{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T12:32:49Z","timestamp":1790253169005,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781136000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781136000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To determine how often geographic atrophy (GA) lesions cannot be reliably delineated on ultrawidefield (UWF) green-light fundus autofluorescence (GAF) and to identify factors associated with poor lesion demarcation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Retrospective cross-sectional study. 88 patients (138 eyes) with GA due to non-exudative age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Consecutive retina clinic subjects with GA secondary to AMD and UWF-GAF, UWF pseudocolor, and OCT imaging at the same visit were included in this study. Eyes with AMD due to other causes, evidence of exudative AMD, or images with overall poor quality were excluded. Two independent masked graders classified the UWF-GAF images as gradable (clearly delineated GA borders amenable to measurement) or ungradable (indistinct borders), and discrepancies were adjudicated by the senior investigator. Choroidal thickness (CT) was measured on central horizontal B-scan at the foveal center and at points 1.5\u00a0mm nasal and temporal to the center. Main Outcome Measures: Frequency of ungradable UWF-GAF images and choroidal thickness measurements at the foveal, nasal, and temporal locations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      UWF-GAF images were deemed ungradable for GA size in 7\/138 eyes (5.1%; 95% CI, 2.5\u201310.1). Inter-reader agreement for gradability was excellent (\u03ba\u2009=\u20090.867;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Ungradable eyes demonstrated a markedly thinner choroid at all measurement locations including the foveal center (74.71\u2009\u00b1\u200937.04\u00a0\u03bcm vs. 177.41\u2009\u00b1\u200991.16\u00a0\u03bcm;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.0002), nasal (58.14\u2009\u00b1\u200914.73\u00a0\u03bcm vs. 132.70\u2009\u00b1\u200988.28\u00a0\u03bcm ;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.0013), and temporal (85.29\u2009\u00b1\u200934.54\u00a0\u03bcm vs. 177.40\u2009\u00b1\u200987.07\u00a0\u03bcm;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.018) points.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In retina practices that routinely obtain Optos UWF-GAF imaging, approximately 5% of GA lesions may not be measurable on UWF GAF imaging, with a very thin choroid being a common feature among such cases. Green fluorescence from the unmasked sclera is the likely explanation for this phenomenon, though such GA lesions lend themselves to reliable quantification using the companion UWF pseudocolor image. These findings have implications for the monitoring of GA lesions in clinical practice in the era of GA therapeutics.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-026-07314-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T02:42:08Z","timestamp":1781145728000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Factors impacting the assessment of geographic atrophy on ultra\u2011widefield fundus autofluorescence imaging"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Rouzbeh","family":"Abbasgholizadeh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alberto","family":"Quarta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mai","family":"Alhelaly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ceren","family":"Soylu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abbas","family":"Habibi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rayna","family":"Rattu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adrian","family":"Au","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giulia","family":"Corradetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu-Chien","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shinichiro","family":"Chujo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianfeng","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael S.","family":"Ip","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Srinivas R.","family":"Sadda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"7314_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2017.08.038","volume":"125","author":"M Fleckenstein","year":"2018","unstructured":"Fleckenstein M, Mitchell P, Freund KB et al (2018) The Progression of Geographic Atrophy Secondary to Age-Related Macular Degeneration. 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Recipient (R): Carl Zeiss Meditec, Heidelberg Engineering, Nidek Incorporated, Novartis Pharma AG, Topcon Medical Systems Inc. Financial Support (F): Carl Zeiss Meditec, Heidelberg Engineering, Optos Inc., Nidek, Topcon, Centervue. Dr. Michael Ip has the following disclosures: consulting fees from Alimera, Allergan, Amgen, Apellis, Astellas, Boehringer Ingelheim, Clearside Biomedical, Genentech, Inc., Novartis, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Zeiss and Research Support: Adverum, Apellis, Biogen, Boehringer Ingelheim, Genentech, Lineage Cell Therapeutics, ONL Therapeutics, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Regenexbio, SpliceBio, 4DMTThe other authors have no proprietary or commercial interest in any materials discussed in this article.Srinivas Sadda - although the corresponding author is an editorial board member of the journal, there was no involvement with the peer review process for this article.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}