{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,22]],"date-time":"2026-05-22T06:08:58Z","timestamp":1779430138795,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]],"date-time":"2026-02-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771891200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]],"date-time":"2026-02-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771891200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"name":"Chinese National Key Research and Development Program","award":["2021YFC2702100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFC2702100"]}]},{"name":"Shanghai Engineering Research Centre for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China","award":["19DZ2250100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19DZ2250100"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-026-07166-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]],"date-time":"2026-02-24T06:15:48Z","timestamp":1771913748000},"page":"1843-1851","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Morphological changes of \u03b2-Zone Peripapillary Atrophy (\u03b2-PPA) in children with type 1 Diabetes: A longitudinal study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"264","author":[{"given":"Shuchang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chenhao","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qingyu","family":"An","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xixuan","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xi","family":"Qu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yiwei","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haidong","family":"Zou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"7166_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1007\/s11892-021-01436-x","volume":"21","author":"T Lin","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lin T, Gubitosi-Klug RA, Channa R, Wolf RM (2021) Pediatric Diabetic Retinopathy: Updates in Prevalence, Risk Factors, Screening, and Management. Curr Diab Rep 21:56. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11892-021-01436-x","journal-title":"Curr Diab Rep"},{"key":"7166_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wu D, Zheng R, Kan X, Hao L, Wei Y, Cao J (2024) Early change of retinal nerve fiber layer in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus in northern China. J Pediatr Endocrinol metabolism: JPEM 37. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/jpem-2023-0446","DOI":"10.1515\/jpem-2023-0446"},{"key":"7166_CR3","first-page":"2942","volume":"32","author":"JB Jonas","year":"1991","unstructured":"Jonas JB, Fern\u00e1ndez MC, Naumann GO (1991) Parapapillary atrophy and retinal vessel diameter in nonglaucomatous optic nerve damage. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 32:2942\u20132947","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"7166_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/s1350-9462(99)00002-6","volume":"19","author":"JB Jonas","year":"2000","unstructured":"Jonas JB, Budde WM (2000) Diagnosis and pathogenesis of glaucomatous optic neuropathy: morphological aspects. Prog Retin Eye Res 19:1\u201340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s1350-9462(99)00002-6","journal-title":"Prog Retin Eye Res"},{"key":"7166_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e157","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.14885","volume":"100","author":"Q Lin","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lin Q, Jia Y, Li T, Wang S, Xu X, Xu Y, Lu L, Yang C, Zou H (2022) Optic disc morphology and peripapillary atrophic changes in diabetic children and adults without diabetic retinopathy or visual impairment. Acta Ophthalmol 100:e157\u2013e166. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/aos.14885","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol"},{"key":"7166_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1501625","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2024.1501625","volume":"12","author":"Y Li","year":"2024","unstructured":"Li Y, Hu X, Ye X, Zhong Q, Zhang X, Zhu J, Jiang J, Wang D, Zhang J, Ren W, Zhao Y, Lu Q, Zhao N (2024) The protective role of gamma zone peripapillary atrophy in diabetic retinopathy: insights from deep learning and SS-OCT angiography. Front Cell Dev Biol 12:1501625. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcell.2024.1501625","journal-title":"Front Cell Dev Biol"},{"key":"7166_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1094","DOI":"10.1161\/hypertensionaha.111.189142","volume":"60","author":"CY Cheung","year":"2012","unstructured":"Cheung CY, Ikram MK, Sabanayagam C, Wong TY (2012) Retinal microvasculature as a model to study the manifestations of hypertension. Hypertension 60:1094\u20131103. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/hypertensionaha.111.189142","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"7166_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1505","DOI":"10.1007\/s00592-022-01951-7","volume":"59","author":"S Chen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chen S, Qian Y, Lin Q, Chen Z, Xiang Z, Cui L, Sun J, Qin X, Xu Y, Lu L, Zou H (2022) Increased serum 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid levels are correlated with an increased risk of diabetic retinopathy in both children and adults with diabetes. Acta Diabetol 59:1505\u20131513. