{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T04:04:48Z","timestamp":1784174688482,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784160000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784160000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"National High Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding","award":["2022-PUMCH-C-038"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022-PUMCH-C-038"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-026-07382-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T03:45:38Z","timestamp":1784173538000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Long-term observation of treatment strategies for primary vitreoretinal lymphoma in a multicenter Chinese cohort"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Yurong","family":"Tuo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yujing","family":"Qian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoyan","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dan","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoli","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7581-6800","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Meifen","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"7382_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.17116\/patol20238504124","volume":"85","author":"DV Baram","year":"2023","unstructured":"Baram DV, Asaulenko ZP, Spiridonov IN, Krivolapov YA (2023) WHO classification of tumors of hematopoietic and lymphoid tissues, 2022 (5th edition): lymphoid tumors. Arkh Patol 85:24\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17116\/patol20238504124","journal-title":"Arkh Patol"},{"key":"7382_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101053","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2022.101053","volume":"90","author":"H Takase","year":"2022","unstructured":"Takase H, Arai A, Iwasaki Y et al (2022) Challenges in the diagnosis and management of vitreoretinal lymphoma \u2013 Clinical and basic approaches. Prog Retin Eye Res 90:101053. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2022.101053","journal-title":"Prog Retin Eye Res"},{"key":"7382_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1080\/09273948.2021.1878233","volume":"29","author":"D Carbonell","year":"2021","unstructured":"Carbonell D, Mahajan S, Chee S-P et al (2021) Consensus recommendations for the diagnosis of vitreoretinal lymphoma. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 29:507\u2013520. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/09273948.2021.1878233","journal-title":"Ocul Immunol Inflamm"},{"key":"7382_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1851","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdm340","volume":"18","author":"SA Grimm","year":"2007","unstructured":"Grimm SA, Pulido JS, Jahnke K et al (2007) Primary intraocular lymphoma: an International Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma Collaborative Group Report. Ann Oncol 18:1851\u20131855. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/annonc\/mdm340","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"7382_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.17451","volume":"194","author":"Z Habot-Wilner","year":"2021","unstructured":"Habot-Wilner Z, Frenkel S, Pe\u2019er J (2021) Efficacy and safety of intravitreal methotrexate for vitreo-retinal lymphoma\u2009\u2013\u200920 years of experience. Br J Haematol 194:92\u2013100. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/bjh.17451","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"7382_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2014.4755","volume":"133","author":"A Riemens","year":"2015","unstructured":"Riemens A, Bromberg J, Touitou V et al (2015) Treatment strategies in primary vitreoretinal lymphoma: a 17-center European collaborative study. JAMA Ophthalmol 133:191\u2013197. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2014.4755","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol"},{"key":"7382_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1279","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.19266","volume":"204","author":"Y Motomura","year":"2024","unstructured":"Motomura Y, Yoshifuji K, Tachibana T et al (2024) Clinical factors for central nervous system progression and survival in primary vitreoretinal lymphoma. Br J Haematol 204:1279\u20131287. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/bjh.19266","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"7382_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.26199","volume":"96","author":"M Lam","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lam M, Touitou V, Choquet S et al (2021) Intravenous high-dose methotrexate based systemic therapy in the treatment of isolated primary vitreoretinal lymphoma: An LOC network study. Am J Hematol 96:823\u2013833. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ajh.26199","journal-title":"Am J Hematol"},{"key":"7382_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.14848","volume":"179","author":"T Kaburaki","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kaburaki T, Taoka K, Matsuda J et al (2017) Combined intravitreal methotrexate and immunochemotherapy followed by reduced-dose whole-brain radiotherapy for newly diagnosed B-cell primary intraocular lymphoma. Br J Haematol 179:246\u2013255. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/bjh.14848","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"7382_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-014-2584-8","volume":"252","author":"N Hashida","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hashida N, Nakai K, Saitoh N, Nishida K (2014) Association between ocular findings and preventive therapy with onset of central nervous system involvement in patients with primary vitreoretinal lymphoma. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 252:687\u2013693. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00417-014-2584-8","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"7382_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zhang X, Zhang Y, Guan W et al (2024) Development of Diagnostic Recommendations for Vitreoretinal Lymphoma. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 32:1142\u2013114. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/09273948.2023.2173242","DOI":"10.1080\/09273948.2023.2173242"},{"key":"7382_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5034","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2005.13.524","volume":"23","author":"LE Abrey","year":"2005","unstructured":"Abrey LE, Batchelor TT, Ferreri AJM, etal et al (2005) Report of an international workshop to standardize baseline evaluation and response criteria for primary CNS lymphoma. J Clin Oncol 23:5034\u20135043. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1200\/JCO.2005.13.524","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"7382_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2022.10.009","volume":"246","author":"X Zhang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhang X, Zhang Y, Zhuang Z et al (2023) Cerebrospinal Fluid Interleukin-10 Biomarker for Vitreoretinal Lymphoma. Am J Ophthalmol 246:242\u2013250. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajo.2022.10.009","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"7382_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7911","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.5567","volume":"12","author":"G-J Min","year":"2023","unstructured":"Min G-J, Kim TY, Jeon Y-W et al (2023) Diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of primary intraocular lymphoma: Single-center real-world clinical experience. Cancer Med 12:7911\u20137922. