{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T04:47:34Z","timestamp":1782794854070,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782777600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782777600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-026-07355-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T04:39:54Z","timestamp":1782794394000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Tomographic phenotypes and conditional time to atrophic conversion in dry age-related macular degeneration among progressors: an interval-censored study"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Oscar Matteo","family":"Gagliardi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Niroj Kumar","family":"Sahoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giulia","family":"Gregori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nasiq","family":"Hasan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shreyaa Rohindra","family":"Lall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Lupidi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danilo","family":"Iannetta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1772-3558","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jay","family":"Chhablani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"7355_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1860","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-025-03774-6","volume":"39","author":"J Wang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wang J, Han J, Wang X et al (2025) The global burden and attributable risk factor analysis of age-related macular degeneration in 204 countries and territories, 1990\u20132021. Eye (Lond) 39(9):1860\u20131867. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41433-025-03774-6","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"issue":"2","key":"7355_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e106","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(13)70145-1","volume":"2","author":"WL Wong","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wong WL, Su X, Li X et al (2014) Global prevalence of age-related macular degeneration and disease burden projection for 2020 and 2040: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Glob Health 2(2):e106\u2013e116. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2214-109X(13)70145-1","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"issue":"10","key":"7355_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1792","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2021.08.011","volume":"43","author":"NM Schultz","year":"2021","unstructured":"Schultz NM, Bhardwaj S, Barclay C et al (2021) Global burden of dry age-related macular degeneration: a targeted literature review. Clin Ther 43(10):1792\u20131818. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clinthera.2021.08.011","journal-title":"Clin Ther"},{"issue":"11","key":"7355_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1570","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.123.11.1570","volume":"123","author":"FL Ferris","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ferris FL, Davis MD, Clemons TE et al (2005) Age-Related Eye Disease Study (AREDS) Research Group. A simplified severity scale for age-related macular degeneration: AREDS Report 18. Arch Ophthalmol 123(11):1570\u20131574. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/archopht.123.11.1570","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"6","key":"7355_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oret.2023.12.006","volume":"8","author":"M Trinh","year":"2024","unstructured":"Trinh M, Cheung R, Duong A et al (2024) OCT prognostic biomarkers for progression to late age-related macular degeneration: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ophthalmol Retina 8(6):553\u2013565. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.oret.2023.12.006","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Retina"},{"issue":"6","key":"7355_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1275","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-022-02097-0","volume":"37","author":"J Sutton","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sutton J, Menten MJ, Riedl S et al (2023) Developing and validating a multivariable prediction model which predicts progression of intermediate to late age-related macular degeneration: the PINNACLE trial protocol. Eye (Lond) 37(6):1275\u20131283. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41433-022-02097-0","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"issue":"4","key":"7355_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.18240\/ijo.2025.04.11","volume":"18","author":"OM Gagliardi","year":"2025","unstructured":"Gagliardi OM, Alisi L, Visioli G et al (2025) OCT predictors of retinal atrophy in neovascular age-related macular degeneration treated with aflibercept. Int J Ophthalmol 18(4):648\u2013655. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18240\/ijo.2025.04.11","journal-title":"Int J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"12","key":"7355_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1423","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-021-01560-8","volume":"81","author":"SM Hoy","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hoy SM (2021) Pegcetacoplan: first approval. Drugs 81(12):1423\u20131430. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40265-021-01560-8","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"issue":"4","key":"7355_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2020.08.027","volume":"128","author":"GJ Jaffe","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jaffe GJ, Westby K, Csaky KG et al (2021) C5 inhibitor avacincaptad pegol for geographic atrophy due to age-related macular degeneration: a randomized pivotal phase 2\/3 trial. Ophthalmology 128(4):576\u2013586. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ophtha.2020.08.027","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"7355_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110304","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110304","volume":"254","author":"JML Miller","year":"2025","unstructured":"Miller JML, Thompson BR, Handa JT et al (2025) Dissecting the biological complexity of age-related macular degeneration: is it one disease, multiple separate diseases, or a spectrum? Exp Eye Res 254:110304. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.exer.2025.110304","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res"},{"key":"7355_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sarraf D, Corvi F, Rosenfeld PJ et al. Standardizing measurement of complete retinal pigment epithelial and outer retinal atrophy: Classification of Atrophy Meeting Report 8. Ophthalmol Retina. Published online January 30 2026. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.oret.2026.01.017","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oret.2026.01.017"},{"issue":"9","key":"7355_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oret.2024.04.003","volume":"8","author":"A Mahmoudi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mahmoudi A, Lindenberg S, Corradetti G et al (2024) Predictive factors influencing the evolution of acquired vitelliform lesions in intermediate age-related macular degeneration eyes. Ophthalmol Retina 8(9):863\u2013871. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.oret.2024.04.003","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Retina"},{"issue":"1","key":"7355_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100977","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xops.2025.100977","volume":"6","author":"S Fragiotta","year":"2025","unstructured":"Fragiotta S, Querques G, Polito MS et al (2025) Structural biomarkers influencing drusenoid pigment epithelial detachment lifecycle and the development of late macular degeneration. Ophthalmol Sci 6(1):100977. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.xops.2025.100977","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"7355_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100939","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xops.2025.100939","volume":"6","author":"N Nagai","year":"2025","unstructured":"Nagai N, Shinoda H, Matsubara H et al (2025) Associations between progression of retinal pigment epithelial and outer retinal atrophy and choroidal thickness: a 2-year observation. Ophthalmol Sci 6(1):100939. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.xops.2025.100939","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Sci"},{"issue":"9","key":"7355_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2687","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-021-05147-7","volume":"259","author":"M Jhingan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jhingan M, Singh SR, Samanta A et al (2021) Drusen ooze: predictor for progression of dry age-related macular degeneration. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 259(9):2687\u20132694. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00417-021-05147-7","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"7","key":"7355_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2083","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-024-06389-x","volume":"262","author":"N Manafi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Manafi N, Mahmoudi A, Emamverdi M et al (2024) Topographic analysis of local OCT biomarkers which predict progression to atrophy in age-related macular degeneration. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 262(7):2083\u20132091. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00417-024-06389-x","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"8","key":"7355_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1551","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-017-3693-y","volume":"255","author":"J Lei","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lei J, Balasubramanian S, Abdelfattah NS, Nittala MG, Sadda SR (2017) Proposal of a simple optical coherence tomography-based scoring system for progression of age-related macular degeneration. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 255(8):1551\u20131558. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00417-017-3693-y","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"3","key":"7355_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2019.09.035","volume":"127","author":"RH Guymer","year":"2020","unstructured":"Guymer RH, Rosenfeld PJ, Curcio CA et al (2020) Incomplete retinal pigment epithelial and outer retinal atrophy in age-related macular degeneration: Classification of Atrophy Meeting Report 4. Ophthalmology 127(3):394\u2013409. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ophtha.2019.09.035","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"5","key":"7355_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcjo.2021.01.005","volume":"56","author":"G Corradetti","year":"2021","unstructured":"Corradetti G, Corvi F, Nittala MG, Nassisi M, Alagorie AR, Scharf J, Lee MY, Sadda SR, Sarraf D (2021) Natural history of incomplete retinal pigment epithelial and outer retinal atrophy in age-related macular degeneration. Can J Ophthalmol 56(5):325\u2013334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcjo.2021.01.005","journal-title":"Can J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"13","key":"7355_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5479","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.16-19816","volume":"57","author":"C Balaratnasingam","year":"2016","unstructured":"Balaratnasingam C, Yannuzzi LA, Curcio CA et al (2016) Associations between retinal pigment epithelium and drusen volume changes during the lifecycle of large drusenoid pigment epithelial detachments. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 57(13):5479\u20135489. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1167\/iovs.16-19816","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"8","key":"7355_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3431","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.18-24143","volume":"59","author":"M Nassisi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Nassisi M, Fan W, Shi Y et al (2018) Quantity of intraretinal hyperreflective foci in patients with intermediate age-related macular degeneration correlates with 1-year progression. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 59(8):3431\u20133439. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1167\/iovs.18-24143","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"7355_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oret.2022.09.007","volume":"7","author":"K Hirabayashi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hirabayashi K, Yu HJ, Wakatsuki Y et al (2023) OCT risk factors for development of atrophy in eyes with intermediate age-related macular degeneration. Ophthalmol Retina 7(3):253\u2013260. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.oret.2022.09.007","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Retina"}],"container-title":["Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00417-026-07355-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00417-026-07355-5","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00417-026-07355-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T04:40:07Z","timestamp":1782794407000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00417-026-07355-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]]},"references-count":22,"alternative-id":["7355"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00417-026-07355-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["0721-832X","1435-702X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0721-832X","type":"print"},{"value":"1435-702X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"7 April 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 May 2026","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 June 2026","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 June 2026","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. This study received an exemption from the University of Pittsburgh Institutional Review Board.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"A waiver of informed consent was obtained due to the retrospective nature of the data.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}