{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]],"date-time":"2026-07-06T06:14:17Z","timestamp":1783318457909,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]],"date-time":"2026-07-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783296000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]],"date-time":"2026-07-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783296000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universit\u00e4t, Frankfurt am Main"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To develop and test a formula for contact lens calculation in aphakic infants. This formula, termed the \u201caphakic Contact Lens\u201d (aCL) formula, utilizes preoperative axial length and keratometry data.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This retrospective, consecutive, two-center study used data derived from a development cohort (Freiburg, Germany) to create and optimize the aCL formula in aphakic eyes. A separate validation cohort (Frankfurt, Germany) was used to validate its predictive performance. The accuracy of the aCL formula was compared against: retinoscopy, a previously reported formula (Trivedi and Wilson, TW), and the use of a\u2009+\u200932.0 diopter (D) CL. Performance was evaluated using the prediction error (PE), absolute prediction error (AE) and the number of eyes within a certain range from retinoscopy (\u00b1\u20090.5D, \u00b1\u20091.0D, \u00b1\u20092.0D).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The aCL formula demonstrated comparable absolute prediction errors to retinoscopy (median AE 0.53D vs. 0.69D) and outperforms the TW formula or +\u200932D CL (median AE 3.25D and 2.63D). The number of eyes within \u00b1\u20090.5D (38.3%) is lower compared to retinoscopy (50.0%), but comparable for \u00b1\u20091.0D and better for \u00b1\u20092.0D (61.7% vs. 66.7%, 83.3% vs. 72.2%). Both perform better than TW formula and +\u200932.0D (ranging from 0.0% for \u00b1\u20090.5D to 33.3% for \u00b1\u20092.0D).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The aCL formula is a reliable and accurate tool for determining CL power in aphakic infants. It performed superior to other formula-based and default strategies and is comparable to a retinoscopy. Still, follow-up studies with larger cohorts are needed to validate this outcome.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-026-07370-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]],"date-time":"2026-07-06T05:17:30Z","timestamp":1783315050000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Correction of aphakia using biometry-based contact lens calculation in pediatric cataract extraction: introducing the aphakic contact lens formula"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4602-6655","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christoph","family":"Lwowski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Klemens Paul","family":"Kaiser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yaroslava","family":"Wenner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Navid","family":"Farassat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Kohnen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wolf A.","family":"Lagr\u00e8ze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"7370_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1007\/s00347-025-02262-2","volume":"122","author":"T Kohnen","year":"2025","unstructured":"Kohnen T, Wenner Y, Fronius M, D\u00e1vidov\u00e1 P, Kuhli-Hattenbach C (2025) Katarakt im Kindesalter \u2013 Teil 2. 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This study was performed following the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki and in adherence to good clinical practice (GCP).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"Christoph Lwowski: none. Klemens Kaiser: Lecture fees from Oculus. Yaroslava Wenner: none. Navid Farassat: Consultant for Santen. Thomas Kohnen: Consultant, Research and Lecturing for Alcon, Oculus, Schwind, Staar. Consultant and Lecturing for Ziemer. Research and Lecturing for Teleon Surgical. Consulting for Abbvie, Geuder, LensGen, Santen, Stadapharm, Thieme, Zeiss Meditec. Lecturing for Allergan, Bausch & Lomb, Johnson & Johnson, MedUpdate, streamedup. Wolf Lagr\u00e8ze: Consultant and Lecturing for Santen, Essilor, Thea, Amgen.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Financial disclosures"}},{"value":"not applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Clinical trial number"}},{"value":"Thomas Kohnen serves on the Editorial Board of Graefe`s Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology, but had no role in this manuscript\u00b4s review.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}