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00592-022-01951-7","journal-title":"Acta Diabetol"},{"key":"7166_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1139","DOI":"10.1159\/000533278","volume":"66","author":"L Cui","year":"2023","unstructured":"Cui L, Xiao Y, Qian Y, Lin Q, Xiang Z, Chen Z, Sun J, Qin X, Yang C, Zou H (2023) Discrepancies in Vessel Density and Blood Flow Distribution in Different Areas of the Iris among Pediatric Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus and Adult Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients. Ophthalmic Res 66:1139\u20131147. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000533278","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Res"},{"key":"7166_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0243407","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0243407","volume":"16","author":"K Kudo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kudo K, Inoue T, Sonoda N, Ogawa Y, Inoguchi T (2021) Relationship between serum bilirubin levels, urinary biopyrrin levels, and retinopathy in patients with diabetes. PLoS ONE 16:e0243407. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0243407","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"7166_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110590","DOI":"10.4239\/wjd.v16.i9.110590","volume":"16","author":"XY Lin","year":"2025","unstructured":"Lin XY, Zheng YX, Liu MM, Liang Q, Li M, Sui J, Qiang W, Guo H, Shi BY, He MQ (2025) Indirect bilirubin is inversely associated with diabetic retinopathy risk and is a potential predictive biomarker. World J Diabetes 16:110590. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4239\/wjd.v16.i9.110590","journal-title":"World J Diabetes"},{"key":"7166_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5171","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0813132106","volume":"106","author":"TW Sedlak","year":"2009","unstructured":"Sedlak TW, Saleh M, Higginson DS, Paul BD, Juluri KR, Snyder SH (2009) Bilirubin and glutathione have complementary antioxidant and cytoprotective roles. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 106:5171\u20135176. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.0813132106","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"7166_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e34946","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e34946","volume":"10","author":"MR Xu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Xu MR, Wang JW, Ma YL, Wang YJ, Li MH, Lu JX, Li LX (2024) High-normal serum bilirubin is a useful indicator to assess the risk of diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetes: A real-world study. Heliyon 10:e34946. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e34946","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"7166_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"976","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.355743","volume":"18","author":"L Tang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tang L, Xu GT, Zhang JF (2023) Inflammation in diabetic retinopathy: possible roles in pathogenesis and potential implications for therapy. Neural Regen Res 18:976\u2013982. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/1673-5374.355743","journal-title":"Neural Regen Res"},{"key":"7166_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.18240\/ijo.2024.02.08","volume":"17","author":"L Chen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chen L, Feng Y, Zhang SS, Liu YF, Lin P (2024) Quantifying peripapillary vessel density and retinal nerve fibre layer in type 1 diabetic children without clinically detectable retinopathy using OCTA. Int J Ophthalmol 17:278\u2013281. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18240\/ijo.2024.02.08","journal-title":"Int J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"7166_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100933","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2020.100933","volume":"83","author":"YX Wang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wang YX, Panda-Jonas S, Jonas JB (2021) Optic nerve head anatomy in myopia and glaucoma, including parapapillary zones alpha, beta, gamma and delta: Histology and clinical features. Prog Retin Eye Res 83:100933. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2020.100933","journal-title":"Prog Retin Eye Res"}],"container-title":["Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00417-026-07166-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00417-026-07166-8","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00417-026-07166-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,22]],"date-time":"2026-05-22T05:48:56Z","timestamp":1779428936000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00417-026-07166-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]}},"alternative-id":["7166"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00417-026-07166-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["0721-832X","1435-702X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0721-832X","type":"print"},{"value":"1435-702X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"19 October 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 January 2026","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 February 2026","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 February 2026","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study followed the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Ethics Committee of Shanghai General Hospital (approval number: 2018KY209) and the Ethics Committee of Children\u2019s Hospital of Fudan University (approval number: 01[2018]). Written informed consent was obtained from the legal guardian of each child to participate in the study.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Statement of ethics"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}