{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T22:52:24Z","timestamp":1789771944838,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782691200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782691200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012618","name":"National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012618","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To report the outcomes of verteporfin photodynamic therapy (PDT) with adjuntive pre- and post-PDT intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) injections (\u201cSandwich PDT\u201d) for juxtapapillary retinal capillary hemangioblastoma (RCH).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A retrospective case review of eyes with juxtapapillary RCH that underwent \u201cSandwich PDT\u201d in a national referral center. The clinical features were evaluated with fundus photography, optical coherence tomography, and ultrasonography.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Five eyes were analyzed. The median follow-up time was 42 (range, 12\u201377) months. Adjunctive anti-VEGFs were given 4.0 weeks (range, 1\u00a0day-12 weeks) before PDT and 6.0 weeks (3 days to 8 weeks) after PDT. One of the five eyes (20%) that had anti-VEGF injection 8 weeks before PDT developed macular exudation after PDT but resolved within 1 month. Following Sandwich PDT, tumor size regressed in 3\/5 eyes (60%) and stabilized in 2\/5 eyes (40%). Subretinal fluid and exudates completely resolved in the three eyes that had these features before PDT, whereas intraretinal fluid stabilized or partially responded in 4\/5 (80%). Reactivation of disease activity was noted in two eyes (40%), one resolved after a second Sandwich PDT. At the last follow-up, visual acuity improved 10 ETDRS letters or more in one eye (20%), stabilized in two (40%), and worsened 10 ETDRS letters or more in two (40%).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The treatment of juxtapapillary RCH remains challenging. PDT with adjunctive anti-VEGF injections achieved anatomical control, but the functional outcomes were guarded. Based on the pharmacokinetics, we propose that anti-VEGF be given 1 week before PDT for maximal coverage.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-026-07323-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T03:43:53Z","timestamp":1782704633000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Sandwich therapy combining photodynamic therapy and adjunctive anti-VEGF for juxtapapillary retinal capillary hemangioblastoma"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Hung-Da","family":"Chou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catriona","family":"Downie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rodrigo","family":"Anguita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guy S","family":"Negretti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mandeep S","family":"Sagoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10","key":"7323_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1907","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(01)00758-8","volume":"108","author":"AD Singh","year":"2001","unstructured":"Singh AD, Nouri M, Shields CL et al (2001) Retinal capillary hemangioma: a comparison of sporadic cases and cases associated with von Hippel-Lindau disease. 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