{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T10:07:46Z","timestamp":1790071666104,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790035200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790035200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-026-07516-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T09:37:53Z","timestamp":1790069873000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Individualized FAZ morphometry and standardized peri-FAZ vascular density: a pilot AngioVue OCTA study in diabetic retinopathy"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Erhan","family":"\u00d6zyol","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pelin","family":"\u00d6zyol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nazl\u0131","family":"Dilbaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"7516_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1227","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1005073","volume":"366","author":"DA Antonetti","year":"2012","unstructured":"Antonetti DA, Klein R, Gardner TW (2012) Diabetic retinopathy. N Engl J Med 366:1227\u20131239. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMra1005073","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"7516_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1902","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-018-4692-1","volume":"61","author":"R Sim\u00f3","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sim\u00f3 R, Stitt AW, Gardner TW (2018) Neurodegeneration in diabetic retinopathy: does it really matter? Diabetologia 61:1902\u20131912. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00125-018-4692-1","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"7516_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101206","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2023.101206","volume":"97","author":"NK Waheed","year":"2023","unstructured":"Waheed NK, Rosen RB, Jia Y, Munk MR, Huang D, Fawzi A, Chong V, Nguyen QD, Sepah Y, Pearce E (2023) Optical coherence tomography angiography in diabetic retinopathy. Prog Retin Eye Res Nov 97:101206. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2023.101206","journal-title":"Prog Retin Eye Res Nov"},{"issue":"10","key":"7516_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0258848","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0258848","volume":"16","author":"S Laotaweerungsawat","year":"2021","unstructured":"Laotaweerungsawat S, Psaras C, Haq Z, Liu X, Stewart JM (2021) Racial and ethnic differences in foveal avascular zone in diabetic and nondiabetic eyes revealed by optical coherence tomography angiography. PLoS ONE 16(10):e0258848. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0258848","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"3","key":"7516_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1167\/tvst.6.3.16","volume":"6","author":"R Linderman","year":"2017","unstructured":"Linderman R, Salmon AE, Strampe M, Russillo M, Khan J, Carroll J (2017) Assessing the accuracy of foveal avascular zone measurements using optical coherence tomography angiography: segmentation and scaling. Transl Vis Sci Technol 6(3):16. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1167\/tvst.6.3.16","journal-title":"Transl Vis Sci Technol"},{"key":"7516_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4292","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.18-24142","volume":"59","author":"M Ashraf","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ashraf M, Nesper PL, Jampol LM, Yu F, Fawzi AA (2018) Statistical model of optical coherence tomography angiography parameters that correlate with severity of diabetic retinopathy. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 59:4292\u20134298. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1167\/iovs.18-24142","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"7516_CR7","volume-title":"Software Version 2018.1","author":"I Optovue","year":"2019","unstructured":"Optovue I (2019) RTVue XR Avanti User Manual (P\/N 580-52576-005 Rev. A). Software Version 2018.1. Optovue, Inc., Fremont, CA"},{"key":"7516_CR8","first-page":"281","volume":"18","author":"J Steiner","year":"1838","unstructured":"Steiner J (1838) Einfache Beweise der isoperimetrischen Haupts\u00e4tze. J Reine Angew Math 18:281\u2013296. http:\/\/eudml.org\/doc\/147053","journal-title":"J Reine Angew Math"},{"key":"7516_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.visres.2016.09.019","volume":"139","author":"BD Krawitz","year":"2017","unstructured":"Krawitz BD, Mo S, Geyman LS, Agemy SA, Scripsema NK, Garcia PM, Chui TYP, Rosen RB (2017) Acircularity index and axis ratio of the foveal avascular zone in diabetic eyes and healthy controls measured by optical coherence tomography angiography. Vis Res 139:177\u2013186. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.visres.2016.09.019","journal-title":"Vis Res"},{"key":"7516_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2014.3616","volume":"133","author":"RF Spaide","year":"2015","unstructured":"Spaide RF, Klancnik JM Jr, Cooney MJ (2015) Retinal vascular layers imaged by fluorescein angiography and optical coherence tomography angiography. JAMA Ophthalmol 133:45\u201350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2014.3616","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol"},{"key":"7516_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3858","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.18-24710","volume":"59","author":"PL Nesper","year":"2018","unstructured":"Nesper PL, Fawzi AA (2018) Human parafoveal capillary vascular anatomy and connectivity revealed by optical coherence tomography angiography. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 59:3858\u20133867. