{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T19:12:53Z","timestamp":1792782773525,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778716800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778716800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Taichung Veterans General Hospital","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00e87hq62","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate long-term visual outcomes and prognostic factors after small-gauge pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) for exogenous endophthalmitis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Single-center, retrospective cohort of 45 eyes (45 patients) undergoing PPV for exogenous endophthalmitis (June 2014\u2013September 2024). Demographics, etiology, microbiology, surgical parameters, and outcomes were reviewed. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was recorded preoperatively and at final follow-up. Associations with final BCVA were explored using univariate tests.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Median BCVA improved from hand motion (~\u200920\/4000; logMAR 2.30) to approximately 20\/1200 (logMAR 1.78;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.004). Overall, 51.1% improved and 24.4% achieved\u2009\u2265\u200920\/40. Factors associated with worse final BCVA included poorer initial BCVA (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.002), culture positivity (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.037), and intraoperative retinal detachment (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.009). Favorable factors were 27-gauge PPV (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.044) and post-cataract etiology (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.006).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Small-gauge PPV, including 27-gauge, was associated with meaningful visual improvement in exogenous endophthalmitis. Final visual outcomes appeared to be influenced by baseline vision, microbial virulence, and the presence of retinal detachment. However, given the highly heterogeneous nature of this cohort, these findings should be interpreted with caution and may warrant further validation. Our findings provide contemporary data complementing the Endophthalmitis Vitrectomy Study and reflect outcomes achievable with modern techniques.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-026-07279-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T03:51:09Z","timestamp":1778730669000},"page":"3259-3268","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Long-term outcomes and factors associated with visual recovery after small-gauge vitrectomy for infectious endophthalmitis: a 10-year experience at a single tertiary center in Taiwan"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"264","author":[{"given":"Chung-Hao","family":"Hsiao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hung-Ju","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chia-Jen","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shih-Chao","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuan-Shao","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wen-Jung","family":"Lo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"7279_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.2147\/opth.S76406","volume":"9","author":"K Vaziri","year":"2015","unstructured":"Vaziri K, Schwartz SG, Kishor K, Flynn HW Jr (2015) Endophthalmitis: state of the art. Clin Ophthalmol 9:95\u2013108. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/opth.S76406","journal-title":"Clin Ophthalmol"},{"key":"7279_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.IJO_509_17","volume":"65","author":"P Lalitha","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lalitha P, Sengupta S, Ravindran RD, Sharma S, Joseph J, Ambiya V, Das T (2017) A literature review and update on the incidence and microbiology spectrum of postcataract surgery endophthalmitis over past two decades in India. Indian J Ophthalmol 65:673\u2013677. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/ijo.IJO_509_17","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"7279_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1479","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1995.01100120009001","volume":"113","author":"Endophthalmitis Vitrectomy Study Collaboration","year":"1995","unstructured":"Endophthalmitis Vitrectomy Study Collaboration (1995) Results of the Endophthalmitis Vitrectomy Study. A randomized trial of immediate vitrectomy and of intravenous antibiotics for the treatment of postoperative bacterial endophthalmitis. Arch Ophthalmol 113:1479\u20131496","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"7279_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1991.01080040055025","volume":"109","author":"BH Doft","year":"1991","unstructured":"Doft BH (1991) The endophthalmitis vitrectomy study. Arch Ophthalmol 109:487\u2013489. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/archopht.1991.01080040055025","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"7279_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2023.12.033","volume":"131","author":"RN Israilevich","year":"2024","unstructured":"Israilevich RN, Mansour H, Patel SN, Garg SJ, Klufas MA, Yonekawa Y, Regillo CD, Hsu J (2024) Risk of Endophthalmitis Based on Cumulative Number of Anti-VEGF Intravitreal Injections. Ophthalmology 131:667\u2013673. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ophtha.2023.12.033","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"7279_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"V D, Sarao V, Lanzetta P (2019) A Propensity-Score Matching Comparison between 27-Gauge and 25-Gauge Vitrectomy Systems for the Repair of Primary Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment. J Ophthalmol 2019(3120960). