{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T19:12:42Z","timestamp":1792782762526,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]],"date-time":"2026-04-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776988800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]],"date-time":"2026-04-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776988800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Alma Mater Studiorum - Universit\u00e0 di Bologna","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01111rn36","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-026-07243-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]],"date-time":"2026-04-24T05:21:14Z","timestamp":1777008074000},"page":"3205-3214","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Comparison of choroidal biomarkers and scleral thickness in keratoconus in relation to corneal cross-linking"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"264","author":[{"given":"Nicola","family":"Valsecchi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giulia","family":"Folgaria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simone","family":"Febbraro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Lorenzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samir","family":"Shhada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed Abdul","family":"Rasheed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natalie","family":"di Geronimo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Moramarco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jay","family":"Chhablani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luigi","family":"Fontana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maurizio","family":"Mete","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"7243_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101559","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clae.2021.101559","volume":"45","author":"J Santodomingo-Rubido","year":"2022","unstructured":"Santodomingo-Rubido J, Carracedo G, Suzaki A, Villa-Collar C, Vincent SJ, Wolffsohn JS (2022) Keratoconus: an updated review. Contact Lens Anterior Eye J Br Contact Lens Assoc 45(3):101559","journal-title":"Contact Lens Anterior Eye J Br Contact Lens Assoc"},{"issue":"3","key":"7243_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10030687","volume":"10","author":"AE Pouw","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pouw AE, Greiner MA, Coussa RG, Jiao C, Han IC, Skeie JM et al (2021) Cell-Matrix Interactions in the Eye: From Cornea to Choroid. Cells 10(3):687","journal-title":"Cells"},{"issue":"6","key":"7243_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1080\/08164622.2024.2393189","volume":"108","author":"A Abbasi Mehrabadi","year":"2025","unstructured":"Abbasi Mehrabadi A, Sadeghi J, Shoeibi N, Heravian Shandiz J, Motamed Shariati M, Derakhshan A et al (2025) Macular choroidal thickness in keratoconus. Clin Exp Optom 108(6):723\u2013728","journal-title":"Clin Exp Optom"},{"issue":"1","key":"7243_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1007\/s10792-022-02391-6","volume":"43","author":"G Aksoy Aydemir","year":"2023","unstructured":"Aksoy Aydemir G, Ozkoyuncu Kocabas D, Aydemir E, Bayat AH, C\u0131nar SS, Karada\u011f AS (2023) Alterations in the choroidal thickness and retinal vascular caliber in keratoconus. Int Ophthalmol 43(1):95\u2013103","journal-title":"Int Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"4","key":"7243_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1185","DOI":"10.1007\/s10792-022-02517-w","volume":"43","author":"A Ballesteros-S\u00e1nchez","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ballesteros-S\u00e1nchez A, De-Hita-Cantalejo C, S\u00e1nchez-Gonz\u00e1lez MC, Bautista-Llamas MJ, S\u00e1nchez-Gonz\u00e1lez JM, Gargallo-Mart\u00ednez B (2022) Choroidal thickness assessment in keratoconus patients treated with cross-linking compared to healthy population. Int Ophthalmol 43(4):1185","journal-title":"Int Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"1","key":"7243_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-024-03753-7","volume":"24","author":"A Mohammadi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mohammadi A, Masihpour N, Feghhi M, Panahi-Bazaz MR, Mahdian Rad A, Kayedi M (2024) Quantifying choroidal and retinal thicknesses variations via optical coherence tomography in different stages of pediatric keratoconus. BMC Ophthalmol 24(1):488","journal-title":"BMC Ophthalmol"},{"key":"7243_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1682463","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/1682463","volume":"2020","author":"R Gutierrez-Bonet","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gutierrez-Bonet R, Ruiz-Medrano J, Biarn\u00e9s M, Rasheed MA, Vupparaboina KK, Chhablani J et al (2020) Analysis of Choroidal Vascularity Index in Keratoconus Patients Using Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomography-Based Binarization Techniques. J Ophthalmol 2020:1682463","journal-title":"J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"7243_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100973","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2021.100973","volume":"86","author":"RF Spaide","year":"2022","unstructured":"Spaide RF, Gemmy Cheung CM, Matsumoto H, Kishi S, Boon CJF, van Dijk EHC et al (2022) Venous overload choroidopathy: A hypothetical framework for central serous chorioretinopathy and allied disorders. Prog Retin Eye Res 86:100973","journal-title":"Prog Retin Eye Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"7243_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0b013e3180986299","volume":"28","author":"CM Eandi","year":"2008","unstructured":"Eandi CM, Del Priore LV, Bertelli E, Ober MD, Yannuzzi LA (2008) Central serous chorioretinopathy in patients with keratoconus. Retina Phila Pa 28(1):94\u201396","journal-title":"Retina Phila Pa"},{"issue":"1","key":"7243_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-024-06612-9","volume":"263","author":"A Feo","year":"2025","unstructured":"Feo A, Vinciguerra R, Antropoli A, Barone G, Criscuolo D, Vinciguerra P et al (2025) Pachychoroid pigment epitheliopathy in keratoconic eyes. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 263(1):87\u201395","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"5","key":"7243_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100808","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xops.2025.100808","volume":"5","author":"P Di Forte","year":"2025","unstructured":"Forte P, Feo A, Koizumi H, Borrelli E, Manocchio R, Di Cello L et al (2025) Scleral thickness in eyes with pachychoroid pigment epitheliopathy accompanied by keratoconus. Ophthalmol Sci 5(5):100808","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"7243_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1702","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14051702","volume":"14","author":"N Papachristoforou","year":"2025","unstructured":"Papachristoforou N, Ueno A, Ledwos K, Bartu\u015b J, Nowi\u0144ska A, Karska-Basta I (2025) A Review of Keratoconus Cross-Linking Treatment Methods. J Clin Med 14(5):1702","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"7243_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"718","DOI":"10.1080\/02713683.2019.1694157","volume":"45","author":"BA Gawargious","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gawargious BA, Le A, Lesgart M, Ugardar S, Demer JL (2020) Differential regional stiffening of sclera by collagen cross-linking. Curr Eye Res 45(6):718\u2013725","journal-title":"Curr Eye Res"},{"issue":"8","key":"7243_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.65.8.8","volume":"65","author":"L Villegas","year":"2024","unstructured":"Villegas L, Germann JA, Marcos S (2024) Effects of different scleral photo-crosslinking modalities on scleral stiffness and hydration. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 65(8):8","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"11","key":"7243_CR15","first-page":"724","volume":"36","author":"A Moramarco","year":"2020","unstructured":"Moramarco A, Mastrofilippo V, Romano MG, Iannetta D, Braglia L, Fontana L (2020) Efficacy and Safety of Accelerated Corneal Cross-linking for Progressive Keratoconus: A 5-Year Follow-up Study. J Refract Surg Thorofare NJ 1995 36(11):724\u2013730","journal-title":"J Refract Surg Thorofare NJ 1995"},{"key":"7243_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Giannaccare G, Murano G, Carnevali A, Yu AC, Vaccaro S, Scuteri G et al (2021) Comparison of amsler\u2013krumeich and sandali classifications for staging eyes with keratoconus. [cited 2025 Aug 26]; Available from: https:\/\/sfera.unife.it\/handle\/11392\/2494421","DOI":"10.3390\/app11094007"},{"issue":"1","key":"7243_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s10792-024-02922-3","volume":"44","author":"N Valsecchi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Valsecchi N, Roda M, Febbraro S, Trolli E, Palandri G, Giannini G et al (2024) In vivo assessment of the ocular biomechanical properties in patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus. Int Ophthalmol 44(1):1","journal-title":"Int Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"3","key":"7243_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oret.2020.07.011","volume":"5","author":"N Imanaga","year":"2021","unstructured":"Imanaga N, Terao N, Nakamine S, Tamashiro T, Wakugawa S, Sawaguchi K et al (2021) Scleral Thickness in Central Serous Chorioretinopathy. Ophthalmol Retina 5(3):285\u2013291","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Retina"},{"issue":"3","key":"7243_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2011.01.002","volume":"92","author":"JR Ehrlich","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ehrlich JR, Peterson J, Parlitsis G, Kay KY, Kiss S, Radcliffe NM (2011) Peripapillary choroidal thickness in glaucoma measured with optical coherence tomography. Exp Eye Res 92(3):189\u2013194","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res"},{"issue":"7","key":"7243_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1396","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000004456","volume":"45","author":"N Valsecchi","year":"2025","unstructured":"Valsecchi N, Roda M, Elifani M, Febbraro S, Russo MN, Palandri G et al (2025) Peripapillary alterations in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus. Retina 45(7):1396","journal-title":"Retina"},{"issue":"8","key":"7243_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e770","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.13442","volume":"95","author":"R Agrawal","year":"2017","unstructured":"Agrawal R, Wei X, Goud A, Vupparaboina KK, Jana S, Chhablani J (2017) Influence of scanning area on choroidal vascularity index measurement using optical coherence tomography. Acta Ophthalmol (Copenh) 95(8):e770\u2013e775","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol (Copenh)"},{"issue":"3","key":"7243_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1491","DOI":"10.1177\/11206721211021300","volume":"32","author":"K Nasrollahi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Nasrollahi K, Razmjoo F, Naderan M, Peyman A (2022) Corneal cross-linking for keratoconus: Evaluation of the retina and choroid. Eur J Ophthalmol 32(3):1491\u20131495. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/11206721211021300","journal-title":"Eur J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"7","key":"7243_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1267","DOI":"10.18240\/ijo.2024.07.11","volume":"17","author":"S Doganay","year":"2024","unstructured":"Doganay S, Kiristioglu MO, Doganay D, Kacmaz E (2024) Detecting early changes in choroidal vascularity and thickness using optical coherence tomography in patients with corneal crosslinking for keratoconus. Int J Ophthalmol 17(7):1267\u20131272","journal-title":"Int J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"5","key":"7243_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1289","DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-012-1237-6","volume":"28","author":"S Choi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Choi S, Lee SC, Lee HJ et al (2013) Structural response of human corneal and scleral tissues to collagen cross-linking treatment with riboflavin and ultraviolet A light. Lasers Med Sci 28(5):1289\u20131296. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10103-012-1237-6","journal-title":"Lasers Med Sci"},{"issue":"9","key":"7243_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1167\/tvst.9.9.45","volume":"9","author":"P Guo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Guo P, Miao Y, Jing Y et al (2020) Changes in Collagen Structure and Permeability of Rat and Human Sclera After Crosslinking. Transl Vis Sci Technol 9(9):45. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1167\/tvst.9.9.45","journal-title":"Transl Vis Sci Technol"},{"issue":"1","key":"7243_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e29692","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0029692","volume":"7","author":"S Vurgese","year":"2012","unstructured":"Vurgese S, Panda-Jonas S, Jonas JB (2012) Scleral thickness in human eyes. PLoS ONE 7(1):e29692. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0029692","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"7243_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-024-03253-4","volume":"39","author":"CMG Cheung","year":"2025","unstructured":"Cheung CMG, Dansingani KK, Koizumi H et al (2025) Pachychoroid disease: review and update. Eye 39:819\u2013834","journal-title":"Eye"},{"issue":"4","key":"7243_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xops.2022.100201","volume":"2","author":"M Yagi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yagi M, Miyake M, Mori Y et al (2022) Natural Course of Pachychoroid Pigment Epitheliopathy. Ophthalmol Sci 2(4):100201","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Sci"},{"key":"7243_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2319","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-018-4144-0","volume":"256","author":"M Karacorlu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Karacorlu M, Ersoz MG, Arf S et al (2018) Long-term follow-up of pachychoroid pigment epitheliopathy and lesion characteristics. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 256:2319\u20132326","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"1","key":"7243_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s10792-025-03617-z","volume":"45","author":"L Krungkraipetch","year":"2025","unstructured":"Krungkraipetch L, Assawaboonyadech A, Supajitgulchai D (2025) Corneal biomechanical property changes following corneal collagen cross-linking in keratoconus: a systematic review and meta-regression analysis. Int Ophthalmol 45(1):1\u201314","journal-title":"Int Ophthalmol"}],"container-title":["Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00417-026-07243-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00417-026-07243-y","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00417-026-07243-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T14:02:27Z","timestamp":1791208947000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00417-026-07243-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["7243"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00417-026-07243-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["0721-832X","1435-702X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0721-832X","type":"print"},{"value":"1435-702X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"11 January 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 March 2026","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 April 2026","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 April 2026","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"No financial disclosures.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Financial disclosures","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Clinical trial number","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All procedures adhered to the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki, and all participants provided written informed consent. This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Bologna, Italy (Cod CE: 53\/2025\/Oss\/AOUBo).","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Human ethics and consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}