{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T19:24:36Z","timestamp":1792265076161,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774569600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774569600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Key messages<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>\n                      <jats:bold>\n                        <jats:italic>What is known<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:bold>\n                    <\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\u2022\u00a0Helmholtz invented the ophthalmoscope in 1850 and published his observations in a monograph in 1851. However, he did not include an illustration of what he observed;<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>\u2022\u00a0The first published retinal paintings were created in 1853 by the artistically gifted physician Adrien Christophe van Trigt.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>\n                      <jats:bold>\n                        <jats:italic>What is new<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:bold>\n                    <\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\u2022\u00a0Shortly after Helmholtz\u2019s publication of the ophthalmoscope, the Amsterdam instrument maker Epkens designed and constructed a table-model ophthalmoscope that left the dominant hand free;<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>\u2022\u00a0The ophthalmologist Donders in Utrecht recognized in Epkens\u2019 table model ophthalmoscope the opportunity to produce retinal paintings for publication purposes. He recruited the artistically skilled physician Adrien van Trigt as PhD student to carry out this work;<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>\u2022\u00a0The collaboration of Donders, Van Trigt and Epkens resulted within 19 months following Helmholtz\u2019 monograph, in the publication of retinal paintings \u2013 a remarkably fast achievement, given that retinal photography was not yet available.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-026-07196-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T06:36:40Z","timestamp":1774593400000},"page":"2311-2316","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The forgotten story behind the first published retinal paintings"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"264","author":[{"given":"Jan E. E.","family":"Keunen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C. Richard","family":"Keeler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Camiel J. 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