{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T19:13:06Z","timestamp":1792782786448,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790208000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790208000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"University of Basel","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02s6k3f65","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To measure the retinal vessel oxygen saturation function with retinal oximetry (RO) and correlate these findings with structural retinal photoreceptor adaptive optics (AO) imaging in patients with retinitis pigmentosa (RP) and controls.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Prospective observational study examining 43 eyes of 23 subjects: 22 eyes from 12 patients with RP (4\u2640 8\u2642; 46.4\u2009\u00b1\u200915.0 years) and 21 eyes from 11 controls (5\u2640 6\u2642; 38.1\u2009\u00b1\u200912.7 years). Main outcome measures were the mean arterial (A-SO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      ; %), venular (V-SO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      ; %) oxygen saturation, as well as their difference (A-V SO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      ; %) measured with the oxygen saturation tool of the Retinal Vessel Analyzer (IMEDOS Systems UG, Germany) and the mean cone density (AO-D; cells\/mm\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      ) in 12 predefined regions of interest (ROI) arranged at 1.5\u00b0, 3\u00b0, and 4.5\u00b0 eccentricity from the foveal center.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      RP eyes demonstrated significantly increased A-SO\u2082 and V-SO\u2082 and a reduced A\u2013V SO\u2082 compared to controls (all\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), indicating impaired retinal oxygen extraction. In addition, both arterial and venular vessel diameters were significantly reduced in RP (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Adaptive optics imaging revealed a significant reduction in cone density across all eccentricities in RP compared to controls (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.01). Linear regression analysis showed a negative correlation between A-SO\u2082 and AO-D (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009\u2212\u20090.169,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and a negative correlation between V-SO\u2082 and AO-D (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009\u2212\u20090.316,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). In contrast, A\u2013V SO\u2082 correlated positively with AO-D (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.27,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Cone density also correlated positively with both arterial (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.406,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and venular (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.346,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001) vessel diameters.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>RP is associated with increased retinal oxygen saturation, reduced oxygen extraction, vascular narrowing, and decreased photoreceptor density. The observed correlations between retinal oxygen metabolism, vascular structure, and photoreceptor integrity suggest a close coupling between metabolic and structural alterations in RP. Evaluating retinal oxygen metabolism in conjunction with high-resolution structural imaging may provide deeper insight into disease mechanisms and progression in inherited retinal degeneration.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-026-07514-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T04:19:07Z","timestamp":1790223547000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Retinal vessel oxygen metabolism correlates with photoreceptor degeneration in retinitis pigmentosa."],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Camilla Sabina","family":"Martinelli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annekatrin","family":"Rickmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Berthold","family":"Seitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giacomo","family":"Calzetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hendrik PN","family":"Scholl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N\u00f3ra","family":"Szentm\u00e1ry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabian N","family":"Fries","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"della Volpe Waizel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"7514_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1795","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)69740-7","volume":"368","author":"DT Hartong","year":"2006","unstructured":"Hartong DT, Berson EL, Dryja TP (2006) Retinitis pigmentosa. 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Dr. della Volpe Waizel is member of the Scientific Advisory Board of Backlight Therapeutics Switzerland.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflict of interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Dr. della Volpe Waizel is a member of the editorial board for Graefes Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology, but was not involved in the editorial handling of this manuscript. Dr. della Volpe Waizel is member of the Scientific Advisory Board of backlight therapeutics Switzerland. Dr. Hendrik Scholl is chief medical officer of Belite Bio, but this work is performed outside of his activities for Belite Bio and not endorsed by Belite Bio. Dr. Scholl is director of Bioptima AG. He is member of the Scientific Advisory Board of: AIER Hospital Group and Okuvision GmbH. Dr. Scholl is member of the Investment Advisory Board of Droia NV. Dr. Scholl is member of the Data Monitoring and Safety Board\/Committee of Alesta Therapeutics (NCT07179640), VeonGen Therapeutics (NCT06291935) and adviser of the Steering Committee of Novo Nordisk (FOCUS trial; NCT03811561).","order":4,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}