{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T01:06:45Z","timestamp":1789175205342,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789171200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789171200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Oxford BRC, NIHR and UKRI MRC"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Comparison of available treatment modalities for neovascular AMD-related submacular haemorrhage including robot-assisted subretinal drug delivery.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Single centre, long-term, retrospective analysis of patients treated for nAMD-related submacular haemorrhage. For each treatment group, outcomes assessed included haemorrhage resolution and best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) change with sub-analyses by haemorrhage size.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We identified 55 patients with classic nAMD-related submacular haemorrhage. We observed a preference for the surgical approach injecting subretinal TPA (manual or robotic) with intravitreal anti-VEGF and pneumatic displacement (30 cases: 8:10:12 ratio of small:medium:large haemorrhage), over intravitreal TPA\/anti-VEGF\/pneumatic displacement (13 cases: 4:5:4) or intravitreal anti-VEGF alone (12 cases 8:4:0). Subretinal TPA led to significant decrease in haemorrhage size by month 1 compared to intravitreal TPA or anti-VEGF monotherapy (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.0001, Tukey test) with most cases resolving by 12\u00a0months irrespective of the treatment group. Mean BCVA change over 12\u00a0months was not significantly different between treatment groups, although by 12\u00a0months\u2009+\u200915 letter gain was observed post subretinal TPA,\u2009+\u200911 after intravitreal TPA and -7 letters loss after anti-VEGF monotherapy. A higher proportion of patients in the surgical group (53% subretinal and 69% intravitreal TPA) were associated with BCVA improvement, or stabilisation (33% and 15% respectively), while anti-VEGF alone led to more frequent BCVA deteriorations (50% of cases). Robot-assisted TPA injection showed comparable result to the manual technique.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Subretinal TPA approach, manual and robotic, resulted most effective clearance of submacular haemorrhage in the early post-operative phase, with some potential clinical benefit for longer term visual function.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-026-07483-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T00:15:49Z","timestamp":1789172149000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Comparison of current treatment strategies for AMD-related submacular haemorrhage: Real-world outcomes"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Jedrzej P.","family":"Golebka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amandeep S.","family":"Josan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helen","family":"Mi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guy","family":"Mole","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sher A.","family":"Aslam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert E.","family":"MacLaren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jasmina","family":"Cehajic-Kapetanovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"7483_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e144","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(20)30489-7","volume":"9","author":"RRA Bourne","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bourne RRA, Steinmetz JD, Saylan M et al (2020) Causes of blindness and vision impairment in 2020 and trends over 30 years, and prevalence of avoidable blindness in relation to VISION 2020: the right to sight: an analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study. 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