{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T12:32:49Z","timestamp":1790253169012,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,20]],"date-time":"2026-06-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781913600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,20]],"date-time":"2026-06-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781913600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To develop a Hill of Vision (HOV)\u2013inspired severity score for geographic atrophy (GA) and evaluate its ability to capture spatial characteristics of disease progression, including lesion location and proximity to the foveal center, compared with the conventional lesion area (\u0394Area) metric.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This retrospective analysis included 103 untreated fellow eyes from the MAHALO study with fundus autofluorescence images available at all visits. GA lesions were delineated and binarized to generate mask images. A Gaussian weighting function based on the distance from the foveal center was applied to each lesion pixel to model the spatial distribution of retinal functional resolution, yielding a volumetric \u201cseverity score,\u201d that was kept unitless for the purpose of this exercise. For eyes with multifocal GA, total severity was defined as the sum of all lesion values. The correlation between \u0394Area and \u0394Severity (0\u201318 months) was assessed using Pearson\u2019s coefficient. Lesion expansion direction was visualized using Euclidean distance maps.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Mean changes in \u0394Area and \u0394Severity over 18 months were 1.02\u2009\u00b1\u20091.11\u00a0mm\u00b2 and 5811\u2009\u00b1\u20094584, respectively. A weak but significant correlation was observed (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.36,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.01). Cases with peripheral enlargement showed modest severity increases, whereas parafoveal expansion caused steep severity rises despite relatively minimal area growth. Expansion maps revealed that the direction and expansion to the fovea strongly influenced severity progression.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The HOV-inspired severity score provides a spatially weighted framework for assessing GA progression and may complement conventional structural metrics by incorporating lesion location relative to the fovea.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-026-07325-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,20]],"date-time":"2026-06-20T03:44:29Z","timestamp":1781927069000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Development of a conceptual, HOV-inspired spatial weighting model for quantifying geographic atrophy severity"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Shinichiro","family":"Chujo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alberto","family":"Quarta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rouzbeh","family":"Abbasgholizadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu-Chien","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyunduck","family":"Kwak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ceren","family":"Soylu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mai","family":"Alhelaly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raiyna","family":"Rattu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianfeng","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giulia","family":"Corradetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Swetha","family":"Velaga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muneeswar Gupta","family":"Nittala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akihito","family":"Uji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Srinivas R.","family":"Sadda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"7325_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2017.08.038","volume":"125","author":"M Fleckenstein","year":"2018","unstructured":"Fleckenstein M, Mitchell P, Freund KB et al (2018) The progression of geographic atrophy secondary to age-related macular degeneration. 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All protocols were reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of Doheny Eye Institute (approval number IRB-15-0083).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"This retrospective study involved de-identified patient data, and the IRB of the Doheny Eye Institute to waive the written informed consent.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"Dr. Srinivas Sadda has the following disclosures: Consultant (C): 4DMT, Abbvie, Alexion, Allergan Inc., Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Amgen Inc., Apellis Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Astellas, Bayer Healthcare Pharmaceuticals, Biogen MA Inc., Boehringer Ingelheim, Carl Zeiss Meditec, Catalyst Pharmaceuticals Inc., Centervue Inc., GENENTECH, Gyroscope Therapeutics, Heidelberg Engineering, Hoffman La Roche, Ltd., Iveric Bio, Janssen Pharmaceuticals Inc., Nanoscope, Notal Vision Inc., Novartis Pharma AG, Optos Inc., Oxurion\/Thrombogenics, Oyster Point Pharma, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., Samsung Bioepis, Topcon Medical Systems Inc. Recipient (R): Carl Zeiss Meditec, Heidelberg 35 Engineering, Nidek Incorporated, Novartis Pharma AG, Topcon Medical Systems Inc. Financial Support 36 (F): Carl Zeiss Meditec, Heidelberg Engineering, Optos Inc., Nidek, Topcon, Centervue.Vas Sadda is the Editor-in-Chief of Graefes Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology but was not involved in the editorial handling of this manuscript.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}