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The Snellen chart for visual acuity, Ishihara testing, and the SITA or AVA Fast strategy for VF testing were used in both the VRP and technician-based examinations. Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), CV results, mean deviation (MD), pattern standard deviation (PSD), and reliability indices were collected.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The study included 118 eyes with a mean age of 47.2\u2009\u00b1\u200918.8 (71.19% female). Significant positive correlations were found between the VRP and technician-based examination for BCVA (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.641,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;.001) and CV (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.824,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;.001). Bland-Altman analysis showed good agreement between VRP and the traditional exams for BCVA (mean bias 0.09\u2009\u00b1\u20090.25, limits of agreement (LOA): [0.58] to [-0.40]) and CV (mean bias 0.07\u2009\u00b1\u20090.11. LOA: [0.29] to [-0.16]). The MD and PSD of the VRP were significantly correlated with the standard Humphrey Visual Field (HVF) exam (MD:\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.91,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;.001; PSD:\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.88,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;.001). Bland-Altman analysis revealed a mean bias of -0.71\u2009\u00b1\u20092.81 for MD and \u2212\u20090.90\u2009\u00b1\u20092.08 for PSD. The VRP reduced test duration (124.31\u2009\u00b1\u20090.35\u00a0s) compared to the standard exam (256.8\u2009\u00b1\u20097.1\u00a0s,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;.0001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The VisuALL VRP, a compact portable device, effectively provides results comparable to technician-based assessments in neuro-ophthalmological patients while reducing test duration and improving clinical workflow.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-026-07148-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]],"date-time":"2026-02-16T10:43:16Z","timestamp":1771238596000},"page":"1823-1831","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A comparative analysis of an AI-assisted virtual reality platform with technician-based examination for visual field, visual acuity, and color vision in neuro-ophthalmology"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"264","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6344-4544","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos E.","family":"Mendoza-Santiesteban","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-5756-7038","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amanda","family":"Tran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8656-9887","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Henar","family":"Albertos-Arranz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ximena","family":"Mendoza-Infante","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-2677-7293","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicole M.","family":"Mendoza-Hung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul R.","family":"Clifford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0835-9715","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giselle","family":"Ricur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-4373-3089","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ioannis","family":"Del-Campo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5954-7233","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tamara","family":"Juvier-Riesgo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"7148_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s43058-023-00442-2","volume":"4","author":"MMTE Kouijzer","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kouijzer MMTE, Kip H, Bouman YHA, Kelders SM (2023) Implementation of virtual reality in healthcare: a scoping review on the implementation process of virtual reality in various healthcare settings. 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