{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,22]],"date-time":"2026-05-22T06:08:53Z","timestamp":1779430133182,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767916800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767916800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008977","name":"Universit\u00e4t Ulm","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008977","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Penetrating injuries with intraocular foreign bodies (IOFB) remain a major cause of ocular morbidity worldwide. This study aimed to determine the physical and morphometric characteristics of IOFBs and investigate the correlation to the injury pattern.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Intraocular foreign bodies retrieved between January 2018 and December 2023 were examined for dimension, weight, shape, and magneticity. In order to classify the shape of the IOFB, various indices were calculated. Clinical records, imaging data, and operative reports were retrospectively analyzed to determine the course of the incident, point of entry, and final intraocular position.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Fifty-four IOFBs were removed during the study period. Of these, 39 met the inclusion criteria. The majority of IOFBs were metal and magnetic (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200932; 82%). Three IOFBs consisted of glass, two were made of wood and 2 eyelashes were extracted. The mean length, width and thickness were 4.95\u00a0mm, 1.70\u00a0mm and 0.86\u00a0mm, respectively. The average weight was 20.49\u00a0mg (0.2-112\u00a0mg; SD: 31\u00a0mg). The final intraocular location of foreign bodies was highly variable. With the exception of one case, all wire-shaped foreign bodies entered through the limbal cornea and penetrated into the suprachoroidal space. The variables of roundness, moment of inertia, length, circumference, and secondary moment of the major axis were identified as significant predictors of penetration depth.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In order to break through the corneal or scleral rigidity, foreign bodies must have certain physical properties and sufficient kinetic energy upon impact. Specific foreign body shapes can also lead to specific injury patterns. These precise measurement data may be important for future studies in trauma prevention, materials research, or the development of ophthalmic instruments.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-025-07106-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T10:22:19Z","timestamp":1767954139000},"page":"1881-1887","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A physical and morphometric analysis of intraocular foreign bodies and their clinical correlation"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"264","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2321-2359","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Melih","family":"Parlak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Armin","family":"Wolf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Mayer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jens Ulrich","family":"Werner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"7106_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2011.01.014","volume":"152","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2011","unstructured":"Zhang Y, Zhang M, Jiang C, Qiu HY (2011) Intraocular foreign bodies in China: clinical characteristics, prognostic factors, and visual outcomes in 1421 eyes. 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The authors confirm that the ethical guidelines of the journal were adhered to and that approval was obtained from the appropriate ethics committee. Verbal informed consent was obtained from the participants and approved by the Ethics Committee. In addition, written consent for publication of identifying information and accompanying images was obtained.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics"}},{"value":"The retrospective study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the Ethics Committee of the University of Ulm (264\/24).","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics committee approval"}},{"value":"The authors affirm that human research participants provided informed consent for publication of the images.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to publish"}},{"value":"All authors certify that they have no affiliations with or involvement in any organization or entity with any financial interest or non-financial interest in the subject matter or materials discussed in this manuscript. Melih Parlak and Jens Ulrich Werner received speaker fees from Bayer and Novartis. Prof. Dr. Armin Wolf received research grants and study fees from Allergan, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bayer, Alimera, Novartis, Oertli and Roche and consulting honoraria and travel fees from Alimera, Allergan, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Novartis, Oertli, Roche and Zeiss. For the remaining authors none conflict of interests or fundings were declared.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}