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1167\/iovs.18-24710","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"7516_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1090\/S0002-9947-1959-0110078-1","volume":"93","author":"H Federer","year":"1959","unstructured":"Federer H (1959) Curvature measures. Trans Am Math Soc 93:418\u2013491","journal-title":"Trans Am Math Soc"},{"issue":"3","key":"7516_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1167\/tvst.8.3.1","volume":"8","author":"JS Andrade Romo","year":"2019","unstructured":"Andrade Romo JS, Linderman RE, Pinhas A, Carroll J, Rosen RB, Chui TYP (2019) Novel development of parafoveal capillary density deviation mapping using an age-group and eccentricity matched normative OCT angiography database. Transl Vis Sci Technol 8(3):1. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1167\/tvst.8.3.1","journal-title":"Transl Vis Sci Technol"},{"key":"7516_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6870","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.14-15446","volume":"55","author":"TY Chui","year":"2014","unstructured":"Chui TY, VanNasdale DA, Elsner AE, Burns SA (2014) The association between the foveal avascular zone and retinal thickness. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 55:6870\u20136877. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1167\/iovs.14-15446","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"8","key":"7516_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e27669","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.27669","volume":"14","author":"PK Sodhi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sodhi PK, Shaw E, Gautam A, Yadav A, R AT, Rao KC, Sharma S, Tewari R (2022) Evaluating the Quantitative Foveal Avascular Zone and Retino-Choroidal Vessel Density Using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography in a Healthy Indian Population. Cureus 14(8):e27669. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.27669","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"7516_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Li Q, Gong P, Ho PH, Kennedy BF, Mackey DA, Chen FK, Charng J (2022) Evaluating Distribution of Foveal Avascular Zone Parameters Corrected by Lateral Magnification and Their Associations with Retinal Thickness. Ophthalmol Sci. 2022 2(2):100134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.xops.2022.100134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xops.2022.100134"},{"key":"7516_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1677","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(03)00475-5","volume":"10","author":"CP Wilkinson","year":"2003","unstructured":"Wilkinson CP, Ferris FL 3rd, Klein RE, Lee PP, Agardh CD, Davis M, Dills D, Kampik A, Pararajasegaram R, Verdaguer JT, Global Diabetic Retinopathy Project Group (2003) Proposed international clinical diabetic retinopathy and diabetic macular edema disease severity scales. Ophthalmology 10:1677\u20131682. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0161-6420(03)00475-5","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"7516_CR18","volume-title":"Diabetic Retinopathy Preferred Practice Pattern","author":"American Academy of Ophthalmology Retina\/Vitreous Preferred Practice Pattern Committee","year":"2024","unstructured":"American Academy of Ophthalmology Retina\/Vitreous Preferred Practice Pattern Committee (2024) Diabetic Retinopathy Preferred Practice Pattern. American Academy of Ophthalmology, San Francisco, CA"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"7516_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S27","DOI":"10.2337\/dc26-S002","volume":"48","author":"American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee for Diabetes","year":"2026","unstructured":"American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee for Diabetes (2026) Diagnosis and classification of diabetes: Standards of care in diabetes. Diabetes Care 48(Suppl 1):S27\u2013S49","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"7516_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Suda M, Yoshikawa Y, Terauchi G, Matsumoto S, Shoji T, Shinoda K, Mizota A, Kobayashi Y (2020) Magnification Effect of Foveal Avascular Zone Measurement Using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography. Biomed Hub. 2020;5(2):79\u201386. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000507501","DOI":"10.1159\/000507501"},{"key":"7516_CR21","volume-title":"Data Reduction and Error Analysis for the Physical Sciences","author":"PR Bevington","year":"2003","unstructured":"Bevington PR, Robinson DK (2003) Data Reduction and Error Analysis for the Physical Sciences, 3rd edn. McGraw-Hill, New York, NY","edition":"3"},{"key":"7516_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2019.01.012","volume":"203","author":"RB Rosen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rosen RB, Andrade Romo JS, Krawitz BD, Mo S, Fawzi AA, Linderman RE, Carroll J, Pinhas A, Chui TYP (2019) Earliest Evidence of Preclinical Diabetic Retinopathy Revealed Using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Perfused Capillary Density. Am J Ophthalmol 203:103\u2013115. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajo.2019.01.012","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"7516_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3926745","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/3926745","volume":"2018","author":"L Liu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Liu L, Jian Gao, Bao W, Hu C, Xu Y, Zhao B, Zheng J, Fan L, Sun Y (2018) Analysis of Foveal Microvascular Abnormalities in Diabetic Retinopathy Using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography with Projection Artifact Removal. J Ophthalmol 2018:3926745. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2018\/3926745","journal-title":"J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"4","key":"7516_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e3812","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.3812","volume":"40","author":"F Yang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yang F, Zou W, Li Z, Du Y, Gao W, Zhang J, Ji X, Huang J (2024) Optical coherence tomography angiography for detection of microvascular changes in early diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 40(4):e3812. