JE, Karuranga S et al (2018) IDF diabetes atlas: global estimates of diabetes prevalence for 2017 and projections for 2045. 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The study was approved by the Watany Research and Development Center (WRDC) Ethics Committee.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"The need for patient consent was waived by the ethical committee owing to the retrospective non-invasive nature of the study.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}},{"value":"All authors certify that they have no affiliations with or involvement in any organization or entity with any financial interest (such as honoraria; educational grants; participation in speakers\u2019 bureaus; membership, employment, consultancies, stock ownership, or other equity interest; and expert testimony or patent-licensing arrangements), or non-financial interest (such as personal or professional relationships, affiliations, knowledge or beliefs) in the subject matter or materials discussed in this manuscript.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}