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2019\/3120960","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/3120960"},{"key":"7279_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2009.06.043","volume":"117","author":"Y Oshima","year":"2010","unstructured":"Oshima Y, Wakabayashi T, Sato T, Ohji M, Tano Y (2010) A 27-gauge instrument system for transconjunctival sutureless microincision vitrectomy surgery. Ophthalmology 117:93\u2013102e102. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ophtha.2009.06.043","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"7279_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ma J, Wang Q, Niu H (2020) Comparison of 27-Gauge and 25-Gauge Microincision Vitrectomy Surgery for the Treatment of Vitreoretinal Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Ophthalmol 2020(6149692). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2020\/6149692","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/6149692"},{"key":"7279_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1007\/s10792-019-01250-1","volume":"40","author":"W Lubi\u0144ski","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lubi\u0144ski W, Gos\u0142awski W, Podbor\u0105czy\u0144ska-Jodko K, Mularczyk M, Post M (2020) Comparison of 27-gauge versus 25-gauge vitrectomy results in patients with epiretinal membrane: 6-month follow-up. Int Ophthalmol 40:867\u2013875. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10792-019-01250-1","journal-title":"Int Ophthalmol"},{"key":"7279_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.3980\/j.issn.2222-3959.2012.06.21","volume":"5","author":"C Ding","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ding C, Zeng J (2012) Clinical study on Hypotony following blunt ocular trauma. Int J Ophthalmol 5:771\u2013773. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3980\/j.issn.2222-3959.2012.06.21","journal-title":"Int J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"7279_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13736","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-70833-1","volume":"10","author":"MY Choi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Choi MY, Kwon JW (2020) Risk factors for ocular hypertension after intravitreal dexamethasone implantation in diabetic macular edema. Sci Rep 10:13736. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-020-70833-1","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"7279_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"(1998) The ischemic optic neuropathy decompression trial (IONDT): design and methods. Control Clin Trials 19: 276\u2013296 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0197-2456(98)00003-8","DOI":"10.1016\/s0197-2456(98)00003-8"},{"key":"7279_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Cunha AM, Igl\u00e9sias MM, Rocha-Sousa A, Falc\u00e3o-Reis F, Falc\u00e3o M (2021) Endophthalmitis following Intravitreal Injection, Cataract Surgery, and Vitrectomy: Clinical Features and Visual Outcomes. J Ophthalmol 2021: 9985821 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2021\/9985821","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/9985821"},{"key":"7279_CR14","first-page":"139","volume":"51","author":"A Gupta","year":"2003","unstructured":"Gupta A, Gupta V, Gupta A, Dogra MR, Pandav SS, Ray P, Chakraborty A (2003) Spectrum and clinical profile of post cataract surgery endophthalmitis in north India. Indian J Ophthalmol 51:139\u2013145","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"7279_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1159","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2013.4242","volume":"131","author":"A Combey de Lambert","year":"2013","unstructured":"Combey de Lambert A, Campolmi N, Cornut PL, Aptel F, Creuzot-Garcher C, Chiquet C (2013) Baseline factors predictive of visual prognosis in acute postoperative bacterial endophthalmitis in patients undergoing cataract surgery. JAMA Ophthalmol 131:1159\u20131166. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2013.4242","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol"},{"key":"7279_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0278625","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0278625","volume":"17","author":"JJ Lee","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lee JJ, Jo YJ, Lee JS (2022) Clinical characteristics and risk factors for visual prognosis according to the types of infectious endophthalmitis. PLoS ONE 17:e0278625. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0278625","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"7279_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1018","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2014.07.038","volume":"158","author":"AE Kuriyan","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kuriyan AE, Sridhar J, Flynn HW Jr., Smiddy WE, Albini TA, Berrocal AM, Forster RK, Belin PJ, Miller D (2014) Endophthalmitis caused by Enterococcus faecalis: clinical features, antibiotic sensitivities, and outcomes. Am J Ophthalmol 158:1018\u20131023. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajo.2014.07.038","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"7279_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0b013e3181ecccf0","volume":"31","author":"V Ho","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ho V, Ho LY, Ranchod TM, Drenser KA, Williams GA, Garretson BR (2011) Endogenous methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus endophthalmitis. Retina 31:596\u2013601. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/IAE.0b013e3181ecccf0","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"7279_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1456","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2017.85","volume":"31","author":"SH Jeong","year":"2017","unstructured":"Jeong SH, Cho HJ, Kim HS, Han JI, Lee DW, Kim CG, Kim JW (2017) Acute endophthalmitis after cataract surgery: 164 consecutive cases treated at a referral center in South Korea. Eye (Lond) 31:1456\u20131462. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/eye.2017.85","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"key":"7279_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1007\/s10792-024-03342-z","volume":"45","author":"SC Hayat","year":"2025","unstructured":"Hayat SC, Yilmaz YC, Ermis S, Ozal E, Karapapak M, Baybora H, Ozal SA (2025) Clinical presentation and outcome of patients with endogenous endophthalmitis. Int Ophthalmol 45:31. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10792-024-03342-z","journal-title":"Int Ophthalmol"},{"key":"7279_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-0691.12118","volume":"19","author":"ML Durand","year":"2013","unstructured":"Durand ML (2013) Endophthalmitis. Clin Microbiol Infect 19:227\u2013234. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1469-0691.12118","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"7279_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1529","DOI":"10.2147\/opth.S302757","volume":"15","author":"T Wang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wang T, Moinuddin O, Abuzaitoun R, Hwang M, Besirli C, Wubben TJ, Zacks DN (2021) Retinal Detachment After Endophthalmitis: Risk Factors and Outcomes. Clin Ophthalmol 15:1529\u20131537. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/opth.S302757","journal-title":"Clin Ophthalmol"},{"key":"7279_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1661","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.118.12.1661","volume":"118","author":"BM Doft","year":"2000","unstructured":"Doft BM, Kelsey SF, Wisniewski SR (2000) Retinal detachment in the endophthalmitis vitrectomy study. Arch Ophthalmol 118:1661\u20131665. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/archopht.118.12.1661","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"7279_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-021-02175-z","volume":"21","author":"Y Zheng","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zheng Y, Casagrande M, Dimopoulos S, Bartz-Schmidt KU, Spitzer MS, Skevas C (2021) Analysis of retinal detachment resulted from post-operative endophthalmitis treated with 23G pars Plana Vitrectomy. BMC Ophthalmol 21:414. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12886-021-02175-z","journal-title":"BMC Ophthalmol"},{"key":"7279_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2031","DOI":"10.1007\/s40123-025-01196-x","volume":"14","author":"JW Sromicki","year":"2025","unstructured":"Sromicki JW, Stahel M, Blum RA, Rudolph KA, Barthelmes D (2025) Early Vitrectomy in Endophthalmitis: Visual Outcomes and Complication Rates. Ophthalmol Ther 14:2031\u20132042. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40123-025-01196-x","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Ther"},{"key":"7279_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2006.12.001","volume":"26","author":"MC Callegan","year":"2007","unstructured":"Callegan MC, Gilmore MS, Gregory M, Ramadan RT, Wiskur BJ, Moyer AL, Hunt JJ, Novosad BD (2007) Bacterial endophthalmitis: therapeutic challenges and host-pathogen interactions. Prog Retin Eye Res 26:189\u2013203. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2006.12.001","journal-title":"Prog Retin Eye Res"},{"key":"7279_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2015.275","volume":"30","author":"K Mitsui","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mitsui K, Kogo J, Takeda H, Shiono A, Sasaki H, Munemasa Y, Kitaoka Y, Takagi H (2016) Comparative study of 27-gauge vs 25-gauge vitrectomy for epiretinal membrane. Eye (Lond) 30:538\u2013544. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/eye.2015.275","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"key":"7279_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2591","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-019-04448-2","volume":"257","author":"Y Shinkai","year":"2019","unstructured":"Shinkai Y, Oshima Y, Yoneda K, Kogo J, Imai H, Watanabe A, Matsui Y, Suzuki K, Sotozono C (2019) Multicenter survey of sutureless 27-gauge vitrectomy for primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment: a consecutive series of 410 cases. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 257:2591\u20132600. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00417-019-04448-2","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"7279_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1007\/s10384-024-01135-6","volume":"69","author":"R Nishigushi","year":"2025","unstructured":"Nishigushi R, Usui-Ouchi A, Sakanishi Y, Tamaki K, Mashimo K, Ito R, Sakuma T, Ebihara N, Nakao S (2025) Outcomes, efficacy and risk factors of 27-Gauge vitrectomy for diabetic tractional retinal detachment in Japanese patients. Jpn J Ophthalmol 69:59\u201365. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10384-024-01135-6","journal-title":"Jpn J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"7279_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1553","DOI":"10.2147\/opth.S255162","volume":"14","author":"OA Saleh","year":"2020","unstructured":"Saleh OA, Alshamarti SA, Abu-Yaghi NE (2020) Comparison of Characteristics and Clinical Outcomes in 27-Gauge versus 23-Gauge Vitrectomy Surgery. Clin Ophthalmol 14:1553\u20131558. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/opth.S255162","journal-title":"Clin Ophthalmol"},{"key":"7279_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1761","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0b013e3182456f4d","volume":"32","author":"PU Dugel","year":"2012","unstructured":"Dugel PU, Zhou J, Abulon DJ, Buboltz DC (2012) Tissue attraction associated with 20-gauge, 23-gauge, and enhanced 25-gauge dual-pneumatic vitrectomy probes. Retina 32:1761\u20131766. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/IAE.0b013e3182456f4d","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"7279_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2017.09.013","volume":"125","author":"MA Khan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Khan MA, Kuley A, Riemann CD, Berrocal MH, Lakhanpal RR, Hsu J, Sivalingam A, Ho AC, Regillo CD (2018) Long-Term Visual Outcomes and Safety Profile of 27-Gauge Pars Plana Vitrectomy for Posterior Segment Disease. Ophthalmology 125:423\u2013431. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ophtha.2017.09.013","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"7279_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2015.09.024","volume":"161","author":"MA Khan","year":"2016","unstructured":"Khan MA, Shahlaee A, Toussaint B, Hsu J, Sivalingam A, Dugel PU, Lakhanpal RR, Riemann CD, Berrocal MH, Regillo CD, Ho AC (2016) Outcomes of 27 Gauge Microincision Vitrectomy Surgery for Posterior Segment Disease. Am J Ophthalmol 161:36\u201343e31. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajo.2015.09.024","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"7279_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2663","DOI":"10.1007\/s10792-017-0747-4","volume":"38","author":"B Xiao","year":"2018","unstructured":"Xiao B, Yang J, Chu Y, Han Q (2018) Prompt 27-gauge sutureless transconjunctival vitrectomy for bleb-associated endophthalmitis. Int Ophthalmol 38:2663\u20132668. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10792-017-0747-4","journal-title":"Int Ophthalmol"},{"key":"7279_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e000423","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjophth-2019-000423","volume":"5","author":"GS Negretti","year":"2020","unstructured":"Negretti GS, Chan W, Pavesio C, Muqit MMK (2020) Vitrectomy for endophthalmitis: 5-year study of outcomes and complications. BMJ Open Ophthalmol 5:e000423. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjophth-2019-000423","journal-title":"BMJ Open Ophthalmol"},{"key":"7279_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.22608\/apo.2018414","volume":"8","author":"IV Ho","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ho IV, Fernandez-Sanz G, Levasseur S, Ting E, Liew G, Playfair J, Downie J, Gorbatov M, Hunyor AP, Chang AA (2019) Early Pars Plana Vitrectomy for Treatment of Acute Infective Endophthalmitis. Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila) 8:3\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.22608\/apo.2018414","journal-title":"Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila)"},{"key":"7279_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251584142413110","DOI":"10.1177\/25158414241311064","volume":"17","author":"DJ Hu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Hu DJ, Ghauri S, Krzystolik MG (2025) Timing of vitrectomy for treatment of endophthalmitis after intravitreal anti-VEGF injection: a systematic literature review of case reports and series. Ther Adv Ophthalmol 17:25158414241311064. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/25158414241311064","journal-title":"Ther Adv Ophthalmol"},{"key":"7279_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.22942","volume":"64","author":"K Eastlake","year":"2016","unstructured":"Eastlake K, Banerjee PJ, Angbohang A, Charteris DG, Khaw PT, Limb GA (2016) M\u00fcller glia as an important source of cytokines and inflammatory factors present in the gliotic retina during proliferative vitreoretinopathy. Glia 64:495\u2013506. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/glia.22942","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"7279_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Cunha-Vaz JG, Travassos A (1984) Breakdown of the blood-retinal barriers and cystoid macular edema. Surv Ophthalmol 28 (Suppl): 485\u2013492. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0039-6257(84)90230-3","DOI":"10.1016\/0039-6257(84)90230-3"},{"key":"7279_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Nicolai M, Lassandro N, Franceschi A, Rosati A, De Turris S, Pelliccioni P, Pirani V, Mariotti C (2020) Intraocular Pressure Rise Linked to Silicone Oil in Retinal Surgery: A Review. Vis (Basel) 4. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/vision4030036","DOI":"10.3390\/vision4030036"},{"key":"7279_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sinisi F, Della Santina M, Loiudice P, Figus M, Casini G (2022) The Role of Silicone Oil in the Surgical Management of Endophthalmitis: A Systematic Review. J Clin Med 11. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm11185445","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11185445"},{"key":"7279_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1007\/s10792-012-9702-6","volume":"33","author":"EY Pinarci","year":"2013","unstructured":"Pinarci EY, Yesilirmak N, Bayar SA, Sizmaz S, Akkoyun I, Yilmaz G (2013) The results of pars plana vitrectomy and silicone oil tamponade for endophthalmitis after intravitreal injections. Int Ophthalmol 33:361\u2013365. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10792-012-9702-6","journal-title":"Int Ophthalmol"}],"container-title":["Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00417-026-07279-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00417-026-07279-0","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00417-026-07279-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T14:02:29Z","timestamp":1791208949000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00417-026-07279-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["7279"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00417-026-07279-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["0721-832X","1435-702X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0721-832X","type":"print"},{"value":"1435-702X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"22 October 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 April 2026","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 May 2026","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 May 2026","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the Institutional Review Board of Taichung Veterans General Hospital (CE25531A) and with the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. This retrospective, single-center study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Taichung Veterans General Hospital, and the requirement for informed consent was waived.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethical approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}