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/dmrr.3812","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab Res Rev"},{"key":"7516_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2024.03.004","volume":"69","author":"H Nouri","year":"2024","unstructured":"Nouri H, Abtahi SH, Mazloumi M, Samadikhadem S, Arevalo JF, Ahmadieh H (2024) Optical coherence tomography angiography in diabetic retinopathy: A major review. Surv Ophthalmol 69:558\u2013574. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.survophthal.2024.03.004","journal-title":"Surv Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"5\u20136","key":"7516_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1080\/08820538.2020.1845386","volume":"35","author":"A Ragkousis","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ragkousis A, Kozobolis V, Kabanarou S, Bontzos G, Mangouritsas G, Heliopoulos I, Chatziralli I (2020) Vessel Density around Foveal Avascular Zone as a Potential Imaging Biomarker for Detecting Preclinical Diabetic Retinopathy: An Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Study. Semin Ophthalmol 35(5\u20136):316\u2013323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/08820538.2020.1845386","journal-title":"Semin Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"7","key":"7516_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1167\/tvst.10.7.31","volume":"10","author":"X Wang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wang X, Han Y, Sun G, Yang F, Liu W, Luo J, Cao X, Yin P, Myers FL, Zhou L (2021) Detection of the Microvascular Changes of Diabetic Retinopathy Progression Using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography. Transl Vis Sci Technol 10(7):31. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1167\/tvst.10.7.31","journal-title":"Transl Vis Sci Technol"},{"issue":"5","key":"7516_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.61.5.39","volume":"61","author":"X Li","year":"2020","unstructured":"Li X, Xie J, Zhang L, Cui Y, Zhang G, Chen X, Wang J, Zhang A, Huang T, Meng Q (2020) Identifying Microvascular and Neural Parameters Related to the Severity of Diabetic Retinopathy Using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 61(5):39. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1167\/iovs.61.5.39","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"7516_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0b013e3182504227","volume":"89","author":"TY Chui","year":"2012","unstructured":"Chui TY, Zhong Z, Song H, Burns SA (2012) Foveal avascular zone and its relationship to foveal pit shape. Optom Vis Sci 89(5):602\u2013610. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/OPX.0b013e3182504227","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"7516_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2212","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.17-23498","volume":"59","author":"Y Lu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lu Y, Simonett JM, Wang J, Zhang M, Hwang T, Hagag AM, Huang D, Li D, Jia Y (2018) Evaluation of Automatically Quantified Foveal Avascular Zone Metrics for Diagnosis of Diabetic Retinopathy Using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 59(6):2212\u20132221. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1167\/iovs.17-23498","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"7","key":"7516_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.15.7.815","volume":"15","author":"MI Harris","year":"1992","unstructured":"Harris MI, Klein R, Welborn TA, Knuiman MW (1992) Onset of NIDDM occurs at least 4\u20137 year before clinical diagnosis. Diabetes Care 15(7):815\u2013819. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/diacare.15.7.815","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"7516_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13827","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-98840-0","volume":"15","author":"H Li","year":"2025","unstructured":"Li H, Wang B, Liu C (2025) Association between age at diabetes diagnosis and the development and progression of diabetic retinopathy. Sci Rep 15:13827. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-025-98840-0","journal-title":"Sci Rep"}],"container-title":["Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00417-026-07516-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00417-026-07516-6","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00417-026-07516-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T09:37:55Z","timestamp":1790069875000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00417-026-07516-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]]},"references-count":32,"alternative-id":["7516"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00417-026-07516-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["0721-832X","1435-702X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0721-832X","type":"print"},{"value":"1435-702X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1 June 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 July 2026","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 September 2026","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 September 2026","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"This cross-sectional study was approved by the Ethics Committee of SANKO University (2026KAEK-100) and conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics Approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable. The study does not contain any patient identifying information.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent for publication","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Written informed consent was obtained from all participants.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Informed Consent","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"None.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","label":"Financial Support","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}