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cam4.5567","journal-title":"Cancer Med"},{"key":"7382_CR15","first-page":"711","volume":"9","author":"TT Batchelor","year":"2003","unstructured":"Batchelor TT, Kolak G, Ciordia R et al (2003) High-dose methotrexate for intraocular lymphoma. Clin Cancer Res 9:711\u2013715","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"7382_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1007\/s00277-014-2212-z","volume":"94","author":"S Kreher","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kreher S, Strehlow F, Martus P et al (2015) Prognostic impact of intraocular involvement in primary CNS lymphoma: experience from the G-PCNSL-SG1 trial. Ann Hematol 94:409\u2013414. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00277-014-2212-z","journal-title":"Ann Hematol"},{"key":"7382_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1186\/s40164-022-00354-2","volume":"11","author":"W Guan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Guan W, Wang L, Peng X (2022) Targeting Bruton\u2019s tyrosine kinase in vitreoretinal lymphoma: an open-label, prospective, single-center, phase 2 study. Exp Hematol Oncol 11:95. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40164-022-00354-2","journal-title":"Exp Hematol Oncol"},{"key":"7382_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2019.05.024","volume":"117","author":"C Soussain","year":"2019","unstructured":"Soussain C, Choquet S, Blonski M et al (2019) Ibrutinib monotherapy for relapse or refractory primary CNS lymphoma and primary vitreoretinal lymphoma: Final analysis of the phase II proof-of-concept iLOC study by the Lymphoma study association (LYSA) and the French oculo-cerebral lymphoma (LOC) network. Eur J Cancer 117:121\u2013130. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejca.2019.05.024","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer"},{"key":"7382_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112909","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2023.04.025","volume":"189","author":"C Soussain","year":"2023","unstructured":"Soussain C, Malaise D, Choquet S et al (2023) Long-lasting CRs after ibrutinib monotherapy for relapse or refractory primary CNS lymphoma (PCNSL) and primary vitreoretinal lymphoma (PVRL): Long-term results of the iLOC study by the Lymphoma Study Association (LYSA) and the French Oculo-Cerebral Lymphoma (LOC) Network (clinical trial number: NCT02542514). Eur J Cancer 189:112909. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejca.2023.04.025","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer"},{"key":"7382_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdz032","volume":"30","author":"H Ghesquieres","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ghesquieres H, Chevrier M, Laadhari M et al (2019) Lenalidomide in combination with intravenous rituximab (REVRI) in relapsed\/refractory primary CNS lymphoma or primary intraocular lymphoma: a multicenter prospective proof of concept phase II study of the French Oculo-Cerebral lymphoma (LOC) Network and the Lymphoma Study Association (LYSA)\u2020. Ann Oncol 30:621\u2013628. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/annonc\/mdz032","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"7382_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"701507","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2021.701507","volume":"11","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhang Y, Zhang X, Zou D et al (2021) Lenalidomide and Rituximab Regimen Combined With Intravitreal Methotrexate Followed by Lenalidomide Maintenance for Primary Vitreoretinal Lymphoma: A Prospective Phase II Study. Front Oncol 11:701507. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fonc.2021.701507","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"key":"7382_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.25350","volume":"94","author":"A Castellino","year":"2019","unstructured":"Castellino A, Pulido JS, Johnston PB et al (2019) Role of systemic high-dose methotrexate and combined approaches in the management of vitreoretinal lymphoma: A single center experience 1990\u20132018. Am J Hematol 94:291\u2013298. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ajh.25350","journal-title":"Am J Hematol"},{"key":"7382_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/nov253","volume":"18","author":"CY Cheah","year":"2016","unstructured":"Cheah CY, Milgrom S, Chihara D et al (2016) Intensive chemoimmunotherapy and bilateral globe irradiation as initial therapy for primary intraocular lymphoma. Neuro Oncol 18:575\u2013581. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/neuonc\/nov253","journal-title":"Neuro Oncol"},{"key":"7382_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-022-01356-7","volume":"15","author":"T Chen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chen T, Liu Y, Wang Y et al (2022) Evidence-based expert consensus on the management of primary central nervous system lymphoma in China. J Hematol Oncol 15:136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13045-022-01356-7","journal-title":"J Hematol Oncol"},{"key":"7382_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1016\/s0161-6420(00)00499-1","volume":"108","author":"A Rothova","year":"2001","unstructured":"Rothova A, Ooijman F, Kerkhoff F et al (2001) Uveitis masquerade syndromes. Ophthalmology 108:386\u2013399. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0161-6420(00)00499-1","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"7382_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1186\/s40942-018-0120-4","volume":"4","author":"JS Pulido","year":"2018","unstructured":"Pulido JS, Johnston PB, Nowakowski GS et al (2018) The diagnosis and treatment of primary vitreoretinal lymphoma: a review. Int J Retin Vitr 4:18. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40942-018-0120-4","journal-title":"Int J Retin Vitr"}],"container-title":["Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00417-026-07382-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00417-026-07382-2","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00417-026-07382-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T03:45:38Z","timestamp":1784173538000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00417-026-07382-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]]},"references-count":26,"alternative-id":["7382"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00417-026-07382-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["0721-832X","1435-702X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0721-832X","type":"print"},{"value":"1435-702X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"18 December 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 May 2026","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 July 2026","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 July 2026","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"This retrospective study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Peking Union Medical College Hospital (approval number: I-25PJ0589) and conducted according to the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki. The requirement for written informed consent was waived due to the retrospective nature of the study and the use of anonymized clinical data.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Clinical trial number","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}